Plutarch : Greek essayist & biographer whose works influenced the essay, biography, & historical writing in Europe. The English translation of his Parallel Lives supplied the factual bases for Shakespeare’s Coriolanus, Julius Caesar, Antony & Cleopatra, & Timon of Athens.
... and the Prasii after them. Plutarch (LXII) 2 follows the same order and, without giving any name - Xandrames or Agrammes - simply writes: "the kings of Gandaritai and the Praisiai were reported to be waiting for (Alexander)..." Plutarch has "kings", in the plural: Xandrames would thus be the king of only one of the two nations. A slightly later statement by Plutarch, couched in terms similar to... than that period. For, Plutarch 1 as well as Justin 2 records that when Alexander, a few months after his invasion of India, met Sandrocottus, the latter was not yet a king. According 1. Life of Alexander, LXII. The Classical Accounts..., p. 199. 2. Historiarum Philippicarum, XV, iv. The Classical Accounts..., p. 193. Page 63 to Plutarch, the meeting took place... place at about the time the Macedonians "most resolutely opposed Alexander when he insisted that they should cross the Ganges." Plutarch, of course, is in error if he meant the Ganges to be the last river reached by Alexander. He did have in mind the crossing of it, but the last river reached was the Beās, the Greek Hyphasis, not the Ganges. And Alexander's programme came to a halt at it at approximately ...
... speaking the Prasioi's." Such a conclusion is lent strong colour by Plutarch's plural, "kings", instead of the singular of Diodorus and Curtius: Plutarch signifies different kings for the two peoples. However, we must take stock of what Plutarch 1 writes a little later of the youth "Androcottus" ("Sandrocottus" in Strabo, Pliny, Arrian, Appian and Justin): "Androcottus...saw Alexander himself... Prasioi are mentioned first, the Gangaridai afterwards. But the order is of little significance - first, when we set over against it the same historical material presented by Curtius (c. 40 A.D.) and Plutarch (c. 50 A.D.) and then when we look at Diodorus's own other references to the same situation. Curtius (IX.2) 2 writes in the course of his account: "Next came the Ganges, the largest river... farther banks were covered all over with armed men, horses and elephants, for the kings of the Gandaritai and the Praisiai were reported to be waiting for (Alexander)..." Both Curtius and Plutarch reverse Diodorus's order. And Diodorus himself, going on to say more about King Xandrames, has the words: 4 "...the king of the Gandaridai..." He omits the Prasioi altogether, as if only the ...
... and principal monarch, welding them all into one. "Here we may note a point in Plutarch. 3 Although referring to the king - 'despised by his subjects for the wickedness of his disposition and the meanness of his origin' - as the one who ruled the total country which was banded against Alexander, Plutarch yet tells us not of the king of the Gangaridai and the Prasii but of 'kings'. The plural... 192 Prasii, Plutarch adds: "Nor was this any exaggeration, for not long afterwards Androcottus, who by that time had mounted the throne, presented Seleucus with 500 elephants, and overran and subdued the whole of India with an army of 600,000 men." From Appian we learn simply that Sandrocottus ruled the Indus-region in c. 305 B.C. Plutarch does not locate the "throne" ... unconnected with the Prasii who are always associated with him in Classical accounts. Even Plutarch indirectly makes the association. 1 For, just after saying that even up to his day the altars which Alexander erected to commemorate his farthest point in India were visited by the kings of the Prasii, Plutarch brings in Sandrocottus a second time: "Androcottus himself, who was then but a youth, saw ...
... whom the Greeks themselves admired as the liberator of India from the foreign yoke, one with whom Seleucus Nicator came to almost abject terms including perhaps even a daughter for marriage and whom Plutarch described as overrunning and subduing the entire country. Here we may be threatened with gagging by the argument: 1 "Aśoka, in his inscriptions, credits himself with only one conquest - namely... glory every other people, not only in this quarter, but one may say in all India" (Pliny, VI.22) 3 and whose king Sandrocottus "overran and subdued the whole of India with an army of 600,000 men" (Plutarch, LXII) 4 before thwarting Seleucus Nicator in c. 305 B.C. and who, not long after Alexander's departure in 325 B.C. from India, had enabled his country to shake off "the yoke of servitude from... remaining problem is to explain why Samudragupta should have launched on some drastic campaigns of conquest when already Chandragupta as Sandrocottus had established himself over "the whole of India" as Plutarch grandiloquently puts it. Revolts in various parts of a dominion are common history. Apropos of one of the 9 kings of Āryāvarta whom Samudragupta "violently exterminated" - Ganapati Nāga - a historian ...
... proof of his brilliance as a writer and a philosopher. Some of them are: Euthypro, Apology, Phaedo, Crito, Meno, Symposium, Republic. 10. Plutarch (46-127 AD), Mestrius Plutarchus, was a Greek historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist. Plutarch was born to a prominent family. His literary works consist of the Parallel Lives and the Moralia. ., 11. Pheidias (480-430 BC), son of Charmides... of enjoying them. To make that possible, he persuaded the state to make remuneration of two obols annually to each citizen. As a point of reference, it should be noted that Plato, 9 Aristotle and Plutarch, 10 all disapproved of these payments as, according to them, it injured the Athenian character. He then turned towards the fortification of Athens and consequently persuaded the Assembly ...
... Alexander. A "cup of Hercules" was a very large beaker, drained without heel-taps. It would imply in that case that the wine drunk by Alexander was poisoned. Page 114 Plutarch Plutarch was one of the last classical Greek historians. He was born around AD 46 at Chaeronea in Boetia, and died sometime after AD 120. He was a student in the School of Athens, became a philosopher... place along with the other energies that meet in man. No doubt this prodigious young king was faced with a very difficult task in that respect. But the extraordinary profile of him painted for us by Plutarch may be very instructive when we ourselves are confronted with the quest of our aim of life. Page 98 The best likeness of Alexander which has been preserved for us is to be found... tells us that he was seized with a raging fever, that when he became very thirsty he drank wine which made him delirious, and that he died on the thirtieth day of the month Daesius. Text from Plutarch, Parallel Lives, translation by lan Scott-Kilvert in The Age of Alexander (Penguin Books, 1983), p. 255 ff. Page 113 Notes This fragrance was also regarded as a ...
... the foot races at Olympia; he answered that he would be willing, if his opponents were kings. When all others had failed to tame the giant horse Bucephalus, Alexander succeeded; seeing which, says Plutarch, Philip acclaimed him with prophetic words: "My son, Macedonia is too small for you; seek out a larger empire worthier of you." Even on the march his wild energy found vent in shooting arrows at passing... him a good appetite for breakfast, and a light breakfast gave him an appetite for dinner. Perhaps in consequence of these habits his complexion was remarkably clear, and his body and breath, says Plutarch, "were so fragrant as to perfume the clothes that he wore." Discounting the flattery of those who painted or Page 84 carved or engrayed his likeness, we know from his contemporaries... Mentally he was an ardent student, who was too soon consumed with responsibilities to reach maturity of mind. Like so many men of action, he mourned that he could not be also a thinker. "He had," says Plutarch, "a violent thirst and passion for learning, which increased as time went on. He was a lover of all kinds of reading and knowledge," and it was his delight, after a day of marching or fighting, to ...
... Alexander the great Notes Plutarch Plutarch was one of the last classical Greek historians. He was born around AD 46 at Chaeronea in Boetia, and died sometime after AD 120. He was a student in the School of Athens, became a philosopher, and wrote a large number of essays and dialogues on philosophical, scientific and literary subjects (the Moralia)... Moralia). We know that he traveled widely in Egypt and went to Rome. Plutarch wrote his historical works relatively late in life, and his Parallel Lives of eminent Greeks and Romans is probably his best known and most influential work. As he states, his intention in the Lives was to write biography, not history as such, and this is reflected in the choice of his sources. He drew upon a very wide range of ... evaluate facts. At any rate, in the case of Alexander the Great, his achievements, his influence on the world, and his personal character were certainly awe-inspiring. That much was clearly perceived by Plutarch, and he did manage to communicate it in the chapter on Alexander. Page 89 ...
... 1960) Pirenne, Jacqueline, "Un problème-clef pour la chronologie de 1'Orient: la date du 'Périple de la mer Érythrée'", Journal Asiatique, CCXLIX, Fascicule No. 4, 1961 Plutarch, Life of Alexander Powell-Price, J. C, A History of India (Thomas Nelson, London, 1955) Pradhan, S. N., The Chronology of Ancient India (Calcutta, 1927)... ra, 85, 173, 481 Pitundra, 85 Plakshadvīpa, 57-Pliny, 15, 61, 63, 64, 98, 116, 158, 163, 164, 165, 168, 185, 187, 210, 211, 212, 238, 243, 244, 247, 375. 418, 466, 479, 551 Plutarch, 63, 64, 114, 115, 117, 155, 156, 169, 175, 177, 187, 192, 193, 212, 214, 246 Podiyil Hill, 209 Porticanus (Oxycanus), 63 Porus (the Paurava), 99, 100, 114, 426; the ...
... calls attention to "(a) Plutarch, Life of Numa, 4: 'The Egyptians believe, not implausibly, that it is not impossible for the Spirit of a god to approach a woman and procure in her certain beginnings of parturition... (b) Aeschylus, Suppliants, w. 17-19, speaks of Zeus making Io a mother 'with a mystic breath' (which could be interpreted as spirit)... (c) Plutarch, Table-Talk, VIII: 1, 2-3 ...
... through the gracious authority of Caesar, the divinely appointed ruler of Rome. Although the fuller documentation for this meaning of euangelion comes in part from post-New Testament writers, such as Plutarch (A.D. 46?-120?) in De For-tuna Romanorum 8 there is inscriptional evidence going back to the time of Augustus for the use of euangelion in connection with the imperial cult: 'The birthday of... p. 331. 5. Ibid., p. 336. 6 . Ibid . Page 9 7. Published by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., New York, 1977, pp. 133-34. 8. In the Loeb edition of Plutarch the treatise is found in Moralia, Vol. 2, trans. F.C. Babbitt (New York: Putnam's, 1928), pp. 73-89. 9. Friedrich, "Evangelizesthai" in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, Vol. ...
... to support the fleet by digging wells and establishing depots and to restore his own reputation for superhuman achievement. The strength of Alexander's operational force was 35,000 fighting men. Plutarch seems to be referring to a total which includes all camp-followers. The non-combatants were the principal sufferers on this march. 3 To eke out: to live from hand to mouth; to struggle along... all filed slowly past his bedside one by one, wearing neither cloak nor armour. On the twenty-eighth awards evening he died .2 References The Age of Alexander — Nine Greek Lives by Plutarch Translated and annoted by lan Scott-Kilvert Penguin Books Ltd. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England Viking Penguin Inc. 40 West 223rd Street new York, New York 10010, USA Translation and notes ...
... we have not. If the alleged ballad epic was included bodily or in part in the Mahabharata, our analysis will find it there without fail. If it was merely used as material just as Shakespeare used Plutarch or Hall & Holinshed, it is no longer germane to the matter. Now the most essential part of a story is the point from which the catastrophe started; in the Mahabharata this is the mishandling of Draupadie ...
... place along with the other energies that meet in man. No doubt this prodigious young king was faced with a very difficult task in that respect. But the extraordinary profile of him painted for us by Plutarch may be very instructive when we ourselves are confronted with the quest of our aim of life. Page 15 ...
... Schuster, 1966 Green, Peter. — Alexander the Great. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970 — Alexander of Macedon. Penguin Books Hamilton J.R — Alexander the Great, Hutchinson University Library, Plutarch, — The Age of Alexander—Nine Greek Lives, Penguin Books Translation and notes: lan Scot-Kilvert, 1973 Renault, Mary — The Nature of Alexander, Penguin Books, U.K., 1983 Robinson,C.A. — The ...
... of Sandrocottus. The dropping of the letter S as an initial sound in foreign names was a frequent practice among the Greeks. The Sindhu became the Indus and even Sandrocottus became Androcottus in Plutarch (Life of Alexander, LXII) as well as Appian (Syriaca, 55). If Amirachates is a name with an initial S omitted, we have actually Samudragupta to deal with and it sounds very much like a variant ...
... Milton's, full of what has been called his "grand style". Literary pilfering is an old profession. Virgil lifted chunks out of Homer, and Shakespeare took most of his plots from Bandello and versified Plutarch in many places. But Milton stands at the head of those who have made a pastiche or mosaic of pilferings. And his own attitude to this kind of literary activity is clearly stated in a prose work of ...
... origin, they were initially an autumn festival of plowing and sowing based on the legend of Demeter and Kore. "One day Kore, Demeter's daughter, was gathering flowers in the ____________ * Plutarch: (ca AD 46- 120) Greek biographer and moralist. Page 22 fields of Nysa when she suddenly noticed a narcissus of striking beauty. She ran to pick it, but as she bent down to do so the ...
... In case this turned out to be a useless expenditure, the government would be a loser. Mr. Norton was trying heart and soul to prevent such a loss to the government.... "Just as Holinshed and Plutarch had collected the material for Shakespeare's historical plays, in the same manner the police had collected the material for this drama of a case. And Mr. Norton happened to be the Shakespeare of this ...
... at most a successful compromise between Romanticism and Classicism. Shakespeare's allusions to Greek and Roman mythology, his adoption of Graeco-Roman themes in a few plays, his frequent laying of Plutarch's Lives under tax are only a thin veneer of Classicism over his utterly non-Classical verse: they are the tinges provided by the Renaissance's exultant interest in the literature of Greece and ...
... funerary rites of the Hyrcanian people: according to Greek and Latin sources, among the Hyrcanians it is the custom to let dogs (and among the Bactrians birds) devour the bodies of the deceased (cf. Plutarch's Moralia 499: Porphyry, De ab-stinentia 4,21; Sextus Empiricus, Hypotyposes 3,227; Cicero, Tusc. Disp. 1,45 & 108). In this case there would be no connection with the Namazga V culture. 210 ...
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