... the attitude of “appeasement”, had worn out. By now Chamberlain understood – and his government colleagues as well as the House of Commons had made him understand – that Hitler had tricked him. Great Britain and France both warned Hitler that this time they would not take any further aggressive action lying down. On 2 September they warned him by ultimatum that he had to withdraw his invasion force... gone so well that he became nervous and feared it might turn sour; etc. Given the military situation, with the hundreds of thousands of enemy soldiers inescapably trapped, and the fact that for Great Britain the continuation of the war depended on these troops, the real reason of Hitler’s decision – possibly combined with one or other of the elements aforementioned – may have been Göring’s eagerness... Brauchitsch instructed his military staff, to their astonishment, to prepare the plans for what would become Operation Barbarossa. Churchill. Hitler did not invade England and neither did Great Britain collapse, as was generally expected. The reason was one man: Winston Churchill, who had become Prime Minister on 10 May, the very day of the German attack. “In Churchill Hitler found something more ...
... dilute certain proposals aimed at creating a beginning of European political union. In 1963 he opposed the entry of Great Britain into Europe, on considerations which according to Monnet were "finally secondary". Monnet had worked a lot for Page 46 the integration of Great Britain into Europe. He knew her ambiguities vis-a-vis the project but, we said it already, he was an optimist, or rather... position. His family, it was sad, ran a firm selling cognac, the famous brandy of that name To the slightly surprised French prime Minister he developed the following arguments: France and Great Britain are engaged in war each on its own, The equipment necessary for each army is purchased separately. It results in a great wastage of time and resources. The Allies are competing with each other... goods on the Australian and Argentinean markets. Monnet was instrumental in setting up the Wheat Executive which was to be responsible for the purchasing, sharing and shipment of grain between Great Britain, France and Italy. Then the submarine blockade enforced by the Germans had a terrible effect on the Allied supplies, especially for France because part of her territory was in enemy hands so that ...
... of its textiles, 70 percent of its iron and steel, 70 percent of its electric power and 40 percent of its timber. A prosperous industrial nation was split up and bankrupted overnight.” 1105 Great Britain and France had omitted to defend Czechoslovakia, although they were in honour bound to do so by their international treaties. Moreover, as Field Marshal von Manstein would later explain: “If war... sustained a total and unmitigated defeat … Silent, mournful, abandoned, broken, Czechoslovakia recedes into the darkness … We are in the midst of a disaster of the first magnitude which has befallen Great Britain and France … And do not suppose that this is the end. It is only the beginning of the reckoning.” 1108 Sri Aurobindo and the Mother condemned the Munich Agreement outright. A “corrupt” France... diabolical cunning in his eyes was looking at Chamberlain, who looked like a fly before a spider on the point of being caught – and he actually was caught.” 1111 Sri Aurobindo explained the role Great Britain had played in Germany’s military recovery. “It was England who thrust Germany into power. She saw that France was getting powerful in Europe after the war [i.e. the First World War]. As is her usual ...
... Mother, a French subject, of influencing Sri Aurobindo and turning him from his nationalist path towards the Allies. The second occasion was the Cripps Offer, also called the Cripps Proposals. Great Britain, fully engaged in its life-or-death struggle with the Powers of the Axis, wanted to make sure that India, its ‘Jewel in the Crown,’ would be unreservedly on its side. Therefore on 11 March 1941... that does not matter at all … My ardent request to India is that it should not reject it. She must not make the same mistake that France has made recently [when refusing a close confederation with Great Britain] and that has plunged her into the abyss.’ 38 Sri Aurobindo and the Mother sent Duraiswamy to New Delhi in order to plead for acceptance of the proposals with the leaders of the Congress... way out for them unless Dunkirk can hold on or if they can rush through the gap from the French line,’ 47 said Sri Aurobindo. This was a crucial situation, for, if the B.E.F. was eliminated, Great Britain would be practically defenceless and Hitler, without much additional effort, would have become the Master of Europe and, according to Sri Aurobindo, possibly of the world. ‘Inwardly, he [Sri ...
... Resolution In March 1940, the fifty-third session of the Congress met at Ramgarh in Bihar under the presidency of Mulana Azad. It passed a resolution on 20 March declaring that since Great Britain Page 95 was waging the war essentially for imperialist ends and for the preservation and strengthening of her own empire, India could not in any way, directly or indirectly... degradation of the coloured peoples to helotry as an inferior, even a subhuman race. Hitler, carrying with him everywhere the new idea and the new order, is now master of almost all Europe minus Great Britain and Russia. There would be then nothing that could stand in his way except Russia; but Russia has helped his projects by her attitude and Page 98 seems in no mood to... possibilities and menacing consequences. What is there that can prevent them from coming into realization? The only material force that now stands between is the obstinate and heroic resistance of Great Britain and her fixed determination to fight the battle to the end. It is the British Navy alone that keeps the war from our gates and confines it to European lands and seas and a strip of North Africa ...
... anxiously following the day-to-day developments in Western Europe. There everything depended on the decision to be taken by Great Britain, under threat of an eventual invasion by Germany. If Winston Churchill had not become the premier of Great Britain, a peace settlement between Great Britain and Germany would have been a distinct possibility and the future of the world might have become quite different. ...
... unity a physical barrier or line of division sufficiently strong to be the base of conflicting economic interests,—as in that which divides Belgium and Holland, Sweden and Norway, Ireland and Great Britain. In the case of Ireland, the British rulers not only did nothing to bridge over or dissolve this line of economic division and counteract the sentiment of a separate body, a separate physical country... nationality. A similar non-interference, apart from the minor problem of the Highland clans, has resulted in a still more rapid fusion of the Scotch race with the English. There is now in the island of Great Britain a composite British race with a common country bound together by the community of mingled blood, by a settled past association in oneness, by geographical necessity, by a common political and economic... fresh strength and encouragement by the practical working out of the federative principle in the reorganisation, which one day may become inevitable, of the colonial empire hitherto governed by Great Britain on the basis of Home Rule without federation. 3 The peculiar circumstances both of the national and the colonial formation and expansion of the races inhabiting the British Isles have indeed ...
... degradation of the coloured peoples to helotry as an inferior, even a subhuman race. Hitler, carrying with him everywhere the new idea and the new order, is now master of almost all Europe minus Great Britain and Russia. [Faced with the stubborn opposition of Britain he is turning southwards and if the plan attributed to him of taking Gibraltar and the Suez Canal and forcing the British fleet out of... possibilities and menacing consequences. What is there that can prevent them from coming into realisation? The only material force that now stands between is the obstinate and heroic resistance of Great Britain and her fixed determination to fight the battle to the end. It is the British Navy alone that keeps the war from our gates and confines it to European lands and seas and a strip of North Africa... more obvious external considerations which have taken form in Sri Aurobindo's contribution to the War Fund accompanied by his letter. It is a simple recognition of the fact that the victory of Great Britain in this war is not only to the interest of the whole of humanity including India, but necessary for the safeguarding of its future. If that is so, the obligation of at least a complete moral support ...
... that, according to Sri Aurobindo, Hitler had “a fifty per cent chance” of winning the war. France had collapsed, and Great Britain stood alone to confront an apparently invincible enemy, practically without defence after Dunkerque, except for its naval fleet. Moreover, Great Britain suffered defeat after depressing defeat, and was bombed relentlessly by the Luftwaffe, London on seventy-five consecutive... to a crucially important phase in the history of the 20th century and of humanity. In chapter 17 I had written: “Hitler did not invade England [after the surrender of France] and neither did Great Britain collapse, as was generally expected. The reason was one man: Winston Churchill … ‘In Churchill Hitler found something more than an antagonist. To a panic-stricken Europe the German dictator had ...
... mould their political conduct. Great Britain, inasmuch as the King is entitled the Defender of the Faith, implies reference not only to God but also to a particular brand of religion, and yet in actual working she is without any political bias prompted by the Established Protestant Church. If by secularity we mean all omission of the idea of God, Great Britain is a theocratic State. If we mean... mean lack of religious favouritism, then she is certainly secular. India is at present secular like France and the U.S.A. rather than like Great Britain. But she is very far indeed from being secular in the Soviet sense. And even as compared to France and the U.S.A., she is more secular in principle than practice, for, while there is a strong irreligious strain among the individuals who compose France ...
... important oil fields in the Middle East and at the heart of the British colonial empire, while securing a strong foothold in Turkey, on the southern threshold of Russia. It intended to challenge Great Britain also on the seas. In step with “the enormous German economic upswing” (Fischer) grew its hardly less considerable self-esteem, which might also be called Prussian arrogance or conceit. Haffner... merchants, the busiest bankers, penetrating every continent, financing the Turks, flinging out a railroad from Berlin to Baghdad, gaining the trade of Latin America, challenging the sea power of Great Britain, and in the realm of the intellect systematically organizing, under the concept of Wissenschaft , every branch of human knowledge. They were deserving and capable of mastery of the world. Rule ...
... rush of German victory almost immediately arrested and the tide of war begin to turn in the opposite direction.’ But the danger was far from averted. If Hitler had gone on with the invasion of Great Britain immediately after the surrender of France, nothing could have thwarted him anymore, according to Sri Aurobindo. ‘Hitler had his chance after the fall of France. If he had at once attacked then,... Sri Aurobindo at first thought he had found ‘the man of destiny’ in Hore-Belisha, the British Secretary of War from 1937 to 1940 who, in the spring of 1939, had introduced general conscription in Great Britain. But then Winston Churchill rose to his true stature. There is evidence that Winston Churchill was directly inspired by Sri Aurobindo and the Mother. When A.B. Purani spoke with praise about ...
... ‘It was not possible for them to go to India,’ writes Pournaprema, ‘but the circumstances arranged themselves so that they could go to Japan.’ 6 In the First World War Japan was an ally of Great Britain and therefore of Great Britain’s allies, including France. Paul Richard received a commission to promote the export of French products in China and Japan, as the following letter dated 28 February... November the Italian ocean liner Ancona had been torpedoed and sunk, both with huge losses of civilian life. A favoured hunting ground of the German submarines was the Channel, between France and Great Britain, and this was the stretch of water the Richards had to cross in order to reach Britain and then embark on a voyage all the way around South Africa towards the East, for the Suez Canal was closed ...
... which naturally appeals to the British, has led them into a serious blunder, in producing a constitution envisaged in the Government of India Act of 1935. We find that the most leading statesmen of Great Britain, saturated with these notions have in their pronouncements seriously asserted and expressed a hope that, the passage of time will harmonise the inconsistent elements in India. A leading... majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built up for the government of such a state. History has presented to us many examples such as the Union of Great Britain and Ireland, Czechoslovakia and Poland. History has also shown to us many geographical tracts, much smaller that the sub-continent of India, which otherwise might have been called on country but ...
... cannot be Europe but a country of Europe which is called a 'nation'. India cannot be classed with Europe, but Great Britain, for example, can be mentioned for comparison. Britain is a homogeneous country or nation. Its collective being has a separate living individuality. As in Great Britain there are Scotland, Wales and England, so in India the separate states like Bengal, Maharashtra and the Punjab ...
... seed of Hindu-Moslem dis- unity was sown in Bengal, and under what benign auspices! History perhaps records no more brazen confession, which is a virtual self-indictment, of one who was sent by Great Britain to preside over the destinies of over three hundred million people of a very ancient and cultured nation. Soon after the publication of the Risley Letter, to which we have already referred... Chandra Pal Page 211 trend of his speeches in England during 1908-11 was his attempted reconciliation of the highest National aspirations of Indians with the Imperial system of Great Britain." 73 It was a rather regrettable climb-down in a leader of his stature and calibre, and it ended in a total collapse, when he opposed the non-cooperation movement of Mahatma Gandhi at Bansal ...
... entire completion by the most violent and perverse errors of statesmanship, the same cannot be said of the swifter, but still gradual and almost unconscious process by which the colonial empire of Great Britain has been evolving to a point at which it can become a real unity. It was not so long ago that the eventual separation of the colonies carrying with it the evolution of Australia and Canada at least... together of the world by physical Science, the resulting tendency towards larger aggregates, changed political world conditions and the profound political, economic and social changes towards which Great Britain has been moving, all the conditions now are altered and it is easy to see that the fusion of the colonial empire into a great federated commonwealth or something that can plausibly go by that name ...
... World-State would probably no more find it possible to tolerate the continuance of certain nations as capitalist societies, itself being socialistic in major part, than a capitalist—or socialist—Great Britain would tolerate a socialist—or capitalist—Scotland or Wales. On the other hand, if all nations become socialistic in form, it would be natural enough for the World-State to coordinate all these separate... State naturally tends to establish one language as the instrument of all its public affairs, its thought, its literature; the rest sink into patois, dialects, provincial tongues, like Welsh in Great Britain or Breton and Provenҫal in France; exceptions like Switzerland are few, hardly more than one or Page 503 two in number, and are preserved only by unusually favourable conditions. It ...
... able to develop its agricultural and technical education and intensification of productiveness, would find a greater advantage in sharing the movement of the commerce of Great Britain than in isolating itself, even as Great Britain would profit more by an agreement with such an Ireland than by Page 542 keeping her a poor and starving helot on her estate. Throughout the world, the idea and ...
... principles work out, can be seen by the example of Russia itself which is now prominently before our eyes. Russia has never been a nation-State in the pure sense of the word, like France, Spain, Italy, Great Britain or modern Germany; it has been a congeries of nations, Great Russia, Ruthenian Ukraine, White Russia, Lithuania, Poland, Siberia, all Slavic with a dash of Tartar and German blood, Courland which... sheds lurid lights on the still existing darker possibilities of human nature. × Now we must say Great Britain and Ireland, for the United Kingdom exists no longer. × Note from this point of view the disastrous ...
... tough and dangerous explorer’s life. He caught yellow fever and died in a Brazilian harbour town, about to board a ship to his homeland. After four years in the rain forest, Wallace returned to Great Britain in August 1852. As bad luck would have it, highly flammable natural lacquer called balsam of capivi in the ship’s cargo caught fire. “After its long stew in the tropical sun the old ship was as... Robert Owen, wanted to collaborate towards a better world. One should keep in mind the grey, miserable masses of the “proletariat” in the shanty towns of the industrial revolution, especially in Great Britain but not only there. Wallace was concerned about the Earth and humanity as a whole, this special species with qualities far superseding those of its nearest relatives in the evolutionary tree of ...
... Dolomites, but two centuries ago little was known about the scientific knowledge of the Florentine.) Lamarck also noted that the same fossils were found in the same sedimentary strata of France and Great Britain. He concluded correctly that both land masses had been connected in a far past, but that they had been separated afterwards by changes in the sea level. Systematizing this branch of his newly gathered... (Napoleon took a platoon of scientists with him on his military expedition to Egypt.) But the historical context had also its negative consequences for the acceptance of that science, especially in Great Britain, and for the differences in the scientific approach between the Anglo-Saxon countries and France up to this day. God or Nature The existence of God, from unquestioned, became ever more ...
... undergone in England itself. Krishna Dhan was not deterred by all this. In 1879 he took his pregnant wife, his three sons of twelve, nine and seven, and their younger sister Sarojini on a voyage to Great Britain. A friend, the British magistrate of Rangpur, had given him the address of an excellent person to look after the boys: the Reverend William H. Drewett, Congregational minister at Manchester. And... who would play an important role in Aurobindo’s life: his youngest brother Barindra Kumar, or Barin for short. The reader may recall that Swarnalata was pregnant during the stay of the Ghoses in Great Britain in 1879. Barin was born in Upper Norwood, a suburb of London, in January 1880. His youth up to his tenth year or so had been extremely miserable as his mother, with whom he was staying in Deoghar ...
... the British plotted in the creation of Pakistan for furthering their own interest in total disregard of historical and geo-political imperatives. He writes: "With her economy in doldrums Great Britain was bound to find it difficult to hold on to her empire. This was further aggravated by a top secret signal sent by the Viceroy, Lord Wavell that Britain could no longer depend on the Indian Armed... Page 131 to the conclusion after the Indian National Army trials, which was followed by the Naval Mutiny. Having decided that she could not hold onto India, Great Britain then decided that she had to retrieve her losses to the maximum degree as possible. The obvious was that first she must find out ways and means as to how she could get out of paying the surplus ...
... countrymen and adjures them to rally round him. June 22, 1940 — Surrender of the French. March 11, 1941 — Lend-Lease Act: this famous law gives President Franklin Roosevelt the authority to aid Great Britain with ships and other war materials in its war with Nazi Germany. December 7, 1941 —Japanese attack on the American forces in Pearl Harbor. November 8, 1942 — Allies' landing in North Africa... the European economic community. 1958 — De Gaulle, President of France. 1961-1962 — Presentation and failure of projects of treaty on European political cooperation. 1973 — Denmark, Great Britain and Ireland join Europe. 1979 — First election of the European parliament by direct universal franchise. 1981 — Greece joins Europe. 1992 — Signature of the Maastricht Treaty which led ...
... plan work ?' someone asked. 'If necessary,' he said, 'we shall go ahead with only two.' The British would have been left in no doubt about his determination if he had not added: 'As regards Great Britain, if there is not 100% participation, there can be association compatible with her structure and her economic ideas.' This overture was unwise, for experience has taught me that it is not a good... disturbed me most was the uncertainty I observed in many European statesmen who were perplexed by these British moves. 'Can we afford to let slip this last chance of Page 120 enlisting Great Britain ?' they asked each other. One of them was the French Socialist leader, Guy Mollet, whom I found greatly unnerved. 'We are heading for a European schism,' he kept saying. In reality, he was thinking ...
... willing to give them a free hand in their dealings with the people of the country. Had it been otherwise—had the British taxpayer been guided by considerations other than those of advantage to Great Britain to take an intelligent interest in Indian affairs the Sphinx would have found himself bound to speak. Yet to these people our deluded Moderate friends must go and spend the money of poverty-stricken ...
... essentials of autocratic rule, absolute control over legislation, over the executive, over the finances, will in no way be relaxed except under dire necessity. This is the traditional policy of Great Britain when faced with such a situation as now exists in India and it is the policy we may expect to see in play for the next few years if Mr. Morley remains at the India Office. How far it will succeed ...
... organisation for world government before such a secret could be indiscriminately shared. He wanted it for the time being to remain with the original manufacturers of the Atom Bomb: the United States, Great Britain and Canada A Mind Intuitively Plastic Einstein's mind moved easily through complexities and arrived at the living truth in each particular. It was intuitively plastic. A homely ...
... Eugène Ysayë, born in Belgium at Liège in 1858, studied not only at the Liège Conservatoire but also at Paris and from 1918 to 1922 conducted the Cincinnati Orchestra, made several tours of Great Britain, the last in 1923, eight years before he died, and won sufficient international fame. My idols in violin-performance were Kubelik, Kreisler and more directly Heifetz whom I, along with Lalita ...
... point of most of us, what is most baffling of all is the constant references to the charisma or mystique or particular charm of Hitler. From the point of view of anyone in my country, or I think in Great Britain, who had the experience of seeing motion pictures of Hitler or of hearing him on the radio, and of reading the things he wrote, it was totally incomprehensible. How could anyone find a particular ...
... shape again in the still expanding European Union. One of its numerous problems is a search for identity by its member nations and peoples. What does France represent as such? And Germany? And Great Britain? And Italy? And Poland? And Spain? … What makes each nation different from the others? 23 And what makes Europe special in the concert of the continents? No doubt the golden thread running through ...
... an anglophile who saw to it that in his house no Bengali but only English and a smattering of Hindustani were spoken. He had great ambitions for his sons and sent, in 1879, the three eldest to Great Britain. There Aravinda should study to prepare his entrance examination to the Indian Civil Service (ICS), the highest and highly valued position an Indian could attain under the colonial regime. At first ...
... influence over large numbers of men”: Benito Mussolini had marched on Rome in 1922 and Adolf Hitler had become the hero of a sedition trial in 1924; fascism raised its pompous head everywhere, also in Great Britain and the United States, and violence was seen as becoming of manhood, as the expression of the reality of life. Had the knowledge of the physical world increased so much that, in 1925, it was ...
... gained fame as poets in Bengali; Pujalal, who wrote in Gujarati, etc. And there was the phenomenal Nirodbaran, worth some special consideration. Nirodbaran had obtained his medical certificate in Great Britain from the University of Edinburgh. He heard for the first time of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother in a meeting with Dilip Kumar Roy in Paris. He visited Pondicherry in 1930 and had an interview with ...
... into the conceptual sphere of science.” 8 Even after the impact of the first shockwave, though, “Christian commitment was not the exception but the rule … Most of the leading scientists of Great Britain retained a Christian commitment.” (A.N. Wilson 9 ) In a thunderstorm lightning strikes only after clouds have gathered, and one strike does not exhaust the storm. Revolutions are a sudden discharge ...
... quite possible that he spent some time with Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-91) in Egypt, as the Mother remembered him telling her, to found an occult society. Blavatsky travelled from Egypt via Great Britain to America in 1873, and possibly Bimstein was in London in the same year. ‘London [at that time] was the haven of people claiming to be priests of Isis, students of the Kabbalah, friends of the ...
... enigmatic customs of their hosts. In November 1912 Mirra met one of them: the Sufi mystic and musician Inayat Khan (1882-1927). He had travelled with his ‘Royal Musicians of Hindustan’ from India to Great Britain at the beginning of that year and crossed over to France in September. Although ‘the French capital in 1912 was awash with Orientalism or what was taken for it,’ 32 Indian music was still an ...
... the Germans were to become the masters of the earth; they would avenge on France the humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles (he entertained the same irrational hopes for an understanding with Great Britain as the German leadership before the Great War); the protagonist of the Aryan race, the Jew, had to be discarded in one way or another. But now Hitler dared to express what could only have drawn ...
... passed through the völkisch and disciplined life of the Artamanen, for instance Walter Darré, leading SS-ideologist and Hitler’s Minister of Agriculture, and Martin Bormann, after Hess’ flight to Great Britain as Hitler’s private secretary one of the most powerful and dangerous men in the Third Reich. Bormann’s wife Gerda, a fanatical Nazi, wrote: “He [her husband] divided all the people in three groups: ...
... the Provost. Each became Vice-Chancellor by rotation. Newcastle-Upon-Tyne is now a separate University. The then Warden of the Durham section, Sir James Duff, a very well-known educationist in Great Britain, was a member of the University Education Commission appointed by the Government of India, of which Prof. S. Radhakrishnan was the Chairman. Aravinda Basu had been there since 1953 as Spalding ...
... 3, 1958, p. 137 ff. × Mother had already told Satprem many years earlier that the island of Great Britain was destined to disappear underwater. It is indeed remarkable that English experts made the following observation, as reported in India's Sunday Standard of January 20, 1974: "London has become ...
... again the mountain resisted them all. Until, in May of 1953, a stub born, lanky Hew Zealander, Edmund Hillary, and his stocky, brave companion, the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, planted the flags of Great Britain, Nepal and India on the earth's highest peak. Nearly thirty years later, a young mountaineer from Italy's Tyrolean Alps gazed up at that same peak. By then Everest had been "conquered" by ...
... Morecroft live with their family in Coventry, north of London. Dave Morecroft was born here, and today he supervises sports programmes for the children of Coventry. Dave Morecroft is esteemed in Great Britain. He is admired for his devotion to children, and for one magnificent day in July of 1982. On this day in Oslo, Dave Morecroft won the 5000 meters in world record time, running the distance nearly ...
... is wrong in laying down such conditions. The Government is not going to submit to it. What they really intend to give is some form of Dominion Status as in Ireland, where India will be linked to Great Britain and not go over to any foreign power against her, as she can if she is independent. The British want to keep India with them and slowly and gradually release power from their hands, expecting that ...
... the annoyed Yorkshirewoman, "take away the fowl and let the fool remain." 15 Ex. 2: At a dinner of artists and literary men, a poet wittily proposed the toast of "The painters and glaziers of Great Britain!" coupling it with the name of a famous artist. The toast having been duly honoured, the artist returned thanks. It was now his turn to propose a toast and he neatly retaliated on the Page ...
... teaching literacy, which sought to challenge the basic concepts that dominated education and culture in the slums and villages of Latin America. Pedagogy of the Oppressed was first published in Great Britain by Sheed and Ward in 1972. Many people today are writing and thinking about education in radical terms. Ivan D. Illich for instance, in Deschooling Society argues that school is one of the ...
... possibility of doubt or question that the British Government and the British people desire the Indian peoples to have full self-government, with a Constitution as free in every respect as our own in Great Britain or as of any of the great Dominion members of the British Commonwealth of Nations. In the words of the Draft Declaration, India would be associated with the United Kingdom and other Dominions by ...
... school in Paris until 1854, two years after Braille's death. A universal Braille code for the English-speaking world was not adopted until 1932, when representatives from agencies for the blind in Great Britain and United States met in London and agreed upon a system known as Standard English Braille, grade 2. In 1957 Anglo-American experts again met in London to further improve the system. In addition ...
... plays, but the range and variety of his production were no less astounding. There were many novels, short stories, essays, philosophic and aesthetic treatises (mainly addresses delivered in India, Great Britain and the United States), travel diaries and even textbooks for children. Among the most significant of his works were his songs, the number of which ran into four figures. Set to music, exquisite ...
... hast not lost thy special brightness. Power Remains with thee and the old genial force Unseen for blinding light, not darkly lurks... 5 When Krishnadhan Ghose left Calcutta for Great Britain in 1869 to undergo a course of advanced medical studies, it was his father-in-law's earnest wish that the young sojourner in the West would not allow himself to be too easily dazzled and den ...
... debated with mounting anxiety but diminishing hope. Austria declared war against Serbia on 28 July, Germany declared war against Russia on 1 August, and against France on 3 August; and, on 4 August, Great Britain declared war against Germany. The First World War had begun. Germany and Austria on the one side, and on the other, Russia, France and Britain were engaged from almost the very outset, with Japan ...
... during his reign. One of these was the Seven Years War (1756-63), between France, Austria and Russia on the one side, and ranged against them were Prussia of Frederick the Great (1712-86), and Great Britain of George II (1683-1760) and later his grandson, George III (1738-1820). An enfeebled France lost to Britain much of her possessions in America and India where she had considerable holdings. ...
... extremely agitated at the situation developing in the country is well brought out by the following news item in the Modern Review of March 1909. "Human Pawns? The report comes from Berlin that Great Britain has entered into an understanding with the Sultan (of Turkey) by which in consideration for British support in the Near East, he shall cast his influence with his coreligionists in India in favour ...
... another all that could be raised in India by an excessive taxation flowed to Europe, after paying for a starved administration.... The 'Home Charges' remitted annually out of the Indian revenues to Great Britain have increased to sixteen millions. The pay of the European officers in India, virtually monopolising all the higher services, comes to ten millions. One-half of the nett revenues of India, which ...
... in public print. Remonstrance, not action, was the note of our political energies in the past. Action was, according to the old gospel, the prerogative of the Government whether in India or in Great Britain and our only duty was to urge them to act justly and not unjustly, in our interests and not in their own. We expected them to be angels and remonstrated with them when they proved to be merely men; ...
... cause than five years without a session of the Congress. The attitude of British statesmen, moreover, is not encouraging even to the Moderates who still think of getting rights marked "Made in Great Britain" in the same consignment with Liverpool salt or Manchester piece-goods. The hand on the dial will be put back if we leave the nation and check the growing spirit of self-help and self-exertion to ...
... unity of language we find a respectable number of nations which do not speak a single language. Three languages are spoken in Switzerland, the same number in France, while Welsh holds its own in Great Britain. Unity of language, therefore, is not necessary to nationality, only the recognition of one prevalent language as the State language is required. If America, needing to be addressed in fourteen ...
... impossible for any Liberal Government to accept office unless it has a mandate to end or mend the Lords. We cannot believe that a similar feeling will not actuate the great mass of Liberals all over Great Britain and heal all differences. Already the Labour Executive has decided to make the victory easier for the Government by not dividing the forward vote in a considerable number of constituencies and we ...
... amicable relations are restored. That was the policy pursued by England with regard to its colonies after the severe lesson learned in America, with the result that the bond between the colonies and Great Britain still defies the efforts of Time and Circumstance to loosen or snap them. But if discontent is not to be satisfied, the question then for the ruler is whether he prefers it to crystallise in public ...
... legislative and executive action and yet be part of an inseparable greater aggregate. This could be effected most easily where the elements are fairly homogeneous as it would be in a federation of Great Britain and her colonies. A tendency to large homogeneous aggregations has shown itself recently in political thought, as in the dream of a PanGermanic empire, a great Russian and Pan-Slavic empire or ...
... The problem is rather, on a larger and more difficult scale and with greater complexities, that which offered itself for a moment to the British Empire, how, if it is at all possible, to unite Great Britain, Ireland, the Colonies, Egypt, India in a real oneness, throw their gains into a common stock, use their energies for a common end, help them to find the account of their national individuality ...
... the final result is still a matter of dispute between the siddhi and the asiddhi. An instance of perfect final result occurs today in the Insurance Act matter, the completion of panels all over Great Britain and the enrolment of 15,000 doctors .. Yesterday's prediction, although not unfulfilled, was pitched in a key too high for the actual sthula fulfilment. The rupadrishti overcame its last obstacle ...
... on having a distinct and separate country. The existence of this geographical separateness is sure in the end to bear down all differences of race, language, religion, history. It has done so in Great Britain, in Switzerland, in Germany. It will do so in India. But geographical compactness is also necessary. In other words, the desh or country must be so compact that mutual communication and the o ...
... literature as well as spiritual strivings. Though the Indianness of the poems is obvious because of the prayerful note in all the poems (you do not get this tone in the English poetry of Great Britain and America except perhaps in the Psalms and the Prelude) and the in-depth references to Indian names like Sakuntala and Parasara as well as concepts like Yoga and Maya, Sethna does take ...
... foundations of morality and politics could no longer remain what they had been until then.” 12 Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) played in Germany a role comparable in many aspects to that of Spencer in Great Britain (and Auguste Comte in France), strengthened by his stature as a university professor. He was the main propagator of Darwinism, which he interpreted as a framework for a universal philosophy based ...
... dearer to him than his own relatives, even though the Haushofers belonged in the Jewish camp. Both were honoured with high educational positions, and Albrecht, widely travelled and well-connected in Great Britain, will even be a temporary consultant with the Dienststelle Ribbentrop, the think tank of the German Foreign Minister, and in this capacity assist Hitler at the infamous Munich conference of 1938 ...
... years we will be on the borders of India. Twenty to thirty elite German divisions will do. Then the British Empire will collapse.” (Speer 1161) In Hitler’s mind India was always associated with Great Britain. “The birthplace of the English self-consciousness is India”, he said in one of his monologues. 1162 We read in Toland’s Hitler biography: “Ribbentrop persistently pressed the Japanese, through ...
... globe and make the Germans, literally, masters of the world. They interpret his sayings and writings as a claim to a place among the prominent world powers of that day, more specifically France, Great Britain and the USA. His claim would have been similar to the German demand for “a place in the sun”, the slogan of the great industrial and commercial nation Germany had become around the year 1900. Such ...
... intrigued by the parallels between the first and the second one: the drive for world hegemony in Germany, the intended conquests in Belgium and France, the unfulfilled hope of an agreement with Great Britain, the plans for a colonization of Russia, the two-front-war feared and nevertheless engaged into, the pretence of being the leading, superior people in the world … The First World War and the Second ...
... to hint that the Mother and he had made this fog to help the Allies.’ 6 The war events are discussed in the conversations throughout the book, and Sri Aurobindo twice confirms explicitly that Great Britain and her allies were saved ‘by divine intervention’. Afterwards he wrote in a letter (about himself although in the third person): ‘In his retirement Sri Aurobindo kept a close watch on all that ...
... Part One: Aurobindo Ghose and Mirra Alfassa Beyond Man Chapter Three: A Backdoor to Spirituality The India in which he arrived from Great Britain must have looked like a cultural desert to Aurobindo Ghose. The modern literature of the regional languages was still in its infancy (except in Bengal) and the literary production in English was of poor quality ...
... (ICS), that exemplary body of colonial civil servants, accessible to Indians too on condition of their passing an entrance examination. This was only practicable for those who had been studying in Great Britain. And so it came to pass, in 1879, that Dr Ghose took his three eldest sons to Manchester, then the most populous city in the United Kingdom. The boys were put into the care of the Reverend William ...
... merchants, the busiest bankers, penetrating every continent, financing the Turks, flinging out a railroad from Berlin to Baghdad, gaining the trade of Latin America, challenging the sea power of Great Britain, and in the realm of intellect systematically organizing, under the concept Wissenschaft, every branch of human knowledge. They were deserving and capable [in their own opinion] of mastery of ...
... emissary, Sir Stafford Cripps, to New Delhi with a very generous proposal which he hoped would rally India's goodwill and cooperation in the fight against the worldwide threat. In this proposal, Great Britain offered India Dominion status, as a first step towards an independent government. Sri Aurobindo at once came out of retirement to wire his adhesion to Cripps; he wired all of India's leaders, and ...
... government. (See also Democracy) Plutocracy denotes a government by the wealthy, a ruling body or class of rich men. Socialism The words socialist and socialism came into use in Great Britain and France soon after 1825, and were first applied to the doctrines of certain writers who were seeking a complete transformation of the economic and moral basis of society by the substitution of ...
... President of the Security Council stating, on May 18, 1964, "the negotiations between India and Pakistan might be Page 78 complicated by any outside intervention". USA, Great Britain and the Soviet Union asked for a bilateral settlement instead of UN involvement. The US representative to the UN, Adlai Stevenson, said: "the Kashmir question should be peacefully resolved ...
... though India had formed its constitution in 1949, Pakistan was to remain without a constitution till 1956. During those years, it continued to be ruled under the Government of India Act of 1935 that Great Britain had designed to exercise imperial control over its Indian subjects. The 1956 constitution lasted only for two years, and was abrogated by the military coup of 1958. Ayub provided a new constitution ...
... most ancient times. Later in the 11th century, it came under Islamic rule. Britain wanted control of this Muslim nation in order to prevent Russia from expanding southward. From its base in India, Great Britain fought three Afghan Wars in less than 100 years: 1839-42, 1878-80, and 1919. Although the British had more modern arms than the Afghans, the English found the territory very difficult ...
... travelled extensively in Central Asia - before he was appointed at the age of forty as Governor-General and Viceroy of India in 1899. His mind was set on the ultimate prize, the Prime Ministership of Great Britain, and of course he had no doubt that he had the requisite talents. He felt that, in the meantime, his talents should be put to vigorous use, not allowed to rust unburnished through ignominious desuetude ...
... Richards had many acquaintances, they had but few friends. In the War and immediate post-war years (1916-20), Japan was still on the rising tide of her prosperity and influence. Japan was an ally of Great Britain, and fought on the side of the Allies against Germany and Austria. There was a visible British presence in Japan during the War, and after the Allied victory, Japan was one of the Big Five of the ...
... revelation of prophecies. For instance, at the beginning of our own century Mother made a prediction that "Italy and England would go underwater." Over the decades she reiterated that the island of Great Britain was destined to sink underwater. Interestingly, English experts found in the seventies that London was becoming "more vulnerable to floods owing to the fact that England is slowly tilting over." ...
... rather say 're'-discovered? Because the Norsemen under Leif Eriksson had already landed on the North American continent—Canada—about 1000 AD. The French occupied Canada (1534), but ceded it to Great Britain by the treaty of Paris (1763). Jacques Cartier (1491-1557), the French navigator, explored Canada by sailing up the St. Lawrence river. More than a hundred years later, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de ...
... Austria, heir to the throne, at Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. Austria declared war on Serbia on 28 July. Germany declared war on Russia on 1 st August. France entered the conflict on 3 rd August. Great Britain followed suit on 4 th August. So both Mother and Sri Aurobindo were right. "The Review Arya was bilingual," Mother added, "it was one and the same review, one part in French and another ...
... the speech of the great British Radical, the Liberal philosopher, the panegyrist of Burke and Gladstone. It is the last word of England to India on the great issue of Indian self-government. What does Mr. Morley mean by British rule? Not the British connexion, not the continuance of India as a self-governing unit in a federation of free peoples which shall be called the British Empire. No, Mr. Morley... the cessation of British rule. And in the opinion of Mr. Morley, supported by an almost unanimous consensus of British opinion, the re-enactment by a British government of the iniquities and atrocities of ancient and modern tyranny are preferable to the cessation of British rule; it is better to take the risk of these than to take the risk of losing the absolute control of Britain over India. This... what Mr. Morley means by the continuance of British rule, he means the continuance of a personal and absolute British control pervading the administration of affairs in every department, in other words, a bureaucratic despotism strongly flavoured by the independent personal omnipotence of local governors and local officials. The problem which former British statesmen professed to have before them was ...
... their great national feed. The menu began with relishes and proceeded through the wedded delights of ice-pudding and liqueurs to a regale of confidences and confessions by Sir Harvey Adamson which was perhaps the most enjoyable dish of the evening. The inventive Briton has discovered the great truth that out of the fullness of the stomach the heart speaketh and the result is that great British institution... sees a travelling spark of sedition, so on that side the British Empire and the profits of the clans are safe. But against the press he has not been able to find an equally effective extinguisher. The Government were apparently equal to the manufacture, but they want to try those tools they have before forging others that we know not of. The British public also might turn nasty if there were too rapid... in spite of the British public and Mr. Morley's sufferings, will be the first to recommend the smothering of the patient who refuses to be cured. After that the orator passed off into complaints about his bearer and praises of whiskey and soda and other subjects too sacred to touch. And so on the note of "whiskey in moderation" Sir Harvey closed his historic speech. And the British Empire knew itself ...
... out The universe before God had time to shout. 2 1. A Vision of Science. 2. A Dream of Surreal Science. Page 18 For the meantime Great Britain's star is on the ascendancy. The British spread the ideal of commercialism. Utilitarianism rules the waves. In the wake of science's triumphant march comes a rapid industrialization. Pretty soon the merchant middle... literature. In fact it was from the early nineteenth century that Calcutta, the capital of British India, became the centre of the new-found culture of the country. - Bankim Chandra Chatterjee 1 (1838-98), the first graduate of Calcutta University, remoulded the Bengali language. "It was Bankim's first great service to India that he gave the race which stood in its vanguard such a perfect and... of Calcutta was first instituted in 1854 by a few art enthusiasts, Indian and British. It ran a school of Industrial Art which was later (between 1872 and 1876) converted into the Calcutta Art School (or Government Art School). In Page 46 its early years the School had developed on the lines of a British art school of the time. But soon the Indian artists discarded copying the Western ...
... of money, he sent us newspaper cuttings and a great deal of advice!" Everyone sat looking at Sri Aurobindo, silent, curious, puzzled. "Those cuttings described the acts of injustice and cruelty suffered by Indians at the hands of the British. They were meant to arouse in us a sense of patriotism." "But was he not a great admirer of the British?" asked Kriti. "He had once been, though only... English. The Irish had been fighting against British rule for a great many years already and Nivedita had been one of them. That is why she could share our pain and be so Sympathetic to our cause." "What actually was her role in the Movement?" "First, to tour the country and spread the message of revolt among the educated classes. Second, to initiate the great and the small, even the Rajas and Maharajas... combating difficulties and poverty and pain that man becomes great. It is this attitude towards life that has helped the west to the preeminence it has acquired today. Anyway, now at least we had found a place to sleep, so after thanking Mr. Cotton we went to his club. Later, it was this same Mr. Cotton who wrote on my behalf to the British government so that I might be selected for the I.C.S. The club ...
Share your feedback. Help us improve. Or ask a question.