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... When General Otto von Lossow, commander of the Reichswehr in Bavaria, refused to act on his instructions, the federal Minister of Defence deposed him. Both the State Government of Bavaria and the federal Government of Germany declared a state of emergency on the same day in September. The President of Bavaria nominated Otto von Kahr “State Commissioner” with dictatorial powers and General von Lossow was... separatist and involved in a battle for prestige with Protestant Prussia. Munich, “Athens on the Isar”, was synonymous with culture, while Prussian Berlin stood for boorishness and aberration. “Since Bismarck had founded the Second German Reich, Bavaria had been little more than a provincial vassal and here opportunity was being offered for Munich to assume the leadership of Germany and take it away from... ion of the fourth estate was a direct cause of the conditions that made Hitler possible, and will be exploited to the utmost by the man himself. The general in command of the Reichswehr was Hans von Seeckt, a monocled officer of the Prussian school, very capable and very aware of his vital position and clout. Some counted him among the candidates for a rightist dictatorship. True, the German army ...

... Roots of Nazism Haffner, Sebastian: Anmerkungen zu Hitler Haffner, Sebastian: Defying Hitler Haffner, Sebastian: Germany: Jekyll & Hyde – 1939, Deutschland von innen betrachtet Haffner, Sebastian: Von Bismarck zu Hitler Hamann, Brigitte: Hitlers Wien – Lehrjahre eines Diktators Hamann, Brigitte: Winifred Wagner, oder Hitlers Bayreuth Hanfstängl, Ernst: Hitler – The... Walter: The Labyrinth Schnell, Ralf: Dichtung in finsteren Zeiten – Literatur und Faschismus Scholdt, Günter: Autoren über Hitler Sebottendorff, Rudolf von: Bevor Hitler kam, Roland Faksimile edition (2000) See, Klaus von: Barbar, Germane, Arier – Die Suche nach der Identität der Deutschen Sereny, Gitta: Albert Speer – His Battle with Truth Sereny, Gitta: The German Trauma... Barbara: The Proud Tower Turner, Stephen (ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Weber Ulbricht, Justus: Die Rückkehr der Mystiker im Verlagsprogramm von E. Diederichs, in Mystique, mysticisme, etc. Voltaire: Philosophical Dictionary von Schnurbein, Stefanie (ed.) and Justus Ulbricht: Völkische Religion und Krisen der Moderne Vrekhem, Georges Van: Beyond Man Vrekhem, Georges Van: ...

... nation was born in 1871, strangely enough in the Hall of Mirrors of Louis XIV’s palace at Versailles. Its formation was the result of the political talent and unrelenting efforts of one man, Otto von Bismarck, who became its first chancellor. The emperor of the new nation was the Hohenzollern William I, king of Prussia, who thus became the primus inter pares of no less than eighteen German princes... decade of the nineteenth century: the transition from an agrarian country into an industrial state. Sebastian Haffner writes: “Germany had already to a great extent become an individual state under Bismarck [who was Chancellor until 1894], but it was in the Wilhelmian period [i.e. under William II] that the industry developed as it did in no other land except far away America.” 398 The statistics provided... sparsely populated by backward, inferior people. Germany should become at the very least the dominant nation in Central Europe, not only economically but also politically and culturally. “Since Bismarck’s departure a kind of big power awareness had manifested itself. Many Germans of the Wilhelmian time, including members from all social classes, saw suddenly a great national vision, a national goal: ...

... Die Suche nach der Identität der Deutschen , p. 217, and Otto Holzapfel, op. cit., p. 138. 52 Joachim Fest: Hitler , p. 115. 53 Detlev Rose, op. cit., p. 27. 54 Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, op. cit., p. 133. 55 Rudolf von Sebottendorff, op. cit., p. 34. 56 Id., p. 42. 57 Nicolas Goodrick-Clarke, op. cit., p. 144. 58 Rudolf von Sebottendorff, op. cit., p. 52. 59 Detlev Rose, op.... 397 Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, op. cit.,, p. 98. 398 Sebastian Haffner: Von Bismarck zu Hitler, p. 90. 399 Barbara Tuchman: The Proud Tower, p. 331. 400 Sebastian Haffner, op. cit.,, pp. 88-89. 401 Konrad Heiden: The Fuehrer, p. 194. 402 Fritz Fischer: Krieg der Illusionen, p. 66. 403 Klaus von See: Barbar, Germane, Arier, p. 292. 404 Brigitte Hamann: Winifred Wagner... 707 Hildegard Châtellier: Entre religion et philosophie: approaches du spiritisme chez Hanns von Gumppenberg, in: Mystique, mysticisme, etc., pp. 115 ff. 708 Steven Aschheim: Nietzsche und die Deutschen – Karriere eines Kults, p. 72. 709 Otto Friedrich: Before the Deluge, p. 226. 710 Hugo von Hofmannsthal, in Stefan Breur, op. cit., p. 25. 711 Ibid. 712 Michael Baigent and Richard ...

... national unity, the more burning became the preoccupation with the Jewish question”, George Mosse too observes. One important focus of such a cycle was of course the unification of Germany by Otto von Bismarck in 1871. From that date onwards the open attacks on the Jews will no longer be felt to be a general matter of opinion or racial theory, but a necessary defence of the well-being of the nation... abate for nearly twenty years. It was as if all the quiet streams of prejudice conjoined in a massive flow of anti-Semitic hate, inundating the whole country. It began at the end of 1879, when Heinrich von Treitschke, National Liberal and prestigious professor of history at the University of Berlin, started a series of articles on the Jewish question in the Preussische Jahrbücher, which he edited. ‘Even... whole man, for he still shared traits with the apes.” 571 The Austrian Antisemitenbund was founded in 1889, in a country which was even more anti-Semitic than Germany, and where figures like Georg von Schönerer and Karl Lueger made a lasting impression on “Adi”. The next year saw the birth of the German Antisemitische Volkspartei, which received 48 000 votes, but three years later 260 000. “In fact ...

... Munich and had it renovated into the local Nazi headquarters by his favourite architect, who was soon to die, Paul Troost. Two busts were installed in what was called the “Senate Hall”: the one of Otto von Bismarck, the other of Dietrich Eckart. In the canteen of that building was a seat permanently reserved for the Führer, under a bust of Eckart. The person most often mentioned in Hitler’s monologues ...