Mazzini : Giuseppe (1805-72), Italian revolutionary, thinker, writer, an outstanding figure of Risorgimento (1815-70), the period of national unification. His relations with Cavour (q.v.), who also strove for Italian unification, were strained because Cavour relied on French help & Mazzini on popular national revolution.
... baffling riddle. "Of all the great actors who were in the forefront of the Italian Revolution, Mazzini and Cavour were the most essential to the Italian Regeneration. Of the two, Mazzini was undoubtedly the greater. Cavour was the statesman and organiser, Mazzini the prophet and creator. Mazzini was busy with the great and eternal ideas which move masses of men in all countries and various ages... to Italy, Mazzini to all humanity. 142 Cavour was the man of the hour, Mazzini the citizen of Eternity. 143 ... Mazzini summed up the soul of all humanity, the idea of its past and the inspiration of its future in Italian forms and gave life to the dead. At his breath the dead bones clothed themselves with flesh and the wilderness of poisonous brambles blossomed with rose. Mazzini found Italy... Indian." So, his thoughts and feelings converging on India, Sri Aurobindo 1. Sri Aurobindo admired Mazzini and Joan of Arc, and wrote a short poem as a tribute to the Irish patriot, Parnell, in 1891. It is interesting to note that Annie Besant once called Sri Aurobindo the Mazzini of India. Page 14 approached the destination of his return voyage. And how did India ...
... Early Cultural Writings Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi 07-November-1920 MAZZINI The state of Italy now is the proof that my teaching was needed. Machiavellianism rose again in the policy of Cavour and Italy, grasping too eagerly at the speedy fruit of her efforts, fell from the clearness of the revelation that I gave her. Therefore she suffers.... true end. CAVOUR The state of Italy is the proof of the soundness of my policy. Mazzini, you speak still as the ideologist, the man of notions. The statesman recognises ideals, but he has nothing to do with notions. He strikes always at his main objective and is willing to sacrifice much in details. MAZZINI What you say is true, but the sacrifice has been not of details, but of the essential... securing each step as he goes. When the economic ills Page 480 of Italy have been removed and the Church no longer opposes progress, the ideal of Mazzini may be fulfilled. The brain and sword of Italy may yet lead and rule Europe. MAZZINI It is not the diplomatist and the servant of the moment who can bring about that great consummation, but the heroic soul and the mighty brain that command ...
... Power that Uplifts Of all the great actors who were in the forefront of the Italian Revolution, Mazzini and Cavour were the most essential to Italian regeneration. Of the two Mazzini was undoubtedly the greater. Cavour was the statesman and organiser, Mazzini the prophet and creator. Mazzini was busy with the great and eternal ideas which move masses of men in all countries and various ages,... acute brain, the other a mighty soul. Cavour belongs to Italy, Mazzini to all humanity. Cavour was the man of the hour, Mazziniis the citizen of Eternity. But the work of Mazzini could not have been immediately crowned with success if there had been no Cavour. The work of Cavour would equally have been impossible but for Mazzini. Mazzini summed up the soul of all humanity, the idea of its past and the... practicality and placed it at the service of the great ideal of liberty and unity which Mazzini had made the overmastering passion of the millions. Yet these two deliverers and lovers of Italy never understood each other. Mazzini hated Cavour as a dishonest trickster and Machiavellian, Cavour scorned Mazzini Page 183 as a fanatic and dangerous fire-brand. It is easy to assign superficial ...
... long as they remain loyal to it in the depths of their being. Pythagoras and Plato, Zoroaster and Christ and Mohammed, Leonardo, Galileo and Newton, Mirabeau, Danton, Robespierre and Napoleon, Mazzini and Garibaldi, Marx and Lenin etc., in the West, and Rama, Sri Krishna, Mahavira and Buddha, Shankaracharya and Chaitanya, Sri Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda etc., in India, all have been, in... an immediate advantage for your Country or your family would ensue from your action. Be apostles of this faith, apostles of the brotherhood of nations, and of the unity of the human race..." — Mazzini (Duties of Man) 79. Mahayogi R.R. Diwakar, 2nd Edition (Bhavan's Book University). Page 215 left-wing thought and a fearless advocate of independence at a time when most of... his instructions. In the 131. Speeches of Sri Aurobindo. 132. "Faith in God burns with an immortal light through all the lies and corruption with which men have darkened His name." — Mazzini, The Duties of Man. 133. Source Material for a History of the Freedom Movement in India (Collected from Bombay Government Records, Vol. II, pp. 952-53) 134. Life of Sri Aurobindo ...
... withdrawn, they collapse like a house of cards at one blow. Joan of Arc dreamed dreams & saw visions, Mazzini & Garibaldi were impracticable idealists and hated Cavour because he would not idealise along with them. The rock of St Helena, the blazing stake at Rouen, the lifelong impotent exile of Mazzini, the field of [ ] 1 & the island of Caprera, such is the latter end of these great spirits. Alexander... living characters & on the great canvas of the world; such men become portents Page 198 & wonders, whom posterity admires or hates but can only imperfectly understand. Like Joan of Arc or Mazzini & Garibaldi they save a dying nation, or like Napoleon & Alexander they dominate a world. They are only possible because they only get full scope in races which unite with an ardent & heroic temperament ...
... sure how this helped me add to my knowledge of warfare or my skill in the art of fighting. During my last days in College, I used to study Mazzini in place of King John or The Faerie Queene. One day I suddenly discovered that they had removed my Mazzini from the shelves of the library, and even the Life and Death of Socrates by Plato had disappeared. These books were no doubt supposed to... men. Prafulla who was one of those dreamy, "introvert", intellectual types and a good writer and speaker took up the "civil" work. They used to say with a touch of humour, no doubt, that he was the Mazzini and I was his Garibaldi. But no provision had yet been made to give this Garibaldi the necessary training in military drill or the use of weapons. So, I had to begin with the science of warfare rather ...
... sure how this helped me add to my knowledge of warfare or my skill in the art of fighting. During my last days in College, I used to study Mazzini in place of King John or The Faerie Queene. One day I suddenly discovered that they had removed my Mazzini from the shelves of the library, and even the Life and Death of Socrates by Plato had disappeared. These books were no doubt supposed to... Prafulla who was one of those dreamy, "introvert", intellectual types and a good writer and speaker took up the "civil" work. They used to say with a touch of humour, no doubt, that he was the Mazzini and I was his Garibaldi. But no provision had yet been made to give this "Garibaldi the necessary training in military drill or the use of weapons. So, I had to begin with the science of warfare ...
... brain is full of plans for the fulfilment of his hopes and he seeks helpers and followers to bring it about, while he tries to disabuse the country of ideas which he believes injurious to his plans. A Mazzini planning the republican freedom of Italy creates the party of New Italy, a Garibaldi filled with the same hope but bent on freedom first and republicanism afterwards forms his Legion of Red Shirts... e purpose, the freedom of Italy, and work for it, each doing something towards the common end which the others could not have done. Thus the purpose of God works itself out and not the purpose of Mazzini, or the purpose of Garibaldi, or the purpose of Cavour. Parties are necessary but they must have a common end overriding their specific differences, the freedom, greatness and splendour of their motherland ...
... It was a deep consciousness of this great truth that gave Mazzini the strength to create modern Italy.... It is our hope that ... not only the political circumstances of India be changed but her deeper disease be cured and by a full evocation of her immense stores of moral and spiritual strength that be accomplished for India which Mazzini could not accomplish for Italy, to place her in the head ...
... was fulfilling his father's wishes – though not for long. In his first year at King's College, he won all the prizes in Greek and Latin verse, but his heart was no longer in it. It was Joan of Arc, Mazzini, the American Revolution that haunted him – in other words, the liberation of his country. India's independence, of which he would become one of the pioneers. This unforeseen political calling was... 108 he meant every word of it. He had studied enough French history, as well as the Italian and American revolutions, to know that sometimes armed revolt can be justified; neither Joan of Arc nor Mazzini nor Washington were apostles of "nonviolence." In 1920, when Gandhi's son went to visit him in Pondicherry to discuss nonviolence, Sri Aurobindo answered with this simple, and still applicable, question: ...
... enthusiasm, indomitable courage and energy of wonderful sacrifice", they had added a bright chapter to recent Indian history. In this they had only emulated the doings of youth elsewhere - Mazzini depended on young Italy .... When the insurrection broke out at Bologna, the leaders were chiefly students of the University .... In Milan, a crowd assembled before the Government House whereupon... was the exiled of Italy, it was the men who languished in Austrian and Bourbon dungeons, it was Poerio and Silvio Pellico and their fellow sufferers whose collected strength reincarnated in Mazzini and Garibaldi and Cavour to free their country. When John Morley, as Secretary of State, tried to defend the indefensible in Parliament, when he (and Lord Minto the Viceroy) tried simultaneously ...
... dialogues. Dinshah, Perizade. Published in the Karmayogin on 12 February 1910. Page 773 Turiu, Uriu. Published in the Karmayogin on 19 February 1910. Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi. Chandernagore Manuscript, gathering I, pp. 5-6. The typed copy, which is subsequent to the manuscript, has been used as the text. A defective version of this piece was published ...
... and writings. But Nationalism is no more a mere ebullition of race hatred in India than it was in Italy in the last century. Our motives and our objects are at least as lofty and noble as those of Mazzini or of Garibaldi whose centenary the Times was hymning with such fervour a few days ago. The restoration of our country to her separate existence as a nation among the nations, her exaltation to a ...
... cause. It was the exiled of Italy, it was the men who languished in Austrian and Bourbon dungeons, it was Poerio and Silvio Pellico and their fellow-sufferers whose collected strength reincarnated in Mazzini and Garibaldi and Cavour to free their country. Let there be no fainting of heart and no depression, and also let there be no unforeseeing fury, no blindly-striking madness. We are at the beginning ...
... the more, and the deeper the suffering the greater the glory, the more celestial the reward. We cannot suffer more than Poerio in his Neapolitan dungeon or Silvio Pellico in his Austrian fortress or Mazzini in his lifelong exile. It is with the lifeblood of a nation's best and the unshed tears that well up from the hearts of its strong men that the tree of liberty is watered. The greater the sacrifice ...
... century, and of that revolution Bipin Chandra is a prophet. To ask such a man to confine himself to particular measures and questions of immediate political interest is as if one were to have asked Mazzini to forget his great teachings which revivified Italy, and confine himself to the questions of the day in Rome or Sardinia. Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education are merely aspects, phases, expressions ...
... doomed. The first want of a subject people is the possession of the State, without which it can neither be socially Page 1067 sound nor intellectually great. It was for this reason that Mazzini whose natural tendencies were literary and poetic, turned away from literature and denied his abilities their natural expression with the memorable words, "The art of Italy will flourish on our graves ...
... made individual. It is the East that must conquer in India's uprising. It is the Yogin who must stand behind the political leader or manifest within him; Ramdas must be born in one body with Shivaji, Mazzini mingle with Cavour. The divorce of intellect and spirit, strength and purity may help a European revolution, but by a European strength we shall not conquer. The movements of the last century failed ...
... loose weakness of Italy was the inevitable result of the great defect of its period of fine culture, and it needed for its revival the new impulse of thought and will and character given to it by Mazzini. If the ethical impulse is not sufficient by itself for the development of the human being, yet are will, character, self-discipline, self-mastery indispensable to that development. They are the backbone ...
... what is immediately possible he removes the greater possibilities which he does not see, seems to prevent and often does prevent a larger and nobler realisation. It is the gulf between a Cavour and a Mazzini, between the prophet of an ideal and the statesman of a realisable idea The latter seems always to be justified by the event, but the former has a deeper justification in the shortcomings of the event ...
... struggle against the English in mediaeval France and the revolts which liberated America and Italy. He took much of his inspiration from these movements and their leaders, especially Jeanne d'Arc and Mazzini. In his public activity he took up non-cooperation and passive resistance as a means in the struggle for independence but not the sole means and so long as he was in Bengal he maintained a secret ...
... disappointed rajas. God has struck it all down,—Moderatism, the bastard child of English Liberalism; Nationalism, the mixed progeny of Europe and Asia; Terrorism, the abortive offspring of Bakunin and Mazzini. The latter still lives, but it is being slowly ground to pieces. At present, it is our only enemy, for I do not regard the British coercion as an enemy, but as a helper. If it can only rid us of this ...
... Marriot's Makers of Italy but that is not a biography nor anything like comprehensive. Bent's Life of Garibaldi is crammed full of facts and very tedious reading. I don't think there is any good life of Mazzini in English—only the translation of his autobiography. However, I will look up the subject and, if I find anything, will let you know. Yours sincerely Aurobindo Ghose. [2] [July-August 1907] ...
... Richelieu and Napoleon. But all nations have the same story. And it is too late now in the day to start Page 90 explaining the nature and origin of nationhood; it was done long ago by Mazzini and by Renan and once for all. Indeed, what we see rampant in India today is the mediaeval spirit. This reversion to an older-an extinct, we ought to have been able to say-type of mentality ...
... Marx, 128 -Dos Kapital, 118 Marxism, 326 Mathura, 91 Maupassant, 145 Maxwell, 308 Maya, 50, 55, 67, 280, 284, 361, 381 Mayavada,326 Mazzini, 59, 91 Mephistopheles, 83 Michelson-Morley experiment, 315 Middle Age(s), 69, 145, 150, 152, 155, 213, 221, 346 Mill, 140 Milton, 194, 251 Minerva, 222 ...
... paper, but in living characters and on the great canvas of the world. Such men become portents and wonders whom posterity admires or hates but can only imperfectly understand. Like Joan of Arc or Mazzini and Garibaldi, they save a dying nation or like Napoleon and Alexander they dominate the world. They are only possible because they only get full scope in races which unite with an ardent and heroic ...
... 163 Manchester Guardian, 239n Manu, 159 Miira, 5 Marcellus, 173-5 Margaret, 138 Marut, 22, 28-9 Marx, 126 Mayavada,278 Mazumdar, Dipak, 213 -"Baritone", 212 Mazzini, 253 Mephistopheles, 250 Metaphysicals, the, 57, 71,286 Michael Angelo, 170 Milton, 52-3, 85, 93, 125, 147, 163, 168,245 --Camus, 245n Page 373 -Paradise ...
... Henry the Great and Richelieu and Napoleon. But all nations have the same story. And it is too late now in the day to start explaining the nature and origin of nationhood; it was done long ago by Mazzini and by Renan and once for all. Indeed, what we see rampant in India today is the mediaeval spirit. This reversion to an older—an extinct, we ought to have been able to say-type of mentality ...
... two of the pieces were published in the journal: "Dinshah — Perizade" and "Turiu — Uriu", February 12 and 19, 1910 respectively. The others were first published by the Standard Bearer : "Mazzini — Cavour — Page 382 Garibaldi", November 7, 1920, "Shivaji—Jai Singh", December 26, 1920, "Littleton — Percival", May 29 and June 5, 1923. SABCL: TheHarmony ...
... freedom movements in mediaeval France, and in latter-day America, France, Ireland and Italy, and he learnt a good deal from those movements, and from their leaders as well - notably Joan of Arc and Mazzini. 20 Sri Aurobindo admired Parnell too and wrote poems about him, but the kind of Parliamentary activity that was possible for the Parnellites was ruled out for the Indian revolutionaries. In effect ...
... work is done and not to outstay the Mother's welcome. They are fortunate who get that release or are wise enough, like Garibaldi, to take it. Not altogether happy is their lot who, like Napoleon or Mazzini, outstay the lease of their appointed greatness. Mirabeau ruled the morning twilight, the sandhya of the new age. Aristocratic tribune of the people, unprincipled champion of principles, lordly ...
... Marx, Karl , 200 materialism, 1,61 ,77-78, 80,85,92, 114 , 140 , 197 ,201 mathematic s, 168 matter , field o f Sri Aurobindo's Yoga , 189, 193, 194 Maurya, the dynasty, 178 Ma Yadava , 183 Mazzini, 57,93 medic a l science, 102-1 03 Me so potamia , 137 Minto , Earl , 47 (fn) see also Morley-Minto re forms Miller, P. (Pramatha Mitra), 13 moderation, Moderatism, 89 , 93, 118 Mohammedans ...
... individual. It is the East that must conquer in India's uprising. It is the Yogin who must stand behind the political leader or manifest within him; Ramadas must be born in one body with Shivaji, Mazzini mingle with Cavour. * The men who would lead India must be catholic and many-sided. When the Avatar comes, we like to believe that he will be not only the religious guide ...
... Coercion laws God has struck it all down,—Moderate- ism, the bastard child of English Liberalism; Nationalism, the mixed progeny of Europe and Asia; Terrorism, the abortive offspring of Bakunin and Mazzini It is only when this foolishness is done with that truth will have a chance, the sattwic mind in India emerge and a really strong spiritual movement begin as a prelude to India's regeneration. No doubt ...
... which can never become a part of the very soul of the nation and never therefore a great realised fact. Mere academical teaching of patriotism is of no avail. The professor may lecture every day on Mazzini and Garibaldi and Washington and the student may write themes about Japan and Italy and America without bringing us any nearer to our supreme need,—the entry of the habit of patriotism into our very ...
... awakening the people and inspiring them with the passion for liberty which can alone give a long-subject nation the strength to endure and survive, to thrive on disaster and overcome defeat. The work of Mazzini must be done before the work of Cavour and Garibaldi can begin. In India the awakening has come, the passion for liberty is abroad, and we have the satisfaction of knowing that the fire we have kindled ...
... others. Foreign help can only be safe and beneficial if the nation has already grown strong enough to rely mainly on itself for its own separate existence. Mustafa Kamal was a man of the type of Mazzini in one respect, his intense idealism and lofty idea of cosmopolitan unity embracing national independence. It is this idealism which will keep Egypt alive and secure the immortality of the Nationalist ...
... hatred Page 930 and internecine war the permanent allies of Christian ideals and wrought an inextricable confusion which is the modern malady of Europe. It was in vain that the genius of Mazzini rediscovered the heart of Christianity and sought to remodel European ideas; the French Revolution had become the starting point of European democracy and coloured the European mind. Now that democracy ...
... nothing more is needed, for all else is detail and will inevitably follow. For the first condition the requisite is a mighty selfless faith and aspiration filling the hearts of men as in the day of Mazzini. For the second India, which has no Piedmont to work out her salvation, requires to organize her scattered strengths into a single and irresistible whole. For both these ends an institution ...
... beautifully said "Love is his right side" etc. So is it with the patriot; he has seen himSelf in his nation & seeks to lose his lower self in that higher national Self; because he can do so, we have a Mazzini, a Garibaldi, a Joan of Arc, a Washington, a Pratap Singh or a Sivaji; the lower material self Page 139 could not have given us these; you do not manufacture such men in the workshop of ...
... to English literature, he showed much interest in the Elizabethan theatre and for the great romantic poetry, particularly that of Keats, Shelley and Byron. He was also fascinated by Jeanne d’Arc, Mazzini and other heroes from history who had fought for the liberation of their motherland. As later told by him, he felt the urge to work for the freedom of India already at that time. Aurobindo passed ...
... acquired there for the rest of his life, both as a generally recognized master of the English language and as one who was widely read, also in the life of revolutionaries such as Jeanne d’Arc, Giuseppe Mazzini, Garibaldi and Charles Parnell. In August 1892 he passed his final examination for the I.C.S. with ease albeit without ambition. But the last part of it was a horse-riding test. After he returned ...
... columns that 'these nationalists were spreading racial hatred and disaffection against the ruling race'. Sri Aurobindo retorted: 'Our motives and our objects are at least as lofty and noble as those of Mazzini or those of Garibaldi whose centenary the Times was hymning with such fervour a few days ago. The restoration of our country to her separate existence as a nation among the nations, her exaltation ...
... Coercion laws.... God has struck it all down, — Moderatism, the bastard child of English Liberalism; Nationalism, the mixed progeny of Europe and Asia; Terrorism, the abortive offspring of Bakunin and Mazzini.... It is only when this foolishness is done with that truth will have a chance, the sattwic mind in India emerge and a really strong spiritual movement begin as a prelude to India's regeneration. ...
... Coercion laws.... God has struck it all down,— Moderatism, the bastard child of English Liberalism; Nationalism, the mixed progeny of Europe and Asia; Terrorism, the abortive offspring of Bakunin and Mazzini.... It is only when this foolishness is done with that truth will have a chance, the sattwic mind in India emerge and a really strong spiritual movement begin as a prelude to India's regeneration. ...
... a time greatly stressed by Vivekananda, who was the first to strike two or three major chords that were needed to create the grand symphony of the Indian Renaissance. It is true Europe too had her Mazzini Page 136 whose scheme of a new humanity was based on the conception of the duties of man. But his was a voice in the wilderness and he was not honoured in his own country. The ...
... ra means both. In Europe too, in more recent times, when after the frustration of the dream of the new world envisaged by the French Revolution, man was called upon again to rise and hope, it was Mazzini who brought forward the new or discarded principle as a mantra replacing the other more dangerous one. A hierarchy of duties was given by him as the pattern of a fulfilled ideal life. In India in ...
... time greatly 'stressed by Vivekananda, who was the first to strike two or three major chords that were needed to create the grand symphony of the Indian Renaissance. It is true Europe too had her Mazzini Page 253 whose scheme of a new humanity was based on the conception of the duties of man. But his was a voice in the wilderness and he was not honoured in his own country. The malady ...
... means both. In Europe too, in more recent times, when after the frustration of the dream of a new world envisaged by the French Revolution, man was called upon again to rise and hope, it was Mazzini who brought forward the new or discarded principle as a mantra replacing the other more dangerous one. A hierarchy of duties was given by him as the pattern of a fulfilled ideal life. In ...
... Christopher, 655, 690 Marx, Karl, 447 Marxism, 446,447 Masters, John. 12 Mazumdar, Ambika Charan, 227,228 Mazumdar, Sardar, 274, 275,276, 323, 389 Mazzini, 191, 233 Measure for Measure, 132 ; Mehta, Pherozeshah, 227, 264, 267, 272, 273,295 Menezes, Armando, 695 Meston, Lord, 11 Meghaduta, 91ff, 97 ...
... education and opening the eyes of the young to the "affairs of the nation".... In smoky little grain shops, on the terraced roofs of private houses, young men would meet to hear about the lives of Mazzini and Garibaldi, to read exhortations from Swami Vivekananda, to listen to the warlike incidents of the Mahabharata and to comments on the Bhagavad Gita. The number of samitis increased daily. 42 ...
... in the office? A: I lived there one month. I took no pay. Upendra gave me some books and I bought others on his recommendation: he instructed me to read them. Q: What Books? A: “The Works of Mazzini”, “Garibaldi”, “Desherkatha” by Sakaram Ganesh Deoskar, Bankim Babu’s works, Bhudeb Babu’s works (he was Director of Public Instruction), Upanishad, Gita. After being at the Jugantar office one month ...
... drawn to Indian culture. They sought to express, each in his own way, India's soul. It was here in Pondicherry that WS Iyer wrote in Tamil the biographies of Chandra Gupta Maurya, Rana Pratap, Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Napoleon. When he was in England Iyer had become an 'extremist'—especially after the Curzon Willie 1 episode—and in France he came close to Madame Bhaicaji Cama, Shyamji Krishna Verma ...
... Archipelago; even little Balkan States have aspired to revive an "empire" and to rule over others not of their own nationality or have cherished the idea of becoming predominant in the peninsula. Mazzini's Italy has its imperialistic ventures and ambitions in Tripoli, Abyssinia, Albania, the Greek islands. This imperialistic tendency is likely to grow stronger for some time in the future rather than ...
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