... variation in living Nature could not always rest satisfied with that scanty sustenance. On the other hand, a looser confederacy might well be open to the objection that it would give too ready a handle for centrifugal forces, were such to arise in new strength. A loose confederation could not be permanent; it must turn in one direction or the other, end either in a close and rigid centralisation or... culminate or at least is likely to culminate in one of two forms. There is likely to be either a centralised World-State or a looser world-union which may be either a close federation or a simple confederacy of the peoples for the common ends of mankind. The last form is the most desirable, because it gives sufficient scope for the principle of variation which is necessary for the free play of life and... certain conditions that are by no means beyond the scope of ultimate possibility, may well become feasible and even, after a certain point is reached, inevitable. A federal system and still more a confederacy would mean, on the other hand, the preservation of the national basis and a greater or less freedom of national life, but the subordination of the separate national to the larger common interests ...
... suggest some practical lines along which this unity can be established and cemented. On the political and economic fronts, it will be necessary to move towards the creation of a confederation in the subcontinent. This confederation will include all the nations that constitute SAARC. Institutions will have to be created which will help foster unity in all the fields of human activity. Messages from... of the political unity of India, we mean the unity of the whole subcontinent and not just the unity of India and Pakistan. The question whether the unity will take the form of a federation or a confederation depends on circumstances and is not of paramount importance. But the creation of this unity is of great importance not only for India, but also for the whole world. In fact, one might go so far ...
... steadfastly, there will inevitably come about a deep psychological unity leading to a confederation of India, which will include all the countries of the subcontinent. This will be the natural and final outcome and culminate in a lasting and durable political unification. The need to move towards a confederation of India As these steps are taken and a sense of unity begins to... to prevail in the subcontinent, there will result a movement Page 187 towards creating a confederation. This confederation of India will include all the States within SAARC and at a later stage could even include Afghanistan and Myanmar. However, certain conditions have to be kept in mind and scrupulously fulfilled. The first condition is that the Indian government must scrupulously... management of the great common questions of the confederation. India herself can be nothing more in the future of such a new type of aggregate than a political and cultural centre, the clamp or nodus of the union. Given this orientation of the governing mind in India, nothing short of some unforeseen cataclysm can prevent the formation of a confederation in which each part will preserve its individuality ...
... western unit, which cannot be economically self-sufficient, Pakistan will be obliged to form a confederation with India and to understand that its destiny is inseparable from that of India. Here a wiser Russia and a wiser America, and a frightened earth, will become aware that they too must form a confederation of the nations of the earth and that the fate of any one nation is inseparable from that of ...
... races and peoples of the peninsula. But they were not blind to the necessity of a political unification. Observing the constant tendency of the clan life of the Aryan peoples to consolidate under confederacies and hegemonies of varying proportions, vairājya, sāmrājya , they saw that to follow this line to its full conclusion was the right way and evolved therefore the ideal of the Chakravarti, a uniting... to be secured at the expense of the free life of the regional peoples or of the communal liberties and not therefore by a centralised monarchy or a rigidly unitarian imperial State. A hegemony or confederacy under an imperial head would be the nearest Western analogy to the conception they sought to impose on the minds of the people. There is no historical evidence that this ideal was ever successfully... centuries against Islam in the hills of Rajputana, and in its worst days still built and maintained against the whole power of the ablest of the Moguls the kingdom of Shivaji, formed the Mahratta confederacy and the Sikh Khalsa, undermined the great Mogul structure and again made a last attempt at empire. On the brink of the final and almost fatal collapse in the midst of unspeakable darkness, disunion ...
... × As far as Satprem remembers. Mother envisaged a confederation of all the small Himalayan states (and even the Asian states) to guard against China. India was to be the leader of this confederation. × Original English. ...
... half-conscious leader of its march, he must come out of his present chaotic international life and arrive at a beginning of organised united action; some kind of World-State, unitary or federal, or a confederacy or a coalition he must arrive at in the end; no smaller or looser expedient would adequately serve the purpose. Sri Aurobindo, The Human Cycle: A Postscript Chapter All those who make ...
... A collectivity of confederacies leads us to see in Plutarch's "Kings of the Gāngāritai and the Praisiai" more than merely a couple of crowned heads: the kings of the several Gangetic confederacies might be present, side by side with one or more royal leaders of the other group. Then Plutarch's later single "king" would be the royal leader of the largest Gangetic confederacy, who was virtually... likely expression is the possible Prakrit Gangārāttā, "Ganges-State". It would denote either of two political entities. There could be a confederacy of different countries, with minor heads under one paramount lord. Or there could be a number of confederacies of varying size and importance, each with its rāja, king, and functioning in practical independence but having a general interrelation... Mookerji: 2 "In Panini's time there were both individual republics functioning by themselves and confederacies of such republics such as the Trigarta-shashtha, or the Sdlvas..." In the very time of Alexander, says Mookerji, 3 "some kind of national opposition was organised... by the confederacy of the Kshudrakas and Malavas who united their military resources in a powerful allied army. Such ...
... half-conscious leader of its march, he must come out of his present chaotic international life and arrive at a beginning of organized united action; some kind of World-State, unitary or federal, or a confederacy or a coalition he must arrive at in the end; no smaller or looser expedient would adequately serve the purpose.” 947 ...
... l separation does tend towards a divergence, often an opposition of economic interests, and an imperial Zollverein, natural enough between the States of the German Empire or a Central European Confederation such as was planned by one side in the great war, would be an artificial creation as between widely separated countries and would need constant vigilance and tender handling; yet, at the same time... mind that her possible destiny is not that of a dominant country compelling all the parts of her dominions to uniformity with her or to perpetual subordination, but that of the centre of a great confederation of States and nations coalescing by her attraction into a new supra-national unity. Here the first condition is that she must scrupulously respect the free internal life and will, the social, cultural ...
... of Human Unity The Ideal of Human Unity The Ideal of Human Unity - II The Human Cycle Chapter XXX The Principle of Free Confederation The issues of the original Russian idea of a confederation of free self-determining nationalities were greatly complicated by the transitory phenomenon of a revolution which has sought, like the French Revolution before ...
... done that way. I've seen how. It won't be through battle. The different parts of Pakistan will demand separation. There are five of them and by separating, they will join India - to form a sort of confederation. That is how it will be done. It is not for this time also. It will take some more time". And She added: "One of the things foreseen is the conversion of America, the United States, but it will... said: "We are plainly heading for the disintegration of Pakistan". Thus what was said was that these five parts would secede and that there would be a conversion of America. Then there would be a Confederation of India and then the work of Sri Aurobindo would start in a big way. Six months after the cease-fire, on Jul. 2, 1972, Mrs Indira Gandhi and the Pakistan Prime Minister, Z.A.Bhutto, signed ...
... whom had studied something at least of history, could ever have cherished them. But when Mr. Naoroji began his career nothing more real and solid was possible. The falling in pieces of the Maratha Confederacy and the overthrow of the Sikh power had left the Punjab and the Deccan stupefied and apathetic; the rest of India was politically exhausted and inert. In such circumstances it was inevitable that ...
... well be by methods very different from those with which history has made us so familiar; war might be eliminated or reduced to a rare phenomenon of civil war in the international commonwealth or confederacy; new forms of coercion, such as the commercial which we now see to be growing in frequency, might ordinarily take its place; other devices might be brought into being of which we have at present... unrealisable with the present strength of national egoisms, the growth of ideas and the force of changing circumstances might some day bring about such a creation and this might lead to a closer confederacy. America seems to be turning dimly towards a better understanding between the increasingly cosmopolitan United States and the Latin republics of Central and South America which may in certain co ...
... of the areas ruled by Tipu Sultan. The war against the Marathas led by Nana Phadnavis followed. By 1799, Tipu Sultan was defeated and in the following twenty years the mighty power of the Maratha confederacy was reduced to ashes and dust. In the meantime, the Moghul emperor in Delhi had shrunk to a mere shadow of his former self; soon he was to become a pensioner of the Company and its virtual prisoner ...
... the independent Republic of Ireland. × Home Rule now replaced by Dominion Status which means a confederation in fact though not yet in form. ...
... become a nation. We believe that this newly awakened people, when it has gathered its strength together, neither can nor ought to consent to any relations with England less than that of equals in a confederacy. To be content with the relations of master and dependent or superior and subordinate, would be a mean and pitiful aspiration unworthy of manhood; to strive for anything less than a strong and glorious ...
... than one of you leads a life more pleasant than mine, for after having fought the whole day, I _______________ 1 Hegemony: ascendancy or domination of one power or state within a league, confederation, etc., or of one social class over others. Page 79 Still have to stay awake at night so that you may sleep peacefully. Those who bear wounds, show them! And I will show mine. There ...
... half-conscious leader of its march, he must come out of his present chaotic international life and arrive at a beginning of organised united action; some kind of World-State, unitary or federal, or a confederacy or a coalition he must arrive at in the end; no smaller or looser expedient would adequately serve the purpose. In that case, the general thesis advanced in this book would stand justified and we... which all subjection or forced inequality and subordination of one to another would have disappeared and, though some might preserve a greater natural influence, all would have an equal status. A confederacy would give the greatest freedom to the nations constituting the World-State, but this might give too much room for fissiparous or centrifugal tendencies to operate; a federal order would then be ...
... Jacob's immediate descendants migrated to Egypt, where they fell on bad days. How Moses led the Exodus of the enslaved Hebrew tribes out of Egypt, 1 how he welded the various tribes into a confederation during their forty years of wandering, receiving on the 1. The Exodus is supposed to have begun in 1447 B.C., which would make Moses a contemporary of Sri Krishna. And peculiarly enough ...
... feeling of encirclement and insecurity for its expansion which was imposed on the Reich by its peculiar placement in Europe. Another example of the same tendency was the strength which the idea of confederation acquired as a result of war in England and her colonies. So long as the colonies could stand aloof and unaffected by England's wars and foreign policy, this idea had little chance of effectuation; ...
... form, would be equally inappropriate to the greater diversity and freedom of national development which this type of world-union would hold as one of its cardinal principles. Rather some kind of confederation of the peoples for common human ends, for the removal of all causes of strife and difference, for interrelation and the regulation of mutual aid and interchange, yet leaving to each unit a full ...
... that way. I've seen how. It won't be done through a battle: the different parts of Pakistan will demand separation. There are five of them. And by separating, they'll join India—to form a sort of confederation. That's how it will be done. It will break up from within, yes, I see. That's right. That's how it will be done. Page 334 I saw it, I don't remember what day (recently), all ...
... unification was needed. The ancient seers of India were not blind to this necessity. Observing that the constant tendency of the clan life of the Aryan peoples was to consolidate under confederacies and hegemonies of varying proportions, -'such as vairajya, samrajya', - they saw that to follow this line to its full conclusion was the right way. They evolved therefore, the ideal of the Chakravarti... be secured at the expense of the free life of the regional peoples or of communal liberties. This could not be done by a centralized monarchy or a rigidly Unitarian imperial State. A hegemony or confederacy under an imperial head would be the nearest Western analogy to the conception they sought to impose on the minds of the people. The consequences of this approach Given this ...
... need of a movement of unification and the republics were factors of division: strong for themselves, they could do nothing for the organisation of the peninsula, too vast indeed for any system of confederation of small states to be possible—and indeed in the ancient world that endeavour nowhere succeeded, always it Page 390 broke down in the effort of expansion beyond certain narrow limits ...
... present conditions; but such unities could have only two rational purposes, one as a half-way house to the unity of all the nations of the world and an experiment in administrative and economic confederation on a large scale, the other as a means of habituating nations of different race, traditions, colour, civilisation to dwell together in a common political family as the whole human race would have ...
... where necessary, by physical force or economic or other pressure persuade or compel all the nations into some more stringent system of international unification. A World-State or else a close confederation of democratic peoples might be created with a common governing body for the decision of principles and for all generally important affairs or at least for all properly international affairs and ...
... habits in which our being is so complacently imprisoned. It widens our consciousness and calls forth our latent strength. But if we go behind pain Page 93 and suffering, behind the confederacy of untoward impacts and circumstances, we shall discover the organising and directing will of the soul, its will to grow, to develop by experience, to harmonise and unify the discordant elements ...
... is most probably an echo of the possible Prakrit expression, Gangārāttā, 'Ganges-States', denoting a number of confederacies of varying size and importance held together - however loosely - in spite of several kings by the predominant position of the king of the central confederacy. "A comprehensive sense related to the Ganges in its entirety is the sole logical one not only in view of ...
... District Gazetteer, H. R. Pate, observes: 'Nelkatumseval is chiefly memorable as having been the stronghold of the redoubtable Puli Thevar, who figured for many years as the leader of the Marava Confederacy against the troops of the Nawab and the Company. He had a shrewd insight into the political situation of the time and was a veritable thorn against the side of the Nawab's agents.' ... was finally put down in 1761 by Yusuf Khan, who had been nominated the Governor of 'Madura' and 'Tinnevelly' in 1758 by the British, despite Nawab Mohammed Ali's objections. The western confederacy was led by Nelkattumsevval which literally means 'Rice tribute paying place', but after its ruler Puli Thevar's successful attempts at defying Mohammed Ali, the name changed into Nelkattansevval ...
... incorporation into West Germany. Arguing that their goal was to create one Germany, they chanted a slogan that the Reds should leave East Germany. Demonstrators carried a placard in favour of confederation with West Germany and a poster nominating West German President von Weizsacker for President of a reunified Germany and Gorbachev for the European Union President. Bowing to the mounting pressure ...
... their civilization. To protect themselves against future Persian invasions, they formed the Delian Confederacy under Athenian leadership. While the other city-states contributed money towards its funds, Athens contributed ships, which led to its control over the other city-states, and the confederacy eventually transformed into an Athenian empire. This marked in single ink the preliminary sketches ...
... ' burst forth with the cry of " Vande Mataram " with a vision of free Mother India, and satyagraha was the method or the technique. The earlier movement ended in the establishment of the Maratha confederacy falling short of a united India and now the latest movement has given us a republic and a united India (though paradoxically, it has also brought the division of India along religious lines). Sri ...
... Indian subcontinent, for that season of travail and apprehension and uncertainty could have been turned into the hour of rebirth and rehabilitation, with India, Pakistan and Bangladesh forming a confederation or a subcontinental economic community. And if such a consummation could be wrought even now, or in the near future, it would mean redeeming the old undivided past and winning a future for remoulding ...
... races and peoples of the peninsula. But they were not blind to the necessity of a political unification. Observing the constant tendency of the clan life of the Aryan peoples to consolidate under confederacies and hegemonies of varying proportions, vairajya, samrajya, they saw that to follow this line to its full conclusion was the right way and evolved therefore the ideal of the cakravartin, a uniting... to be secured at the expense of the free life of the regional peoples or of the communal liberties and not therefore by a centralised monarchy or a rigidly unitarian imperial State. A hegemony or confederacy under an imperial head would be the nearest western analogy to the conception they sought to impose on the minds of the people. — The Foundations of Indian Culture, Vol.14, SABCL, pp. ...
... 'infringing national sovereignty', Force Ouvriere, led by Leon Jouhaux, and the C F T C, under Gaston Teissier, approved it in principle. At its conference in Dusseldorf on May 23, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions gave the plan its support and expressed its desire to take part. These positive reactions contrasted with the prudence of the Socialist political parties. In France, under the... the French Employers' Organization; the leaders of the coal and steel industries; and the trade unionists Robert Bothereau, also of Force Ouvriere, and Gaston Teissier of the Catholic Workers' Confederation, the CFTC. Herve Alphand was to maintain liaison between the conference and the British Government. The other national delegations were made up on similar lines. I quickly split them up into working... day this process will lead us to the United States of Europe; but I see no point in trying to imagine today what political form it will take. The words about which people argue — federation or confederation — are inadequate and imprecise. What we are preparing, through the work of the Community, is probably without precedent. The Community itself is founded on institutions, and they need strengthening; ...
... play up the social, but neither need the whole thing be vice versa. Raychaudhuri' gives the right outlook on the Manusamhitā's designation of what he calls "the most famous clan of the Vrijian confederacy". He says: "Early Indian tradition is unanimous in representing the Lichchhavis as Kshatriyas... Manu concurs in the view that the Lichchhavis are Rājanyas or Kshatriyas [X. 22]... The obvious ...
... ’ 23 The Mother has even predicted how that would come to pass: Pakistan, divided into provinces on the lines of its ethnic populations, will fall apart and the separate regions will seek a confederation with India, which itself, as a solution to its internal problems, will become a still more confederate state than it is at the moment. India had a grand past. Those who know the country better ...
... imperfection in it. But that does not matter at all … My ardent request to India is that it should not reject it. She must not make the same mistake that France has made recently [when refusing a close confederation with Great Britain] and that has plunged her into the abyss.’ 38 Sri Aurobindo and the Mother sent Duraiswamy to New Delhi in order to plead for acceptance of the proposals with the leaders ...
... and without any definite issue, and the Bhakta tends to withdraw from it in order to enjoy an unbroken continuity of the inner union. In almost all religions and philosophies there is a curious confederacy of silence over the purpose of the soul's birth in the material world. To call the birth a fall explains nothing, unless you account for the fall and discover its rationale; for, surely in the divine ...
... presence of an Austrian warship at Durazzo, the rumour of the Austrian consul being killed, etc. Yesterday there came in the mind the positive idea that Turkey had asked to be included in the Balkan Confederacy; today the same is given (in yesterday's evening paper reaching here this morning), as a strange piece of news from Constantinople and Sofia. This is striking as there was neither data nor probability... now coming in, eg. from M [Motilal] in Bengal that he intended to send more money, confirmed a few days afterward; the previous knowledge of the rumour that the Turks had asked to join the Balkan Confederacy, the knowledge of the Unionist conspiracy in Constantinople & a number of other instances relating to the Balkan war. This power, indeed, has been working for a long time, but it is only now regularised ...
... disintegration, unless the bonds of empire are voluntarily relaxed so as to make them tolerable, and also unless there is a spirit of give and take among the constituents of the empire or federation or confederation. The idea of unity - whether in smaller or larger aggregates - has sought in the past to realise itself, first, by the development of a central authority, second, by bringing about a measure ...
... 20 The Mother has even predicted how this would come to pass: Pakistan, divided into provinces on the lines of its ethnic populations, would fall apart and the separate regions would seek a confederation with India – which itself, as a solution to its internal problems, would become a still more confederate state than it is at the moment. 21 Sri Aurobindo’s second dream ‘was for the resurgence ...
... half-conscious leader of its march, he must come out of his present chaotic international life and arrive at a beginning of organised united action; some kind of World-State, unitary or federal, or a confederacy or a coalition he must arrive at in the end; no smaller or looser expedient would adequately serve the purpose.” 76 “An authority of this nature [then the League of Nations, now the United ...
... (Lipi) (6) It is impossible to defeat the Bulgarians at Tchataldja .. by the false tejas. It is hopeless to expect assistance from the Europeans .. Defeat of the Bulgarians .. Dissolution of the Confederacy. (Lipi). (7) Songe. (Lipi, indicating some progress in Dream). No 6. seems to mirror the struggle between tejas & tamas and cannot be confidently accepted as anything but a lipi of vyapti, ...
... annual in one master-stroke of statesmanship the rages and ravages of the last twenty-five years. It is the Phoenix hour, and India, Bangla, Desh and what remains of Pakistan could even now form a confederation or a sub-continental economic community, thereby redeeming the poisoned Page 713 time and remoulding our common destinies. And if such a consummation should be brought about ...
... The third means the concession of self-government to India. In case I, there will only remain four considerable powers in Europe & Asia, Russia, France, England, Japan—with perhaps a Balkan Confederacy or Empire as a fifth. That means as the next stage a struggle between England & Russia in Asia. There again England is reduced to one of the three alternatives or a combination of them. Of course ...
... allied, expressed their loyalty in a cult. We find at Ilion a priest of Antiochus I soon after his accession...; and a cult of the same king celebrated by Bargylia after his death and by the Ionian Confederacy during his lifetime." Lastly, we have to determine when exactly the word "Devaputra" as referring to a foreign king was heard on Indian soil. Arrian (VII.2) writes about Alexander in India:... 2. Op. cit. , p. 69. 3.Sircar, Select Inscriptions, p. 277. n.5. Page 526 phrases: 1 "Conquest of the Vanga countries (Vangeshu) by his battling alone against a confederacy of enemies united against him (Śatrun-sametyagatān)." Vanga is central Bengal: its conquest takes us to eastern India. According to our reading of Justin's passage on Sandrocottus's military deeds... in the Purānas and then secured his rear by carrying out the first achievement described in the Meherauli Pillar: "Conquest of the Vanga countries (Vangeshu) by his battling alone against a confederacy of enemies united against him (śatrun-sametyāgatan)." 1 But, according to Mookerji, the difficulty of the identification is, so far as the conquests are involved, that "by no stretch of imagination ...
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