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... Psychology of Social Development and The Ideal of Human Unity were Sri Aurobindo's separate utterances of "the eternal word", as applied to the individual, the social or communal group and the global human family respectively. The Life Divine began with the first issue of the Arya in August 1914; Human Unity started more than a year later in September 1915, and Social Development two years... from the atomic to the cosmic (and beyond, too, to the transcendental), Man and Collective Man and the Human Totality occupy the realm between; and it is these latter that are the theme of Social Development and Human Unity. So important, indeed, are these two works - in themselves, no doubt, but even more in relation to The Life Divine - that Kishor Gandhi has categorically declared of Sri Aurobindo:... other books - but rather "the precious life-blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life". 5   Page 471 II The Psychology of Social Development was published in book form in 1949, and was given a new title. The Human Cycle. In the third and final sweep of its tremendous argument. The Life Divine is the projection of Sri Aurobindo's ...

... subsequently were revised by the author and published as books. The Human Cycle . The twenty-four chapters making up this work appeared in the Arya under the title The Psychology of Social Development between August 1916 and July 1918. Sri Aurobindo began with a discussion of the psychological theory of social and political development put forward by the German historian Karl Lamprecht (1856... Retaining some of Lamprecht's terminology, he went on to develop his own theory of "the cycle of society". During the 1930s, probably around 1937, he revised the Arya text of The Psychology of Social Development in two stages: the first revision was marked on a set of pages from the Arya , the second revision on a typed copy of the first. The revised text remained unpublished until 1949. At that time... revision after his accident in November 1938.) The revised text remained unpublished for more than a decade. In June 1949, asked about the possiblity of publishing this book and The Psychology of Social Development (which had not yet been renamed ), Sri Aurobindo answered that they have to be altered by the introduction of new chapters and rewriting of passages and in The Ideal changes have to ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... large numbers of people. A study of Marx and Lenin produced a powerful effect on my mind and helped me to see history and current affairs in a new light. The long chain of history and of social development appeared to have some meaning, some sequence, and the future lost some of its obscurity. The practical achievements of the Soviet Union were also tremendously impressive. Often I disliked or... considerable help. But even accepting that approach, the consequences that flow from it and the interpretation on past and present happenings were by no means always clear. Marx's general analysis of social development seems to have been remarkably correct, and yet many developments took place later which did not fit in with his outlook for the immediate future. Lenin successfully adapted the Marxian thesis... of a proper balancing of an individual's inner and outer life, of an adjustment of the relations between individuals and between groups, of a continuous becoming something better and higher of social development, of the ceaseless adventure of man. In the solution of these problems the way of observation and precise knowledge and deliberate reasoning, according to the method of science, must be followed ...

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... the fine solidarity, the homogeneity of sentiment, which the possession of an agreeable social life has developed in France. And we cannot sufficiently admire the supreme virtue of that fine social development and large diffusion of general happiness, which has conserved for France in the midst of fearful political calamities her splendid cohesiveness as a nation and as a community. In England on the... so marked, the quarrel between them is nowhere so violent, sustained and ferocious as in the two countries which are proudest of their institutions and have most systematically neglected their social development—England and America. It is not therefore unreasonable to conclude—and had I space and leisure, I should be tempted to show that every circumstance tends to fortify the conclusion and convert ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   Bande Mataram
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... and women have descended from a single pair, they are a natural brotherhood. This brotherhood becomes more desirable among the people who embrace Islam. This is not parochialism but a natural social development. Faith has always been an integrating social agent and Islam is no exception. Islam wants its followers first to develop a strong brotherhood among themselves that cares for all and creates a... education assumes significance in reinforcing the familial values. Social scientists have recognized the potential role of education in dealing with the pressing problems of national, human and social development. A recurring concern has been how can education be used for adaptation to change without disrupting the traditional values cherished by the culture? The main objectives will be to underscore ...

... 1940-contd Talks with Sri Aurobindo 8 APRIL 1940 NIRODBARAN: X is asking if The Psychology of Social Development and The Ideal of Human Unity couldn't be published in England—at least one of them—by his publishers there. SRI AUROBINDO: Will they take them? NIRODBARAN: He can write and find out. Alien and Unwin have already included one chapter... chapter from The Ideal of Human Unity in one of their books. SRI AUROBINDO: It doesn't follow that they will publish whole books. SATYENDRA: The Psychology of Social Development is being translated into French. If it sells well in France, then in England also there may be a demand, SRI AUROBINDO: Again it doesn't follow. The French are more plastic and they are interested in these things. Besides ...

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... consequent richness and vigour of life without which the community cannot prolong its health and cohesion, — these problems are extremely important, and Sri Aurobindo formulates an ideal law of social development that needs to be applied, if the world is to be united and which is yet to provide to the individual the needed freedom for his growth, self-discovery, self-realisation and self-perfection. Sri... generating itself, when men and nations are drawn close together, and this is the time when we can justifiably develop a conscious hope to arrive at a conscious discovery of that ideal law of social development and its conscious application. He finds that the present moment is opportune for an upward march, particularly when people of the entire globe are getting united, although partially and in an ...

... Kena Upanishad — June 1915 to July 1916 The Ideal of Human Unity — September 1915 to July 1918 Essays on the Gita (First Series) — August 1916 to July 1918 The Psychology of Social Development — August 1916 to July 1918 (later published as The Human Cycle ) The Future Poetry — December 1917 to July 1920 Essays on the Gita (Second Series) — August 1918 to July 1920 The... in the human existence. But this is an individual self-development, and therefore it was necessary to show too how our ideal can work out in the social life of mankind. In the "Psychology of Social Development" we have indicated how these truths affect the evolution of human society. In the "Ideal of Human Unity" we have taken the present trend of mankind towards a closer unification and tried to ...

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... should commit one or other of various errors. We need not marvel if England, overconfident in her material success and the practical value of her institutions has concerned herself too little with social development and set small store by the discreet management of her masses: nor must we hold French judgment cheap because in the pursuit of social felicity and the pride of her magnificent cohesion France... hopelessly inadequate, that all our efforts repose on a body organically infirm to the verge of impotence and are in their scheme as in their practice selfishly frigid to Page 48 social development and the awakening of the masses. Here then we have got a little nearer to just and adequate comprehension. At any rate I hope to have enforced on my readers the precise and intrinsic meaning ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   Bande Mataram
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... The "Arya's" Fourth Year We close this month the fourth year of the "Arya", and bring to a conclusion at the same time the "Psychology of Social Development", the "Ideal of Human Unity" and the first series of the "Essays on the Gita". A few more chapters will complete the "Life Divine". We are therefore well in view of the completion of the first... in the human existence. But this is an individual self-development, and therefore it was necessary to show too how our ideal can work out in the social life of mankind. In the "Psychology of Social Development" we have indicated how these truths affect the evolution of human society. In the "Ideal of Human Unity" we have taken the present trend of mankind towards a closer unification and tried to ...

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... hope you will agree? Yes. But what about the poem on Prahlad, Guru ? I am eager to see your corrections. I am working at music now and reading your masterly Psychology of Social Development. Also doing meditation, japa, etc. of Mother’s name. May the inner surrender grow. I have read the poem once but I am now going through it line by line slowly and carefully – it can’t... feeling of weakness and lethargy without any cause (yesterday, I felt particularly weak, today I am better). Page 114 Am reading five to six hours your Psychology of Social Development and Chandi, etc. (religious books only) but can’t sit down to music or poetry. I don’t know why. For quite a long time I have been working fairly hard and steadily. If I have to go to Calcutta ...

... and lead a simple and beautiful life. Spirituality applied to social organisation would aim at realising the ideal law of social development. This ideal law would seek the harmony of the individual and the society. There is no better formulation of the ideal law of social development than that of Sri Aurobindo: Page 499 Thus the law for the individual is to perfect his individuality by ...

... Hopkins, G. M. 330, 536, 615,695 Hour of God, The, 209 House of Brut, The, 120, 152, 153-54 Human Cycle, The, 404, 448, 470ff; revised version of 'The psychology of Social Development', 472; Lamprecht's psychological cycle, 472; theories of Frazer, Spengler, Toynbee, 472; Vedic or 'Symbolic' Age, 473; a predominantly spiritual age, 473; 'symbol' to 'type', 473; 'typal' to... Prince of Edur, The, 119,120, 152,154-55 Prince of Mathura, The, 119 Pringle-Kennedy, Mrs. and Miss, 305, 365 Prothero, G. W., 33, 37 Psychology of Social Development, The, See The Human Cycle Punjabee, The, 234, 246 Pujalal, 579 Purani, A. B., 21, 34, 276, 411, 459, 536ff, 694 Purani, Chhotalal B., 276, 536, 537 ...

... at once with an adamantine tightness of argument and also a tropical richness of elaboration, in the massive sequences entitled The Life Divine, The Synthesis of Yoga, The Psychology of Social Development, The Ideal of Human Unity and The Future Poetry, all their total content is here brought in ever so disarmingly, suggestively, persuasively, and with such crystalline sincerity and candour... relevance. VI Life in Japan, then, if it was not outwardly hectic and exciting for Mirra, *This passage in the talk is a quotation from Sri Aurobindo's The Psychology of Social Development, Chapter XXII, published in the May 1918 issue of the Arya. Some more quotations from other works of Sri Aurobindo published in the Arya are also included in the later part of this talk ...

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... began with a variation of the type generally associated with the early history of the Aryan peoples; but certain features have a more general character and belong to a still earlier stage in the social development of the human race. It was a clan or tribal system, Kula, founded upon the equality of all the freemen of the clan or race; this was not at first firmly founded upon the territorial basis, the ...

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... which certain classes of society should arrogate development and full social fruition to themselves while assigning a bare and barren function of service alone to others. It is now fixed that social development and well-being mean the development and well-being of all the individuals in the society and not merely a flourishing of the community in the mass which resolves itself really into the splendour ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... The Human Cycle Chapter VII The Ideal Law of Social Development The true law of our development and the entire object of our social existence can only become clear to us when we have discovered not only, like modern Science, what man has been in his past physical and vital evolution, but his future mental and spiritual destiny and his place in the cycles ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... perfect union and even oneness in a free diversity is its goal, we have to try to see more clearly what we mean when we say that self-realisation is the sense, secret or overt, of individual and of social development. As yet we have not to deal with the race, with mankind as a unity; the nation is still our largest compact and living unit. And it is best to begin with the individual, both because of his nature ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... 1917-18. A half-page blank separates the present piece from piece 104. 104. Circa 1917-18. 105. Early 1917. Heading: "The Psychology of Social Development / VII"; this is the title under which the book later published as The Human Cycle appeared in the Arya ; the seventh instalment of the work, unrelated to the present piece, was published ...

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... political power and greatness and opulence of the mobilisable resources of the State than as an end in itself or a first consideration. Everything now is changed. The phenomenon of modern social development is the decline of the Brahmin and Kshatriya, of the Church, the military aristocracy and the aristocracy of letters and culture, and the rise to power or predominance of the commercial and industrial ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... at the outside, when it will be sent to you. At present I am preparing a revised edition of the "Ideal of Human Unity", already published in Madras but now out of print, and the "Psychology of Social Development", not yet published in book form, which I propose to bring out under another title, "The Human Cycle". The "Synthesis of Yoga" is too large a work to be included in a single book; I propose to ...

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... classical metres, but as these are mainly misprints there is no objection to their being made on the proofs when these are sent to us. As to The Ideal of Human Unity and The Psychology of Social Development they have to be altered by the introduction of new chapters and rewriting of passages and in the Ideal changes have to be made all through the book in order to bring it up to date, so it is ...

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... , within a period of six years (1914-1920), that Sri Aurobindo published most of his major works: The Life Divine , The Synthesis of Yoga , The Human Cycle (originally The Psychology of Social Development ), The Ideal of Human Unity , Essays on the Gita , The Secret of the Veda , The Future Poetry , The Foundations of Indian Culture (originally a number of series under other titles). ...

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... spirituality: The Foundations of Indian Culture (your friend Raja Rao considers Sri Aurobindo the best expositor of Indian culture) - The Human Cycle, originally titled The Psychology of Social Development (about which the famous Dr. Schweitzer wrote to the Ashram that he found it extremely important) - The Ideal of Human Unity - The Synthesis of Yoga (which expounds all the past Yogas and goes ...

... The Synthesis of Yoga . He asks when you will complete it. SATYENDRA: Its completion should logically follow that of The Life Divine. SRI AUROBINDO: I have to finish The Psychology of Social Development and The Ideal of Human Unity . Herbert showed the former to his friends. They said it would have a very good sale in Europe if translated. But the danger is that it might be translated in a ...

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... have to develop the unity of nations; unless they do that there will be always these recrudescences, till Nature forces us to come to a solution of the problem. PURANI: In The Psychology of Social Development, 5 you have said the same thing. The nations and tribes that resisted had to perish. SRI AUROBINDO: It was the same condition in France before the restoration of monarchy. On one side humanity ...

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... Gandhi because of his way of life and philosophy. PURANI: It seems The Life Divine is finished now. SRI AUROBINDO: Not yet; only the first draft is done. PURANI : The Psychology of Social Development won't take much time. SRI AUROBINDO: No. NIRODBARAN: Is that the next book? SRI AUROBINDO: Yes. (Then looking at Purani) The Ideal of Human Unity will have to be rewritten perhaps ...

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... of humanity will depend, according to Sri Aurobindo, upon the response that humanity will give to this necessity. In his book The Human Cycle, Sri Aurobindo has expounded the psychology of social development and shown how human society has not only crossed over the infra-rational age of human development but has also traversed a long path on the curve of the rational age and stands today at the end ...

... equality, and all contributing through their distinctive capacities to the fund of richness and variety at the global level. Page 106 Sri Aurobindo formulates therefore an ideal law of social development in which the truths of the individual, of the nations and of humanity are all reconciled and synthesised. This is the law as he has formulated: Thus the law for the individual is to perfect ...

... it is only through processes of integral education that higher powers of self Page 213 determination can be fostered so as to unite the law of individual development and the law of social development for purposes of individual and collective perfection. Fifthly, India perceives that humanity today stands arrested because of the imbalance between the structural hugeness and development ...

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... Consciousness. 16. Sri Aurobindo's major works, published serially in the Arya between 1914-21, include The Life Divine, The Synthesis of Yoga, The Human Cycle (The Psychology of Social Development) and The Ideal of Human Unity. They were later revised by Sri Aurobindo and published as books. 17. From the Bhagavad Gita. 18. From the Bhagavad Gita: sarvathā vartamāno'pi ...

... THE HUMAN CYCLE Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry, 1949 Sri Aurobindo Library, New York, 1950 First appeared serially in the Arya under the title The Psychology of Social Development from August 1916 to July 1918. These articles were revised by the author for their publication in book form under the title The Human Cycle . Subsequently published together with The ...

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... Vasavadutta, a dramatic romance, written. 1916 The Mother leaves France for Japan. August 15 First instalments of Essays on the Gita and The Psychology of Social Development (later called The Human Cycle) in the Arya. 1917 December 15 First instalment of The Future Poetry in the Arya. 1918 January 15 Works at translations from ...

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... philosophy of The Life Divine, the ancient corroborations (or, rather, seminal anticipations) of this Supramental Manifesto. Other sequences - notably Essays on the Gita, The Psychology of Social Development, The Ideal of Human Unity, A Defence of Indian Culture and The Future Poetry - were started later, and usually four or five or six books were thus being written (or were writing themselves ...

... October Vasavadutta, a dramatic romance, written. 1916 — The Mother leaves France for Japan. August 15 First instalments of Essays on the Gita and The Psychology of Social Development (later called The Human Cycle) in the Arya. 1917 — December 15 First instalment of The Future Poetry in the Arya. 1918 — January 15 Works at translations from ...

... however I will simply state the motive principle of progress exemplified by England as a careful requisition and Page 35 high appraisal of sound machinery in preference to a scientific social development. But if we carry our glance across the English Channel, we shall witness a very different and more animating spectacle. Gifted with a lighter, subtler and clearer mind than their insular ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   Bande Mataram
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... which I have myself insisted on repeatedly, with regard to the modern idea and attempt at some kind of political unification of humanity, as a very important part of the psychological sense of social development, and again in this question of a particular people's life and culture in all its parts and manifestations. I have insisted that uniformity is not a real but a dead unity: uniformity kills life ...

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... marching! There seem to have been strange misunderstandings about my second message in the Bulletin . In the first, I wrote about sports and their utility just as I have written on politics or social development or any other matter. In the second, I took up the question incidentally because people were expressing ignorance as to why the Ashram should concern itself with sports at all. I explained why ...

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... gradually destroying all that was good as well as much that was defective in the old society. With this programme of becoming a nation by denationalisation we have no sympathy. But if a healthy social development be aimed at, it is more likely to occur in a free India when the national needs will bring about a natural evolution. Society is not an artificial manufacture to be moulded and remodelled at ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   Bande Mataram
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... developed or developing being, and the king may well be their regulator; he may well fulfil the function which the Indian polity assigned to him, the upholder of the "dharma". But legislation, social development, culture, religion, even the determination of the economic life of the people are outside his proper sphere; they constitute the expression of the life, the thought, the soul of the society which ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... means of formation have to be discarded as obstacles to growth. Liberty then becomes the watchword of the race. The ecclesiastical order which suppressed liberty of thought and new ethical and social development, has to be dispossessed of its despotic authority, so that man may be mentally and spiritually free. The monopolies and privileges of the king and aristocracy have to be destroyed, so that all ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... modern ideal of an efficient culture and successful economic civilisation governed by the collective reason and organised knowledge of mankind can be either the highest or the widest goal of social development. The Hellenic ideal was roughly expressed in the old Latin maxim, a sound mind in a sound body. And by a sound body the ancients meant a healthy and beautiful body well-fitted for the rational ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... the deeper psychological elements so important in the activities of a mental, emotional, ideative being like man have been very much neglected. This kind of science would explain history and social development as much as possible by economic necessity or motive,—by economy understood in its widest sense. There are even historians who deny or put aside as of a very subsidiary importance the working ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... ready to set in when the common mind of man begins to be alive to these truths and to be moved or desire to be moved by this triple or triune Spirit. That will mean the turning of the cycle of social development which we have been considering out of its incomplete repetitions on a new upward line towards its goal. For having set out, according to our supposition, with a symbolic age, an age in which ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... development. The State principle leads necessarily to uniformity, regulation, mechanisation; its inevitable end is socialism. There is nothing fortuitous, no room for chance in political and social development, and the emergence of socialism was no accident or a thing that might or might not have been, but the inevitable result contained in the very seed of the State idea. It was inevitable from the ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... force may overpower the others or take them into itself or make some compromise, but an exclusive play seems to be neither intended nor possible. Thus an infrarational period of human and social development need not be without its elements, its strong elements of reason and of spirituality. Even the savage, whether he be primitive or degenerate man, has some coherent idea of this world and the beyond ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... collective self-expression. Meanwhile, the nascent subjectivism preparative of the new age has shown itself not so much in the relations of individuals or in the dominant ideas and tendencies of social development, which are still largely rationalistic and materialistic and only vaguely touched by the deeper subjective tendency, but in the new collective self-consciousness of man in that organic mass of ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... d for the Nobel Prize and called by him the greatest book of our times), The Synthesis of Yoga, Essays on the Gita, The Secret of the Veda, A Defence of Indian Culture, The Psychology of Social Development, The Ideal of Human Unity, The Future Poetry. Page 75 And the vast mental range here disclosed bore upon it the play of a vitalizing sunshine that fused logical acumen ...

Amal Kiran   >   Books   >   Other-Works   >   Evolving India
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... Divine (the metaphysical structure of that vision). The Synthesis of Yoga (the exposé of an integral technique of spiritual progression), The Human Cycle (studies in the psychology of social development and the search for values). The Ideal of Human Unity (an analysis of man's political aspirations and of present-day social, political and economic history), The Future ². ...

... religion if the profound religious impulse is not directly aligned to the supra-rational. Progress has to come often by an attack on religious systems and much of the modern world's intellectual and social development is due to its break with the religionism that was rampant up to the European Renaissance. But this break, for all its benefits of reaction towards freedom and wideness, is a negative force ...

... marching! There seem to have been strange misunderstandings about my second message in the Bulletin. In the first, I wrote about sports and their utility just as I have written on politics or social development or any other matter. In the second, I took up the question incidentally because people were expressing ignorance as to why the Ashram should concern itself with sports at all. I explained ...

... may overpower the others or take them into itself or make some compromise, but an exclusive play seems to be neither intended nor possible. Thus an infrarational period of human and social development need not be without its elements, its strong elements of reason and of spirituality. Even the savage, whether he be primitive or degenerate man, has some coherent idea of this world and the ...

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... such as Sri Aurobindo had come to envisage as the object of his own Yoga. The August 1916 issue of the Arya also contained the first instalment of a series called The Psychology of Social Development. In this book, later revised and published as The Human Cycle, Sri Aurobindo put forward ideas that shed light on the evolution of the Savitri-tale from its Vedic origins to the poem he was ...

... castes or classes. The greater the perfection of the individual, the greater will be the need of the perfection of the society, and this cannot but culminate in the operation of the ideal law of social development, where both the individual and the society Page 205 grow from within and aid each other in their progressive growth towards increasing harmony and unity. And such a development would ...

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... experience shows that it is only through processes of integral education that tygher powers of self-determination can be fostered so as to unite the law of individual development and the law of social development for purposes of individual and collective perfection. Fifthly, India perceives that humanity today stands arrested because of the imbalance between the structural hugeness and development ...

... marching! There seem to have been strange misunderstandings about my second message in the Bulletin. In the first I wrote about sports and their utility just as I have written on politics or social development or any other matter. In the second, I took up the question, incidentally, because people were expressing ignorance as to why the Ashram should concern itself with sports at all.... I indicated ...

... impose also on our readers. 201 (italics mine)   The Life Divine, The Synthesis of Yoga, Essays on the Gita, The Secret of the Veda, The Ideal of Human Unity, The Psychology of Social Development (now known as The Human Cycle) and The Future Poetry were the major products of such "continuous...high and subtle and difficult thinking on several lines", and they demand from the reader ...

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... spirits and the body of society (or humanity) act and react upon one another, and achieve the periodic lurches towards the future. As Sri Aurobindo wrote towards the end of The Psychology of Social Development ('The Human Cycle') in the Arya of June 1918: The Spirit in humanity discovers, develops, builds into form in the individual man: it is through the progressive and formative individual ...

... Aurobindo turned to some of its applications in the fields of social and political organisation, and of art and poetry. The Human Cycle is thus a notable little treatise on the psychology of social development. Man's primary urge should be to open to the higher light of the overhead planes of consciousness: to turn to the Divine, to achieve a progressive divinisation of his nature. As he once wrote ...

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... In the meantime, Sri Aurobindo was turning out his monumental prose sequences - The Life Divine, The Synthesis of Yoga, Essays on the Gita, The Ideal of Human Unity, The Psychology of Social Development, The Future Poetry, A Defence of Indian Culture - and, all by himself, publishing them serially, and more or less simultaneously, in the pages of the Arya . When the War came to an end at ...

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... past and throbbing present that is refreshingly original as well as stimulating and enlightening. Coming after The Life Divine, The Secret of the Veda, The Synthesis of Yoga, The Psychology of Social Development and The Ideal of Human Unity (only the Synthesis not yet concluded), these new series of essays that appeared during the last two and a half years of the Arya were more directly concerned ...

... future reality. Essays on the Gita, another series like The Secret of the Veda, was started in August 1916; and the complementary sequences - The Ideal of Human Unity and The Psychology of Social Development (now known as 'The Human Cycle') - began appearing from September 1915 and August 1916 respectively. Even what first commenced as a mere book-review sometimes spanned out into a treatise ...

... fact, there was an interclass mobility. But given human tendencies, it was easier for a carpenter's son to learn good carpentry. Therefore the hereditary principle emerged at an early stage of social development. But, mind you, the status of a man was not fixed by his birth, but by his capacities and his inner nature. With the passing of time came hierarchy, or a system of social classes. The classes ...

... every man felt himself to be something, a part of a single organism. We had the joint family by which we tried to establish the principle of association in our family life. We have not in our social developments followed the path which Europe has followed. We have never tended to break into scattered units. The principle of association, the attempt to organise brotherhood was dominant in our life. We... then and not until then you have knowledge, you have freedom, until then you are bound and ignorant. The equality which Europe has got is external political equality. She is now trying to achieve social equality. Nowadays their hard-earned political liberty is beginning to pall a little upon the people of Europe because they have found it does not give perfect well-being or happiness and it is barren... secretly, without injuring the feelings of the suffering, they gave help and saved men and women from starvation. This was the second crime of the Swadesh Bandhab Samiti. Then there was another. The social life of Bengal is full of discord and quarrels. Brother quarrels with brother and quarrels with bitter hatred. They carry their feud to the law-courts; they sin against the Mother in themselves and ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   Karmayogin
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