Abusir-el-Malik, 262
Abydos, 262
a-deva (adeva-ladeva-), 335, 376, 379-80
a-deva-yu, 309
Aditī, 405
Aegean islands, 201
aes, 234
Afghānistān, 211, 227, 228, 232, 264, 266, 272, 281, 283, 284, 287, 297, 300, 305, 307, 357
Agastya, 360-61
Agni, 195, 213, 259, 281, 289, 296, 301-4, 308-10, 313, 326-8, 336-8, 341-4, 348-9, 359-61, 369, 370, 372-3, 381, 383, 394-5, 404-6, 408, 411, 413, 417 as asura, 382-3, 394-5, 404, 405 hymns to, in the Rigveda, 213, 377, 394, 399
agnipura, 299-300
ahavanaya, 230
ahi, 187, 329
Ahicchatra, 212, 242
ahura/asura, 166, 267, 368-9, 379, 403
Ahura Mazda, 166, 282, 321, 400-403, 419
Aila kingdom, 163-4
Airiyānam vaējo, 270, 271, 277
Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, 296, 298
Ajas, 356, 357
aja 251
a-karman, 309, 376
Alamgirpur, 246
Alei valley, 209, 322, 325
Alinas, 355
Allchin, Bridget and Raymond, 222, 224, 237, 245, 253, 254
Allchin, F.R., 170, 185
Altyn Tepe temple, 293
Alur, Dr. K.R., 216-20
a-mānuṣa, 334, 376
Amorges/Omarges, 318-19
Amri, 223, 227
Amyrgioi Sakai, 314, 319
Amu Darya (see also Oxus), 284, 321
Anarsani, 330
anasah, 349-50
Anatolia, 260, 261, 274, 280, 281
Anavas, 355
anchors (of perforated stone found at Dwaraka), 201, 202
Andau, 261
Anderson, James, 169
Andhras, 296
Andronovo culture, 209, 311, 323, 324
Angirases, 418, 419
Anitabha, 284, 285
an-rc, 309
anya-vrata, 309
Apte, V.M., 314
Arachosia, 268, 269, 291
a-radhas 309, 347
Aral Sea, 285
Aranyakas, 246
Arbuda, 329, 332
arcat , 243
Arctic, 158, 168
ardhadevam, 409-10
Areia, 207
argat, argentum, arguros, 243
Aria, 291
Arjuna, 200,
Armenian, 243, 274
Armenians, 275
Arnold, 376, 379
Arsacid empire (of Parthia), 207
Arsasana, 330
Arya (arya/arya) (see also Aryans), 210, 213, 259-60, 320, 333, 359-60
arya varna, 339-40
Aryaman, 301
Aryan enemies (in the Rigveda), 353-62
Aryan Immigration into India: Russian conference, 153
Aryan invasion, see invasion, of India by Aryans
Page 421
Aryan language, 207-8, 322, 349-50
The Aryan Problem: a linguistic approach, by S.S. Misra, 274
Aryan religion, 269, 281
Aryan scripture, 163
Aryanism (see also Indo Aryanism), 216, 232-5, 264, 266 in the Harappā Culture 181, 222-5, 254, 263
Aryans/Aryan civilization, 156-60, 162, 165, 177-8, 205, 215, 218, 219, 221, 222, 226, 240, 241, 259, 267, 271, 281-4, 287, 291, 295, 297, 298, 300, 302, 303, 306, 312, 328-30, 334, 335, 337-40, 346, 350, 351, 354, 358-60, 362, 363, 366 and Dravidians, 156-9, 164, 178 original home of, 'cradle-land*, 157-8, 166, 168, 169, 266-7, 270, 271, 274-5, 277 Rigvedic/Vedic (see also Rigvedics/Vedics), 182, 185, 192, 206-8, 210-12, 233-5, 238, 259, 284, 286, 297, 301, 326, 328, 346, 365-6 Sauma, 208-9, 283, 305, 311, 313, 317
Aryans and Indian History: an archaeo-zoological approach, by K.R.Alur, 216-19
asiknir, 334, 337 fn., 339
aspa-, 267
ass, 160, 180, 183, 218-19, 248, 250 Asthana, Shashi, 225, 231, 248, 249, 250
astronomical observations in the Rigveda, 158
asura/Asuras (see also ahura/asura ), 295, 298-9, 366, 367-83, 390, 391-5, 410, 413, 416, 419 as human beings, 406-17
asuraship (asuratvam/aSūryam), 393, 394, 404-6
asura-han- 369
asva, 267, 411
Asvamedha, 410-11
Aśvinā/Asvins (see also Nasatyas), 213, 251, 296, 336, 337, 384, 413
Atharvaveda, 212, 235, 237,344, 371
Atithigva (see also Divodāsa), 207, 292, 327, 333
At-Tchapar, 306
Avesta, 209, 237, 238, 266, 270-72, 284, 294, 321, 371,
379, 400-403, 419 Older (see also Gathas), 271 Younger, 271, 272, 402
Avestan (language), 208, 210, 267, 294, 318, 329, 369, 400, 402
ayas, āyasi, 193, 234, 235, 236
axes, ceremonial, 281-2
azis dahako, 329
Bactria, 207, 211, 228, 283, 284, 287. 295, 297, 305-8, 310, 312, 318. 320
Bactrian camel, see camel, Bactnan
Baghdad, 252
Bahrain, 201
Balakot, 250
Balbutha Taruksa, 362, 363
Balu, 419
Baluch Makran, 252
Baluch traders, settlers, 252
Balūchistān, 183, 189, 191, 205, 219, 226-9, 232, 236, 244, 247, 249-53, 255, 261, 264, 266, 357
Banas valley, 214, 216, 219
Barsentes, 291
Basham, A.L., 234, 235, 246
Battle of the Ten Kings, 288, 329, 353-8, 366
Baudhayana Dharmasutra, 246
Belan valley, 220, 221, 280
Belvalker, 379
Bergaigne, 374
Bet Dwaraka, 200, 201, 202
Bhagwanpura, 182-3, 241
Bhalanas, Bhalanasah, 253, 265.
355, 357
Bhan, Suraj, 224
Bharadvāja family, 291
Bharadwaj, O.P., 224, 267-8, 269
Bhārata War, 203
Bhāratas, 356
Page 422
Bheda, 356
Bhrgus, 355
Bhujyu, 293
Bihar, 240
Bir-kot-ghwandai, 232
Biscione, 312
bitumen, 203
black metal, 235
Black Sea, 276
Boghazkoy, 280
Bolan Pass/River/Valley, 205, 219, 226, 228, 229, 231, 244, 253, 264, 357
Bopp, 273
Bos indie us, 248
Bos primogenius, 180
brahma-dvisah, 350
brahman, 196
Brāhmaṇas, 236, 246, 296-301, 371, 376, 380, 403
Brāhmaṇaspati, 337, 338, 395, 399 Brahmans, 163, 339, 346 brass, 236 Brbu, 362, 363
Brhaspati, 196, 293, 337, 360, 363
bricks, 233, 239, 241, 326
bronze, 234, 326
Bronze Age culture of Greater Iran, see Greater Iran, Bronze Age culture of
Brown, W. Norman, 374
Brugmann, 273
buffalo, 170
bull, Indian, 252
bull (in the Rigveda), 381, 388, 389, 393, 405, 407
bull-worship, 252
bulls, humped and short-horn, 170
burial/inhumation, 205, 212, 226,
227, 231, 238, 249, 316-17, 324, 325 tumuli, 322, 324, 325
Burnt Building, Hissar IIIB, 311, 312
Burrow, Thomas, 168, 282, 303
C-14 datings, 174, 186, 198, 217, 221, 250, 277, 278-9
camel, 170, 180, 183, 261-2 camel us dromedarius, 261-2 Bactrian, 205, 261 figurines, 227-29
Carbon-14 dating, see C-14 datings
Casal, 223
Caspian coast, 160
cattle, see cows
Cemetery H (of Harappā), 232 Centum languages, 273 ceramics (see also figurines; terracottas) 212, 215, 217, 228, 229, 231, 232, 238-42, 248-9, 251-2, 265 export of, 252
Chakrabarti, 241
Chanda, R.P., 192-3, 197
Chandoli. 246
Chanhu-dāro, 199
Chanhujo-dāro, 227
chariot warfare, 205 chariots, 205, 219, 351, 353 drawn by different animals, 251-3 spoked-wheel (see also wheel, spoked), 160-61 war-chariot, 234, 251-3
Chattopadhyaya, DebipRasād, 187-9, 192-3, 197
Chattopadhyaya, K.C., 269, 288, 335, 376-9, 401
Chaudhuri, Nirad, Continent of Circe, 166
Chedi, 239
Chilas, 282
China, 261, 321, 323
Chhandogya Upanishad, 236
Clark, Prof. J. Desmond, 220
Cleator, P.E., Lost Languages, 171 fn.
Constantini, 244
copper, 211, 234, 235, 326
copper buttons, 228
copper forts, 235, 298, 326
coppersmith's mould at Dwaraka,
202-3
cotton, 244-6
cows, 166, 170, 179, 187 drawing chariots, 251
Page 423
in the Rigveda, 187, 195, 196, 251, 346, 348, 351, 353, 363, 389, 412
cremation, 212, 238, 317
Cumuri, 330, 331, 333
Cyprus, 202
Dabar Kot, 228
Dabhiti, 329, 384
Dadheri, 182-3, 241
Dahae, Dahas, 206-7, 291-2, 320, 347, 365
Daha-, 206
dahyu-, 207
Daimabad, 215, 216, 219
daksinagni, 230
Dales, George F., 185, 186, 192, 198, 224, 248
Damb Sadat, 231
dams, 187, 189-91
Danava, 187, 334
Danu, 331, 334
Dàoi, 206
Darius, 209, 294, 314, 318, 319, 322 dark/black peoples, 175-6, 310, 334, 337-40, 346
darkness/Powers of Darkness, 175-6, 194, 195, 337-8, 346, 348-9, 351, 363, 364, 384
Darmesteter, James, 400 Dasa (etymology) (see also Dāsas), 346-49, 362
Dasa forts, see forts
Dasamiya, 283
Dāsas (Dasa-Dasyus, Dasyus), 165, 175, 195-7, 206-8, 211, 216, 282-5, 287, 290-92, 294, 296-7, 299, 302, 304-10, 313, 326-40, 346, 348-54, 356, 358-66, 369-70, 374, 376, 383-4, 386, 390-91, 406, 408
Dashly, 211, 227, 305-8, 310
Dasyave Vrka, 294
dasyu-/dahyu-, 207
Dasyus, see Dāsas
dasyuhan, dasyuhantama, 310
Dawn-goddess, 251
Dayananda, Swami Satyanarda, 158
De Sa, A.J.C.: criticism of The Problem of Aryan Origins \ 53-61 reply to the above, 168-78
de Selincourt, Aubrey, 319
demi-god, 409-10
Dereivka, 247
Desai, Or. B., 202
deus/devil, 166
devo/Devas, 165, 166, 309, 361, 367, 369, 371-2, 386, 391-3, 404, 414-16
dhenor, 389
Divodasa (Atithigva),286-92, 296, 304, 327, 336, 362, 364
divya jana, 328
donkey, see ass
dragon, see ahi
Dravidian language/culture, 153-4, 159, 164, 175, 177, 178, 294
Dravidian sun-god, 172
Dravidian Theories, by R.S. Aiyar, 177-8
Dravidians, 153, 158-62, 175, 177-8, 206, 346
Drbhika, 330, 332
Drsadvati, 238, 255
Druhyu(s), 355, 357
Duchesne-Guillemin, J., 262, 318
dvandva, 213, 401-3
Dwaraka, 200-203, 240
Dyala region, 252
Dyau(s), 345, 393-4, 416, 417, 419
Dzharkutan, 308
Early Dynastic period (in Mesopotamia), 252
Egypt, 244, 262
Elam, 251, 252
Elephantine papyri, 319
Encyclopaedia Britanmca, 264, 314, 316-17, 320, 323
Encyclopaedia of Religion and
Ethics, 314
Page 424
Epigraphical congress, Jabalpur 1986, 202
Ephedra, 210, 343
equus, 219, 220, 222, 279
Equus asinus, 248, 250
Equus caballus, 215, 216, 219, 230, 248, 250, 266
Equus hemionus, 248, 249
Eratosthenes, 206
etymology, 206-8, 210, 293-7, 375-80, 407
asura, 367-9, 375-6, 379
dasa, 206-7, 346-9, 362
dasyu, 207
Haumavarga, 209, 318-19
maya, 384-5, 388
pant, 207, 291-3, 346-9
Rasā/Ranhā, 284, 286
Saka, 320
Sambara, 296
Varuṇa, 395-6, 400-401
Vritra, 396
ewe (in the Rigveda), 345
Excavation at Mitathal and other explorations..., by S. Bhan, 224
Fairservis, W., 180 fn., 249
Falcon, 292-3, 303, 344
Falk, Harry, 210
Fergana/Ferghana, 209, 228, 229, 322, 325
Fig tree (Ficus religiosa), 293
figurines, 170, 227-30, 249, 419 camels, 227-9 horse, 171, 182, 183, 249, 419 horse-riders, 227-30
Finnish scholars, 162, 173
Finno-Ugrian, 270
fire-altars, 222, 223, 225, 233, 253-4, 308, 314, 319
fire-cult, 222, 254, 281, 308, 313-14
'fife-dogs', 228, 230
fire-temples, 307-8
floods/flood theory, 185, 187, 188, 199
forts, 197, 206, 282-3, 297-313, 325-9, 351-3
various epithets applied to, 197-8, 300, 304-5
Francfort, 307
Frye, Richard N., 269, 271, 272, 318, 319, 323-4
Gamkrelidze, Thomas V., 274-6
Ganga/Ganges/Gangetic valley, 163, 221, 236, 238, 250, 279, 283
gārhapatya, 230
Gathas, 237, 271, 272, 277, 402
Gautama Dharmasutra, 246
Gebr-bands, 189, 190, 192
Gedrosia, 291
Geldner, 289, 373, 418
Geoksjur style, 231
George, Dr. J.C., 218
Germanic languages, 274-5
Gershevitch, 209, 322
Ghalegay IV, 211, 212, 232, 235
Ghalegay V-VI, 212, 235
Ghirshman, 234
Giles, P., 281, 313
Gimbutas, Marija, 275, 276
goat, 220, 250, 251, 325 drawing chariot, 251
Gods as 'men', 417-18
gold, 233, 245, 271, 324, 346
Gomatī (= modern Gumal), 201, 284
Gonda, J., 341
Gordon, D.H., 235
Grassmann, 296
Greater Iran, 204, 205, 211, 221,
228, 230, 235, 311 Bronze Age culture of (see also Namazga V), 205, 207, 209, 215, 223, 224, 227, 229, 293, 295, 305-6, 308, 311
Greece, 271
Greek, 160, 270, 273-4, 292, 294, 295, 347, 400
Greppin, A.C., 243, 262, 264-6, 272, 275, 276
Griffith, Ralph T.H., 243, 256-8, 285, 289, 293, 301, 303-5, 328, 332-3, 337, 342-3, 350, 357, 360,
Page 425
367-70, 376 fn., 379-82, 387-9, 391, 394, 407 fn., 408-9, 411-13, 416
Gumal, see Gomatī
Gupta, 225
Gurgan plain, 248, 293-4
Hakra complex, 255
Hale, Wash Edward, 367-9, 372-6, 379-80, 388-9, 392-5, 400, 402-8, 410-11, 414-18
Hallur, 216, 219, 220
Hamp, Eric, 275
Han, M., 224
Haoma, 208, 210, 306, 310, 314,
315, 318, 319
Harahvaiti/Harakhaiti, 267-70, 291
Harappā, 174, 198, 192, 218, 222-4, 232, 261
Harappān culture, 169, 170, 172, 178, 182, 214, 216, 222, 223, 225, 226, 237, 238, 245, 246, 247, 251, 253, 254, 262, 263, 265, 266, 271, 366
Harappān Indo-Aryanism, 222-5, 253-4
Harappān language, 215, 223
Harappān religion, 178
Harappān seals, see seals
Harappān sites, 179, 180, 181, 183, 198, 224, 237, 246
Harmatta, J., 278
Hartz, Richard, 204 fn., 268, 298
fn., 320, 337-38 fn.
Haryana, 239, 240, 268 haššu, 368
Haumavarga/Haumawarga, 209,
313-25
hearths, ritual, 254
hemione (see also onager, ass, equus hemionus), 160-17.
hemp, 316-17
Herodotus (Histories) 206, 314-19, 322, 325
hieroglyphics, 171
Hillebrandt, 253, 291, 297, 344, 374
Hilmand Civilization, 231
Himalaya, 189, 313
himavantah, 313
Hindu /Sindhu, 267
Hindukush, 282, 284
hiranya, 235-6
Hissar, 234, 311
History to Prehistory ..., by G.R. Sharma, 220, 250, 278-80
Hittite, 273, 274, 368-9
Hlopina, 311
Hoffmann, 291
horse, 159-61, 166, 169-71, 179-84, 205, 208, 215, 216, 220, 221, 225, 230, 232, 234, 238, 243, 247-50, 264, 265, 276-8, 325, 419 bones, 159-61, 216-19 domestication, 247-9, 276-8 figurines and paintings, 171, 249, 419 in the Rigveda, 250-51, 346, 351, 353, 411 words for in various languages, 159-60, 264, 267
horse-cult, 277
horse-sacrifice by the Sakas, 315 in the Rigveda, 411, 412
horsemen, 249, 272, 277, 324 figurines at Pirak, 227-30 petroglyphs at Chilas, 282
Hsiung-nu, 321
Hungarian, 278
Hunter, G.R., 173
Hurkania, see Hyrcania
Hurrians, 275
Hut Grave culture, 323
hwmdt(= Haumadata), 319
hwn (= havan, mortar), 319
Hyderabad (Sind), 191
Hyrcania/Hyrcanians, 294-7
Ilibisa, 330, 331, 333
In Search of the Indo-Europeans..., by J.P. Mallory, 262, 324
India/Indian subcontinent, 157, 165-6, 176-8, 186-7, 197, 199, 201, 206, 208, 211, 214-16, 218-19, 221, 225-6, 230, 234, 236-7, 239-40, 248, 250, 255-7,
Page 426
259-60, 264, 266-7, 269-71, 278, 280, 283, 291-7, 305, 311-13, 322, 325, 329, 346, 351-2, 365-6
Indo-Aryan (language), 214, 223, 266-7, 269, 274, 278, 294
Indo-Aryan deities, 416
Indo-Aryanism/Indo-Aryans, 240-41, 260, 266-7, 278, 280-82, 308, 403 presence in Harappā Culture, 222-5, 253-5
Indo-European language(s) (see also Proto-Indo-European), 177, 215, 254, 256, 260, 262-76, 369 and Sanskrit, 272-7
Indo-Europeans, 263-4, 266, 271, 274-6
Indo-Hittite theory, 274
Indo-Iranian (language), 207, 214, 266, 269, 278, 400
Indo-Iranian religion, 269, 400, 403, 419
Indo-Irānians, 254, 266, 270, 276-7, 280, 312
Indra, 185, 192, 187-8, 192, 196, 199, 213, 255-8, 280, 285, 287-8, 290, 293, 297, 301, 305, 309-10, 320, 326-40, 344-5, 350, 353-8, 359-60, 362-4, 369-73, 383-4, 393, 400-401, 404-5, 407-10, 416 and Varuṇa, 354, 356, 395-8, 409 as asura, 380-82, 391, 410 hymns to, in the Rigveda, 377-8, 379-80, 388, 399
Indra- Agni, 213
Indra-Varuṇa, 354, 356, 409
Indus Civilization/Indus Valley Civilization, 153-4, 156, 160, 162, 174, 191, 194, 197, 205-6, 216, 221-5, 227, 230, 232-3, 237, 239, 244-6, 254-5, 257, 260, 265-6, 297, 326, 366 end of, 186, 199
Indus people, 366
Indus river (Sindhu, Hindu), 189-90, 191, 284
Indus script, 164, 184, 202
Indus tributaries, 284
Indus Valley, 179, 186, 203, 216,
222, 233, 236, 245-6, 250, 253-4, 266, 282-3, 287, 366
inhumation, see burial
inscription (in post-Harappān script), 201
invasion of India by Aryans, 156, 158, 160, 168-9, 172, 174-5, 178-9, 185-6, 188, 197-9, 203, 218, 225-6, 232-3, 240-41, 254-5, 259-60, 298, 306, 310, 322, 328, 351-2, 365-6 in Turkmenia, 311-12
Iran, 156-7, 166, 204, 223, 232, 264, 266, 270-72, 277, 280, 291, 312, 324, 347
Greater, see Greater Iran
Iranian (see also Avestan, Indo-Iranian), 207, 267, 269, 270, 292, 322, 368 Old, 206, 207, 294
Iranian plateau, 261, 271
Iranian religion, 282, 314, 419
Irānians, 266, 267, 269, 271, 277, 280, 281, 314, 321, 323
Iravati ( = modern Ravi), 283 iron, 183, 211, 234, 235, 238, 239, 412
Iron Age, 229, 236
Ispelanji, 228
istaka (see also bricks), 233
Ivanov, V.V., 274-6
Jakheran, U.P., 212, 242
jana, 328, 331fn.
Jarrige, Jean-François, 205, 226,
228, 231, 236, 244, 255, 257,
265, 279
jatavedas, 343
Jaxartes, 270, 284, 285
Jorwe culture, 215, 216, 219
Joshi, J.P., 241
Jumna, see Yamuna
Kachi plain (see also Pirak), 205,
227, 230, 236
KakŚivan, 411
Kalash Kafirs, 281, 282
Page 427
Kalibangan, 222-5.233, 253, 308
Karanja, 292-3, 332-3
Karasuk culture, 323
Karnataka, 216, 219
Karpāsa (see also cotton), 246
Karpāsa in Prehistoric India..., by K.D. Sethna, 244
Kati, 281
Katpalon/Kathpalon, 182-3, 241
Kavasa, 355, 357
Kazakhstan, 277, 323
Keith, A.B., 253, 288-9, 291, 333, 347, 362
Kekaya, 239
Khuzistan, 251
Khvalynsk, 277
Kikkuli's manual (see also Mitanni
documents), 212-14
Kile Ghul Mohammad (KGM), 248, 249
Kish, 252
Koldihwa, 220, 221, 250, 278, 279
Kosambi, D.D., 187, 188, 197
Kotri, 189
Krick, Hertha, 230
Krishna, 200, 203, 240
krsndyasa, 236
Krumu, 284, 285
Kubhā, 284, 285
Kuhn, I., 406
Kulitara, 331
Kulliware, 251, 252
kurgan 322, 324, 325
Kurgan hypothesis, 276
Kuru, 239
Kutlug-Tepe, 306
Lai, B.B., 171 fn., 199, 213, 216, 224, 225, 239, 244
Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C., 226
language/languages (see also individual languages and language groups), 159-60, 214, 215, 243-4, 273, 292, 375-80
Latin, 160, 234, 273-4, 295, 347, 365
lead, 234
Leemans, W.F., 245
Lithuanian, 160
loha, lohayasa, lohitāyas, 235-6
Lothal, 171, 174, 222, 237, 246, 308
Luders, 374
Macdonell, A.A., 196, 234, 245, 253, 288-9, 300, 313, 375, 400-401, 403, 413
Macdonell and Keith, Vedic Index..., 192, 253, 288
Mackay, 171 fn.
Madhyadesa, 268
Magadha, 239, 296
maghavan, 305, 410
Magian, 319
MahaBhārata, 200, 203, 236, 238, 239-40, 283
Mahadaha, 220
Mahadevan, Iravatham, 157, 162,
164, 172, 179, 184
Mahagara, 220, 221, 251, 278, 279 Mallory, LP., 262, 264, 272, 276, 277, 324
Malwa culture, 215, 216, 219
mantra, 176, 196, 350, 364, 417
Manu, 334, 383
mānuṣa-, 334, 418
Manusmriti, 236
Margiana, 206, 210, 211, 228, 305-7, 310, 312, 320
Margos (= modern Murghab), 206, 229
Marshal, Sir John, 245
marta, 364-5
martya, 364
Maruts, 289, 304, 326, 360, 361,
386-7, 394, 399, 405, 417
Massagetai, 321
Mausala Parva (of MahaBhārata), 200
maya, 195, 369, 370, 371, 383-91, 396, 408
Mayrhofer, Manfred, 253, 282, 296
mazda-, 402
Meadow, Richard H., 215, 216, 220, 221, 244, 250, 265, 279
The Meaning of Pur in Vedic Literature, by W. Rau, 299 fn., 302-5
Page 428
Mediterranean civilizations, 156
Mehantu, 284
Mehrgarh, 231, 232, 244, 248, 255, 257, 260, 261, 265, 266, 279 Mehrgarh VIII, 226, 227, 229, 230
Meir-Melikyan, Prof. N., 210
Mesopotamia, 156, 203, 210, 251, 252
Mesopotamian art, 180
metals, 233-6
Michael, H.N., 224
Middle Indo-Aryan, 214, 274
Misra, Dr. Satya Swarup, 214, 272, 276, 278
Misra, Haripriya, 274
Mitanni documents (see also Kikkuli's manual), 210, 214, 280-81
Mitannians, 179, 210, 212, 213, 281, 282, 313
Mithra, 271, 403
Mithra-Ahura, 419
Mitra, 301, 386, 392, 395, 403-5, 409
Mitra-Varuṇa, 213, 280, 360, 368, 371, 387, 392, 393, 401-3, 405, 415, 419
mogila, 322
Mohenjo-dāro, 160, 17C, 172, 174, 183, 188, 190-92, 194, 199, 206, 218, 222-4, 230, 237, 245, 252, 261
Monier-Williams, 264, 304, 410
Morgenstierne, Georg, 282
mortars, 319
mortuary practice (see also burial;
cremation), 323-5
Mother India, 159
mṛdhrá-vāc, 350
Mujavant, 344
mule, 183
Mundigak, 228, 231, 232, 250
Murghab, see Margos
Müller, Max, 164, 188, 286
Mutibas, 296
Mycenaean syllabary, 171
mysticism in the Rigveda, 175-7, 259, 340-49, 351, 352, 358-62, 364, 365, 385-400, 412, 417-19
Nagar, 182-3, 241
Namazga Culture Namazga III, 231 Namazga IV, 262 Namazga V, 205-7, 210, 211, 214, 215, 227, 234, 293, 295, 305, 306, 308, 311, 312, 320, 366 Namazga VI, 206, 211, 215, 227, 228, 311, 312
Namuci, 303, 327, 328, 332, 333, 369, 383.
nar-, 334, 418
Nasatyas, 213, 251, 280
Nausharo, 227
Navdatoli MI, 215
Nevasa, 246
Nighantu, 269, 409
ninety-nine ..., 283, 303-4, 327, 329, 332
Nirukta, see Yaska
Norman, K.R., 255-9, 272, 280
Nuristan/Nuristanis, 280, 281-2
Nuristani languages, 282
obstructors, 187, 360-62
oceans (in the Rigveda) 187, 396-7, 413-14
Okeanos, 286
Old Iranian, 206, 207
Oldenberg, 376
Omarges/Amorges, see
Amorges/Omarges onager, 160, 248, 249
oryza sativa (see also rice), 279
Ossetes, 210
Ouranos, 400-401, 403
Ovis vignei, 248
ox
drawing a chariot, 252 humped, 248
Oxus (Amu Darya), 206, 270, 284-5, 321
Painted Grey Ware (PGW), 212, 238-41
Pakistan Govt., excavations at Mohenjo-dāro, 190
Pakthas, 355, 357
Page 429
Pakthuns, 357
pana (= price), 194
Pānchāla, 239
Panchmukhi, R.S., 219
Pānini, 268
Pani (etymology), 207, 292-3, 346-9
Panis, 206, 207, 284, 285, 291-3, 295-7, 305, 340-50, 359, 362-3, 365, 397
Panjab, see Punjāb
Paravatas, 291
Parna Tree (Butea frondosa), 293
parna, 292
Parṇáya, 207, 293, 332-3
Parnoi/Parnians, 207, 284, 291-3, 347, 365
Parpola, Asko, 179, 183, 184, 204-16, 222-40, 242, 247, 253, 256-8, 261, 265, 267, 271, 281-4, 287-339 passim, 346, 348, 349, 352, 353, 362, 364-7, 369, 371-6, 379, 380, 383, 384, 392, 393, 395, 398, 414, 415 "Cracking the Indus Script", 179 fn., 181fn. "The Coming of the Aryans...", 204 ff.
Parthia, 207
Paruetae, 291
Paruṣṇī ( = modern Ravi), 283, 290, 353, 355, 357
Pasadyumna, 356
pavitra, 345
Pazyryk, 317
Periano Ghundai, 182, 249, 253
pernēmi, 291, 347
Persepolis, 206
Persepolis Treasury, 319
PGW, see Painted Grey Ware
Phillips, E.D., 317
Piggott, Stuart, 181 fn., 182, 189, 192, 233, 237, 249, 251, 253, 261
Pipru, 207, 329, 331-3, 370
Pirak, 205, 208, 226-9, 231, 236
Pit Grave (Yamna) culture, 247, 323, 324
Polyaenus (Strategemata), 318, 319
Pomponius Mela, 206
Possehl, G., 186
Potter, Simeon, 262
Prajapati, 376
Prasād B, 218
Pre-Harappān Cultures of India..., by S. Asthana, 225 fn., 231
The Problem of Aryan Origins, by K.D. Sethna criticism by A.J.C. de Sa, 153-67 reply to the above, 168-78
Proto-Aryan, 206, 266-7
Proto-Australoid, 346
Proto-Dravidian, 215, 223
Proto-Indo-Aryan, 282
Proto-Indo-European, 266, 282
Proto-Indo-Europeans, 263, 276-7
Proto-Iranian, 282
Proto-South Aryans, 208
Proto-Zoroastrians, 210
Ptolemy (Geography), 206
Pulindas, 296
Punjāb, 163, 182, 186, 212, 216,
238-41, 283 Pundras, 296
pur/pura (= nagara), 192, 196, 197
pur/purah, 298-305, 337 fn.
Puranas, 169, 200
Purukutsa, 283, 286-90, 326, 330, 335, 354
Puru, 338, 354, 355
Purus, 254, 283
Pusalker, A.D., 157, 347-8, 353
Pusan, 251, 296, 363, 394, 395
Q. Curtius Rufus, 206
Quetta, 227, 231, 293
radiocarbon dates, see C-14 datings
Raikes, Robert L., 191, 192
Rajasthan, 239, 240
Rajasthani chalcolithic culture, 214
rajatám hiranyam, 243, 264
Rakhigarhi, 224
Rakshasas, 299, 335
Ralph, E.K., 224
ram (in the Rigveda), 345
Rānā Ghundāī (RG), 182, 183
RGI, 247, 248, 249, 253 RG III, 249, 253
Page 430
Rangpur, 237
Ranhā, 284, 286
Rao, Dr. S.R., 174, 200-203
Rao, Dr. M.S. Nagaraja, 216
Rasā, 284-6, 362
Rau, Wilhelm, 299 fns., 300fn., 302-5
Ravi (see also Paruṣṇī), 366
religion
Aryan, 175-6, 269, 281
Avestan, 371
Dasa, 308-9
Harappān, 178
Indian, 175-7, 252
Indo-Aryan, 416
Indo-Iranian, 269, 400, 403, 419
Indo-European, 314
Iranian, 282, 314, 419
of Asuras, 366-7
Rigvedic/Vedic, 208-10, 230, 255, 299-300, 308, 309, 313-14, 352, 369-71, 395-99, 412 Saka, 314-17
Renfrew, Colin, 185, 254, 255, 257, 259, 260, 262, 263, 276, 337
Rgveda, see Rigveda
Ribhus, 360
rice, 236-8, 241, 242, 271, 279-80
Rigveda/Rgveda Saṁhitā (RS), 156, 163-5, 173, 175-6, 179, 192-6, 206-8, 211, 213-14, 233-8, 240, 242-3, 245-6, 251, 253-66, 269, 271-2, 276-7, 279, 281, 283-96, 300-307, 309-11, 313, 320, 325-419 passim late hymns, 374-80 Pada-Patha, 378
Rigvedic age, 233, 243, 262, 263, 281
Rigvedic language, see Sanskrit,
Rigvedic/Vedic
Rigvedic religion (see also mysticism in the Rigveda), 208-9, 230, 255, 299-300, 308-9, 313-14, 352, 369-71, 395-9
Rigvedics/Vedics (see also Aryans, Rigvedic/Vedic), 156, 168, 192, 197, 208, 226, 240, 245, 255-8,
261, 282, 308, 311, 313,
314, 317-19, 326, 329, 335, 337, 348, 350, 370, 373, 403
Rishis, 163, 165, 175-6, 193, 257, 259, 269, 289-90, 300, 301, 340-42, 351-3, 360-61, 364, 390, 398, 399, 412-13
rivers (in the Rigveda), 163, 187,
396-7, 413-14
Rjisvan, 329, 370
Rolle, Renate, 317
Ropar, 182-3
Ross, E.J., 248, 249
Royce, Keith, 220
Rudhikra(s), 330, 332
Rudra, 299, 367, 368, 390, 392, 394, 399, 405, 415
Rupen Sandar, 201 Russia, 157, 270, 321, 323
s>h, 267-70
Śabaras, 296
Sahni, M.R., 190-91, 192
Sahni, Rao Bahadur Dayaram, 245
sak, 320
Saka Haumavarga/Haumawarga, 283, 313-25, 365
Saka Paradaraya, 315, 321-2
Saka Tigrakhauda, 315, 321
Sakalya, 378
Sakas, 206, 315-25
Sakas, Haumavarga, see Saka Haumavarga
samba-, 296
Samara, 277
Sambara, 283, 296, 302-5, 312,
327-9, 331-3, 335-7, 364
samulya, 246
Sankalia, H.D., 171 fn., 182, 223, 233, 237, 238, 239, 246
Sanskrit, 159-60, 177, 243, 257, 264, 266, 268, 280, 282, 292, 294, 304, 320, 328, 362, 372, 407 and Indo-European, 272-6 Rigvedic/Vedic, 210, 212, 214, 262-4, 267, 269, 271, 272-6, 277-8, 294, 320, 340, 375-80
Santoni, 228, 236
Page 431
Sapalli Tepe, 227
Sarai-Nahar-Rai/Shari-Nahar-Rai, 221
Sarama, 285, 362-3
Sarasvati (goddess), 289-90
Sarasvati (river), 238, 255, 267-9,
291
Sarazm, 228
Sarianidi, 210, 308, 311
Sarmatians, 321, 323-4
Satem languages, 273
Satapatha Brāhmaṇa, 235, 297, 299, 301
satpati, 406, 410
satabhuji, 193, 300, 304-5
Sauma Aryans, see Aryans, Sauma
Savitar, 301
Sayana, 194, 258, 288, 302, 347, 398, 407
Sayu, 296
scarlet ware, 252, 253
Schleicher, 273 scripts
Brahmi, 202
Indus, 156, 184, 202
post-Harappān, 201
Scythians (see also Sakas), 314-17, 319-21, 323-5
Sea God, temple at Dwaraka, 201
seals, 157, 161, 170-75, 178-82, 202, 215, 216, 219, 223, 228, 229, 234, 237 animals depicted on, 170, 179-81 of late Indus type at Dwaraka, 202
stamp seals, 182
Segerstedt, 374
Sehwan, 191, 192
Seistan, 228
Semites, 160
Sewell, S., 218
Shaffer, J.G., 240, 241, 263, 265, 337
Shah Tepe, 160, 196, 293
Shahdad, 223
Shahr-i-Sokhta, 228, 231
Sharma, G.R., 220, 222, 250, 278-80
sheep, 220, 248, 250, 325
Shukla, S.P., 419
Shurabashat, 228 Sialk B, 282
Sibri Damb, 226, 227, 229, 230
sigrus, 356, 357
silk, 246
silver, 233-5, 237, 242-4. 264-5, 271,
276, 277, 324 Simyu, 354
Sind, 170, 186, 189-91, 206, 208, 219, 226, 227, 229, 230, 252, 261, 366
Sindes, 207
sindhu (river/sea), 413-14 Sindhu (= modern Sind), 208 Sindhu (= modern Indus), 284, 285, 413
Sindhu-Sauvira, 239
Siswal culture, 241
Śiva, 297, 298, 299
Śivas, 355
smoking outfit, 317
Sogdiana/Sogdians, 228, 321
Soma, 187, 208, 210, 233, 256, 258, 285-6, 292-3, 306, 308, 309-10, 313-16, 318, 327, 329, 332, 336, 337, 343-6, 356, 359, 360, 363, 365, 372-3, 382, 383, 390, 391, 412, 418
Somarudra, 405
Soma, the Divine Mushroom of
Immortality, by G. Wasson, 344
Son valley, 220
Soviet archaeologists, 209
spoked wheel, see wheel, spoked
Srbinda, 330
Sri Aurobindo, 158, 159, 164, 165, 175, 187, 193, 194, 196, 284, 339-40, 342, 343, 345-50, 358-65, 370, 384-90, 395-9, 401, 407-9, 411-14, 417, 419
Sri Aurobindo Ashram, 159
Srivastava, K.M., 185, 197
Srnjaya people, 291
Stacul, 232
Stein, Sir Aurel, 189
stirrup, 324
Strabo, 207
Strednij Stog culture, 247, 248, 250
Page 432
Studia Orientalia, 204
Sudas, 163, 283, 286-90, 329, 330, 353-8, 366
Sudras, 339
Sughdha (Sogdiana), 321
Sukkur, 189
sukra, 243, 340
Sumer, 156, 245, 252
sun symbols in early writing, 171-2
sura, 375-6
Surkotada, 170, 175, 183, 196
Sūrya, 286, 310, 336, 337, 360
Susa, 251, 252
Susartu, 284
Susna, 327, 331-4
Sutudri, 357
Suvāstu (= modern Swat), 283, 290
Svasna, 332
sveta, 243, 340
Svetya, 284
Swar, 195, 348-9, 407
Swat river/valley, 211, 212, 219, 226, 232, 283, 322, 325
śyāmāyas, 235-6
Syr Darya (Jaxartes), 284
Syria, 157, 202, 211
Tabiti-Hestia, 314, 318
Tacitus, 207
Tagar culture, 323
Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, 236
Taittirīya Saṁhitā, 152, 299, 344
Tamil, 177, 347
Targitaus, 322
tarpya, 246
Tashkent, 209, 322, 325
terracottas, 170
Tepe Hissar, 227, 293
Thapar, B.K., 224, 240
tiger, 237, 242
Tilak's theory, 158, 159
Timber Grave culture, 209, 323
tin, 234
Togolok-21, 210, 211, 233, 306-8, 310
Tonyuquq inscription, 321
Trasādasyu, 283, 286-90, 330, 408, 409-10
Tripathi, Dr. Vibha, 239
triple fort, 297-305
triplicity, 300-304
Tripolye, 261, 264
tripura, 297-302, 306
Trita, 329
trivrsan/trivṛṣṇa, 406-7
Tṛṣṭāmā, 284
Trtsus, 354-8
trumpets, 205, 233
Tryaruna, 406-8, 410
Tureng Tepe, 293
Turkestān, 261, 264
Turkey, 157
Turkmenia/Turkmenistan, 227, 231, 232, 262, 305, 311, 312
Turvasa Purodas, 355
Ugarit (Syria), 201
unicorn, 179-80
University of Pennsylvania, excavations at Mohenjo-dāro, 190-91
Upanishads, 246, 340, 375
Ur, 245
Uralic languages, 278
Urarja, 329, 332
Uttar Pradesh/U.P., 239, 240
Vadhryasva, 289-90
vajra, 196
Vaksu (Oxus), 284
Vala, 196, 332
Valakhilya, 295, 397-8
Vamadeva, 414
Vangrda, 332-3
Varcin, 207-8, 330, 332, 333, 370
Varin, 282
Varkana, 294
varna, 339-40
Varuṇa (see also Indra-Varuṇa, Mitra-Varuṇa), 282, 301, 329, 353, 356, 357-8, 387-8, 395-404, 409, 416, 417, 419 as Asura, 366-73, 381, 386, 390-91 hymns to, in the Rigveda, 398-400
Vasistha, 356, 397
Vasus, 404
Page 433
Vayu, 360, 362
Veda, 165-6, 176, 246, 269, 409, 413
Vedic deities, 210, 412
Vedic geography, 163-4
Vedic Index of Names and Subjects, Macdonell & Keith, 192, 253, 288
Vedic language, 267, 269
Vedic literature, 166, 186, 212, 234, 245-6, 254, 299, 302, 306, 311, 370, 377
Vedics, see Aryans, Rigvedic/Vedic; Rigvedics/V edics
Vendīdād, 270, 284, 286
Venkatarama, Radha: "The Sunken Treasures of Dwaraka", 200 fn.
Videvdat, 270, 271, 321
Vindhyas, 250, 279
visah, 334
Visanins, 355
Visnu/Vishnu, 337, 394, 395, 398, 399, 400
Visvadeva hymns in the Rigveda, 377
VisVakarman, 414
Visvamitra, 418
von Bradke, 374
von Roth, 339
von Schroeder, 374
votive jar (found at Dwaraka), 201
vrka, 293-7
Vrfcarfvaras/Vrikadvaras, 293-5
Vrtra/Vritra, 187, 188, 193, 196, 303, 327, 328, 331, 332, 334-7, 354, 358, 373, 374, 384, 394, 397
Vrtras/Vritras, 303, 348, 356, 358, 395
Vyarhsa, 329, 332, 333
Wackernagel, 294, 380 fn.
war-chariot, see chariots
Wasson, Gordon, 3, 4
waters (in the Rigveda), 195, 327, 329, 335, 336, 348-9, 351, 357, 395-8, 413-14, 417
ocean, oceans and rivers, 187, 396-7, 413-14
weapons, symbolic, 196-7
weavers and weaving, 245-6
Weist, 379
wheel
solid, 253
spoked, 157, 160, 161-62, 171-2, 173-5, 247, 253 wheeled vehicles, 251
Wheeler, Sir Mortimer, 170, 183,
185, 206, 230 fn., 246, 261, 262,
297
Whitney, 418
Williams, Dr. M.A.J., 220
wine, 315-16, 412
winged disk, 319
Winternitz, M., 262
Witzel, 253
wolf, 293-7
wool, 245, 246
Wüst, 253, 294
Xerxes, 206, 209
Yajurveda Saṁhitās, 264, 344, 371, 378
Yaksus, 356
Yamna culture (see also Pit Grave
culture), 247
Yamuna, 163, 283, 290, 354, 356, 357, 358
YarimTepe, 311, 312
Yaska, 193-4, 283, 288
Yaz complex, 228
Yenisei, 323
Zarathustra, 270, 271, 402
Zarathustrianism/Zoroastrianism, 210, 271
Zeuner, Frederick, 249
Zimmer, 344
Page 434
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