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... create as a bridge from the nation-idea to the empire-idea of political unity. That which unites men most securely now is the physical unity of a common country to live in and defend, a common economic life dependent on that geographical oneness and the sentiment of the motherland which grows up around the physical and economic fact and either creates a political and administrative unity or keeps it... separate body, a separate physical country, in the Irish mind, but by a violent miscalculation of cause and effect they emphasised both in the strongest possible manner. In the first place, the economic life and prosperity of Ireland were deliberately crushed in the interests of British trade and commerce. After that it was of little use to bring about, by means which one shrinks from scrutinising, ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... understanding and help must follow such an align­ment of economic forces.   It must also be noted that all countries need not and cannot have the same pattern of economic life, even that of a successful economic life. A vast country like India, with the manifold resources of a whole continent, can at once be industrial and agricultural-modern America, to some extent, is an example of this ...

... a better humanity or perhaps a greater, superhuman race." Revolutions of the Future "...it is questions, not of taxation, but... of the proper organisation and administration of the economic life of the society which are preparing the revolutions of the future." The Future of Monarchy, Aristocracy, Theocracy, Democracy and Socialism "It is not meant that in a perfect society... determine the whole social life of the nation, it is much too large for him; no society would bear the heavy hand of an arbitrary individual on its whole social living. He cannot determine the economic life, that too is much too large for him; he can only watch over it and help it in this or that direction where help is needed. He cannot determine the religious life, though that attempt has been made; ...

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... mutual understanding and help must follow such an alignment of economic forces. It must also be noted that all countries need not and cannot have the same pattern of economic life, even that of a successful economic life. A vast country like India, with the manifold resources of a whole continent, can at once be industrial and agricultural— modern America, to some extent, is an example of this ...

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... regulator; he may well fulfil the function which the Indian polity assigned to him, the upholder of the "dharma". But legislation, social development, culture, religion, even the determination of the economic life of the people are outside his proper sphere; they constitute the expression of the life, the thought, the soul of the society which, if he is a strong personality in touch with the spirit of the... social life of the nation, it is much too large for him; no society would Page 457 bear the heavy hand of an arbitrary individual on its whole social living. He cannot determine the economic life, that too is much too large for him; he can only watch over it and help it in this or that direction where help is needed. He cannot determine the religious life, though that attempt has been made;... this idea. Uniformity of the social and economic principles and processes that govern the collectivity secured by means of a fundamental equality of all and the management of the whole social and economic life in all its parts by the State; uniformity of culture by the process of a State education organised upon scientific lines; to regularise and maintain the whole a unified, uniform and perfectly organised ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... centre of their life, not its basis or firm ground of existence, not its supporting earth but only its general air or circumambient atmosphere. Their base of existence lay in the political and economic life which was strongly separate in each country, and it was the very strength of the political consciousness in the Western mind that kept Europe a mass of divided and constantly warring nations. It... humanity between the Himalayas and the two seas. The peoples of ancient India were never so much distinct nations sharply divided from each other by a separate political Page 428 and economic life as sub-peoples of a great spiritual and cultural nation itself firmly separated, physically, from other countries by the seas and the mountains and from other nations by its strong sense of difference ...

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... government whose natural function is to create and ensure a uniform administration. A central government is necessary to every aggregate which seeks to arrive at an organic unity of its political and economic life. Although nominally or to begin with this central government may be only an organ created by several States that still claim to be sovereign within their own borders, an instrument to which for... the instrument. This organisation is partly called for by the same needs as create the instrument, but much more by the advantages of uniformity for a well-ordered social and Page 442 economic life based upon a convenience of which life is careless but which the intelligence of man constantly demands,—a clear, simple and, as far as the complexity of life will allow, a facile principle of order ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... endure. A certain concentration of the final power of decision in economic matters would be also in time inevitable. And in the end this supremacy could not stop short of a complete control. For the economic life of the world is becoming more and more one and indivisible; but the present Page 497 state of international relations is an anomalous condition of opposite principles partly in conflict... jealousies of this or that nation would be compelled to subordinate themselves to the human good. The ideal of mutual exploitation would be replaced by the ideal of a fit and proper share in the united economic life of the race. Especially, as socialism advanced and began to regulate the whole economic existence of separate countries, the same principle would gain ground in the international field and in the ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... all received values were overthrown and all firm ground seemed to disappear from its social organisation, its conduct and its culture. For this ideal, this conscious stress on the material and economic life was in fact a civilised reversion to the first state of man, his early barbaric state and its preoccupation with life and matter, a spiritual retrogression with the resources of the mind of a developed... pointed mankind; this is a reversion towards something that she had left behind her. Another solution that is attempted reposes still on the materialistic reason and a unified organisation of the economic life of the race; but the method that is being employed is the same, a forced compression and imposed unanimity of mind and life and a mechanical organisation of the communal existence. A unanimity of ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Life Divine
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... all this great surge of humanity between the Himalayas and the two seas. The peoples of ancient India were not so much distinct nations sharply divided from each other by a separate political and economic life; rather, they were sub-peoples of a great spiritual and cultural nation itself firmly separated physically, from other countries by the seas and the mountains and from other nations by its strong... cultural unity into a political unity. For without a strong political unity, neither would it be possible to defend ourselves from aggression nor to organise effectively our external political and economic life. But the task was beset with problems; the problems were enormous and seemed to defy solution despite many heroic attempts in the past. Thus once more in the words of Sri Aurobindo: 'The ...

... atomic age " proposes that by a rational utilisation of the atom-energy it is possible to solve the problems of humanity. He seems to think that the problem is only external, touching only the economic life of man. I am afraid he oversimplifies the problem. Tracing man's evolution up to now he puts it in three heads: ( 1 )Man Vs. Nature, ( 2 ) Man Vs. Man, ( 3 ) Man divided in his own self, a state... Page 64 3. Up to the end of the 17th century nations defeated in War bad to face the ruin not only of their political life but had to pay the victors the penalty of the War. The economic life of the vanquished was ruined for generations. After the two World-Wars there has been a radical change in that attitude. The shattered life of the defeated nation has to be helped to stand on its ...

... tries to read the signs of the time, will be no little perplexed at first by their complexity. The beginnings of a great revolution which is destined to change the whole political, social, and economic life of a great country, are always full of ebb and flow, perplexing by the multitude of details and their continual interaction. The struggle going on at Tuticorin exemplifies this remarkable diversity ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   Bande Mataram
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... result is a very unpleasant discord. In the constructive work of the Ashrama, with regard to education and culture, I should say that we have been able to do very, very little. And with regard to economic life, we had no permanent resources, we financed ourselves with the help of friends. Very likely, in the present condition, we cannot henceforward receive financial help nor do we like to seek it. And ...

... has the soul lodged in a vitalistic European occupied with dynamic production and vital pleasure Page 792 or in an Asiatic peasant engrossed in the ignorant round of the domestic and economic life. We may reasonably doubt whether even a Plato or a Shankara marks the crown and therefore the end of the outflowering of the spirit in man. We are apt to suppose that these may be the limit, because ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Life Divine
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... g his instincts and emotions by his will and his reason, acquainted with all that he should know of the world and his past, capable of organising intelligently by that knowledge his social and economic life, ordering rightly his bodily habits and physical being, this is the conception that now governs civilised humanity. It is, in essence, a return to and a larger development of the old Hellenic ideal ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... generated a sense of revolt against the possible repetition of this vast catastrophe; still more strongly felt was the necessity for finding means to prevent the unparalleled dislocation of the economic life of the race which was brought about by the convulsion. Therefore, it is in these two directions that some real development could be expected; for so much must be attempted if the general expectation ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... Even here, however, the complex unity of existence asserts its truth: in the end man's total intellectual and cultural growth suffers by social immobility,—by any restriction or poverty of his economic life; the spiritual existence of the race, if it attains to remote heights, weakens at last in its richness and continued sources of vivacity when it depends on a too standardised and regimented society; ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... military force in its hands, but to commence consciously in the beginning what the national State only arrived at by a slow and natural development, the ordering of the commercial, industrial, economic life of the race and the control at first, no doubt, only of the principal relations of international commerce, 4 but inevitably in the end of its whole system and principles. Since Page 492 ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... and classes have to submit because there is no appeal from the will of the whole society. But even so it is questions, not of taxation, but of the proper organisation and administration of the economic life of the society which are preparing the revolutions of the future. Page 450 × Fascism, National Socialism ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... success for the Non-Cooperation movement. As you well know, I am identifying myself with only one kind of work or propaganda as regards India, the endeavour to reconstitute her cultural, social and economic life within larger and freer lines than the past on a spiritual basis. As regards political questions, I would request my friends and the public not to attach credence to anything purporting to be a ...

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... treatment of the peasantry and the ruthless imposition of high taxes which greatly impoverished it, often resulting in recurring famines. The huge drain of wealth to Britain from all fields of India's economic life was well documented at the time in Dadabhai Naoroji's Poverty and Un-British Rule in India (1876), in Romesh Dutt's Economic History of India (1901), and in Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar's Desher ...

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... s other than those purely physical. 3. An unfriendly critic, pursuing similar hypotheses, has suggest ed that Roosevelt's conquest of himself, through braces, led him to put braces on the economic life of the entire nation, and that he tolerated the atrophy of American "principles" even as he had to adjust him self to the atrophy of his own legs. The whole country became "paralyzed." 4. Without ...

... and irrevo­cably, not by any abstract sense of justice and equality, nor by any romantic or imaginative feeling of fraternity, but by a dynamic living together. A common political and civic and economic life creates a field of force that can draw together into a harmonious working the most contrary and refractory elements.   We have said, however, time and again, that the present war is ...

... heavy and onerous responsibilities. Hence, we need not fear but aspire; for during the last hundred years and more much has been done and achieved, — not by the so-called leaders of political and economic life, — but by those who have had the courage to scale once again the ancient heights of the spirit and develop the vision that can look into the far distant future. By the aid of the heritage that we ...

... all this great surge of humanity between the Himalayas and the two seas. The peoples of ancient India were not so much distinct nations sharply divided from each other by a separate political and economic life; rather, they were sub-peoples of a great spiritual and cultural nation itself firmly separated physically, from other countries by the seas and the mountains and from other nations by its strong ...

... India through a complex network of interests. Agreements relating to railways, customs, irrigation, the use of ports, and other similar agreements would disappear, posing a serious threat to the economic life of the subcontinent. Mountbatten was also persuaded by the argument of Indian leaders such as V. P. Menon that the integration of the princely states into Independent India would to some extent ...

... history, its culture and spirituality was never subjugated. In fact, the invaders were stimulated and assimilated in this. The book covers briefly the history, culture, political set-up, socio-economic life, present-day trends, the armed forces in India and potential avenues of future growth. Professor Reddy has been closely associated with the Indian Army since 1993 when he was invited by ...

... there is equitable sharing of production. Ancient Indian culture had built up a system of sharing of the food production as also of other aspects of prosperity, so that the emphasis in social and economic life was centred on providing work for all, suitable to each one's capabilities, interests and needs of the psychological growth, as also leisure to grow inwardly and to enjoy simple but rich life. India ...

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... and irrevocably, not by any abstract sense of justice and equality, nor by any romantic or imaginative feeling of fraternity, but by a dynamic living together. A common political and civic and economic life creates a field of force that can draw together into a harmonious working the most contrary and refractory elements. Page 51 We have said, however, time and again, that the present ...

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... in the school at Calcutta. It is not that European culture has done India no good. Far from it. Some great and eternal values like freedom, value of the individual, need of organising collective economic life for general progress—these are elements that are bound to lead men to progress. Today when the world wants to be free and India has secured her freedom let us shake ourselves free from this ...

... democracy, socialism and communism haven't been able in actual practice to end the human tendency to egoistic separativity, assertiveness and rivalry and their attendant evils of exploitation in economic life and corruption, violence and liquidation in political life. It is only when the spiritual revolution resulting in the cracking of the human ego comes about that the godheads of the soul -justice ...

... dignity and affluence to the individual, and paths of service to the country. For the men who come out equipped in every way from its institutions will be those who will give that impetus to the economic life and effort of the country without which it cannot survive in the press of the world, much less attain its high legitimate position. Individual interest and National interest are the same and call ...

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... India Company and the absorption of India into the growing British Empire. As Mr Dutt shows in his able Economic History of British India , this political change had the gravest effect on our economic life. In the first place we had the economic policy of the East India Company which, so far as its export trade was concerned, accepted manufactures indeed, but paid an equal, if not greater, attention ...

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... dignity and affluence to the individual, and paths of service to the country. For the men who come out equipped in every way from its institutions will be those who will give that impetus to the economic life and effort of the country without which it cannot survive in the press of the world, much less attain its high legitimate position. Individual interest and National interest are the same and call ...

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... success for the Non-Cooperation movement. As you well know, I am identifying myself with only one kind of work or propaganda as regards India, the endeavour to reconstitute her cultural, social and economic life within larger and freer lines than the past on a spiritual basis. As regards political questions, I would request my friends and the public not to attach credence to anything purporting to be a ...

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... it would be the natural expression of the two sides of our life situated as we are in India and having the same fundamental nationality, culture and religion Page 489 and social and economic life but also united for a long time by cultural influences and a historical connection with France. It may well be that such arrangements might become a natural part of the development and turn towards ...

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... dignity and affluence to the individual, and paths of service to the country. For the men who come out equipped in every way from its institutions will be those who will give that impetus to the economic life and effort of the country without which it cannot survive in the press of the world, much less attain its high legitimate position. Individual interest and National interest are the same and call ...

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... a cause; for without heroism man cannot grow into the Godhead; courage, energy and strength are among the very first principles of the divine nature in action. All this great vital, political, economic life of man with its two powers of competition and cooperation is stumbling blindly forward towards some realisation of power and unity,—in two divine directions, therefore. For the Divine in life is ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... authority such as certain socialistic schemes envisage for the nation, a regime suppressing all individual and regional liberty in the interests of a close and uniform organisation of human training, economic life, social habits, morals, knowledge, religion even, every department of human activity. Such a development may seem impossible, as it would be indeed impracticable in the near future, because of the ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... must naturally extend to economic differences and economic relations as well. To the removal of war and the recognition of the right of self-determination of the peoples the arrangement of the economic life of the world in its new order by mutual and common agreement would have to be added as the third condition of a free union. There remains the psychological question of the advantage to the soul ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... is the history of the growth of the State. It is a history of strict unification by the development of a central authority and of a growing uniformity in administration, legislation, social and economic life and culture and the chief means of culture, education and language. In all, the central authority becomes more and more the determining and regulating power. The process culminates by the transformation ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... no more makes him a developed mental being than the daily movement to and from his place of business makes the average Londoner a developed physical being or his quotidian contributions to the economic life of the country make the bank-clerk a developed Page 88 economic man. He is not mentally active, but mentally reactive,—a very different matter. The Philistine is not dead,—quite the ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... into life. What then shall be our ideal? Unity for the human race by an inner oneness and not only by an external association of interests; the resurgence of man out of the merely animal and economic life or the merely intellectual and aesthetic into the glories of the spiritual existence; the pouring of the power of the spirit into the physical mould and mental instrument so that man may develop ...

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... ideology, because it regards man as no more than an animal with a mind. He recognises that reason is a powerful tool in the analysis and eradication of the ills in the social, political and economic life of human societies but that does not make reason a sufficient basis for democracy. In practice it is often a dominant class which rules over the ignorant masses. Sri Aurobindo has pointed out ...

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... no more makes him a developed mental being than the daily movement to and from his place of business makes the average Londoner a developed physical being or his quotidian contributions to the economic life of the country make the bank-clerk a developed economic man. He is not mentally active, but mentally reactive, —a very different matter. The Philistine is not dead, — quite the contrary ...

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... t, and yet incapable of the required consciousness of co-operation and mutuality. Solutions are being attempted which still repose on the materialistic reason and a unified organization of the economic life. The methods which are being employed tend towards forced compression and imposed unanimity of mind and life and a mechanical organization of the communal existence. These are being countered by ...

... there is equitable sharing of production. Ancient Indian culture had built up a system of sharing of the food production as also of other aspects of prosperity, so that the emphasis in social and economic life was centred on providing work for all, suitable to each one's capabilities, interests and needs of the psychological growth, as also leisure to grow inwardly and to enjoy simple but rich life. India ...

... heavy and onerous responsibilities. Hence, we need not fear but aspire; for during the last hundred years and more much has been done and achieved, — not by*the so-called leaders of political and economic life,— but by those who have had the courage to scale once again the ancient heights of the spirit and develop the vision that can look into the far distant future. By the aid of the heritage that we ...

... .. What then shall be our ideal? Unity for the human race by an inner oneness and not only by an external association of interests; the resurgence of man out of the merely animal and economic life or the merely intellectual and aesthetic into the glories of the spiritual existence; the pouring of the power of the spirit into the physical mould and mental instrument so that man may develop ...

... between the class of labourers and the class of capitalist entrepreneurs. After penetrating the resisting framework of feudal society, the capitalist process gradually permeated the fabric of economic life and attained its classical form in the 19th century. Internal and external forces in the 20th century have transferred an increasing range of economic decisions from the private (capitalist) to ...

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... basis of life of all this great surge of humanity between the Himalayas and the two seas. The peoples of ancient India were not so much distinct nations, sharply divided by a separate political and economic life; rather, they were sub-peoples of a great spiritual and cultural nation, itself firmly separated physically from other countries by the seas and the mountains, and from other nations by its strong ...

... democratic institutions. In 1958, Pakistan was in the grip of a serious economic crisis. The government treasury was empty. Smuggling, black-marketing and hoarding had penetrated deep into the economic life of Pakistan. There was widespread industrial unrest and strikes became common. The impotence of the political leadership and general corruption in the society as compared with the well integrated ...

... different but also often radically antagonistic to the Hindus. We are different beings. There is nothing in life, which links us together. Our names, our clothes, our foods they are all different; our economic life, our educational ideas, our treatment of women, our attitude to animals. We challenge each other at every point of the compass." He went on to say: "To yoke together two such nations under a single ...

... institutions. SRI AUROBINDO: That was my idea too, which I proposed to Motilal namely, a spiritual commune. I did not call it a commune but a Sangha, based on spirituality and living its own economic life. It would develop its small-scale industries, agriculture, etc., and have an interchange of products with other communes. NIRODBARAN: Did you also give X the idea of the paper he is bringing ...

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... universal Man; neither has the soul lodged in a vitalistic European occupied with dynamic production and vital pleasure or in an Asiatic peasant engrossed in the ignorant round of the domestic and economic life. We may reasonably doubt whether even a Plato or a Shankara marks the crown and therefore the end of the outflowering of the spirit in man. We are apt to suppose that these may be the limit, because ...

... . Sri Aurobindo : That was my idea when I proposed to Motilal to have a spiritual commune. – I don't call it Commune but a Sangha – a Community based on spirituality and living its own economic life; it would have its own agriculture, and a net work of such communities spread all over the country would interchange its products among themselves. Disciple : You gave him the idea of the ...

... possibility of political life and activity? There were two currents of political thought growing up in the country. One, thoughtful, philosophic, idealistic, dreamed of ignoring the terrible burden that was crushing us to death, of turning away from politics and educating our strength in the village and township, developing our resources, our social, economic, religious life regardless of the intrusive... it out. He has intellectual sensitiveness, but not intellectual consistency. Suave, affable, pliable, essentially an amiable and cultured gentleman, he is unfit for the rough and tumble of political life, especially in a revolutionary period; no man who shrinks from struggle or is appalled by the thought of aggression can hope to seize and lead the wild forces that are rising to the surface in twen ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   Bande Mataram
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... reasoning mind and will of the community has to govern. It is this which will determine not only the principles and all the details of the economic and political order, but the whole life of the community and of the individual as a working, thinking, feeling cell of this life, the development of his capacities, his actions, the use of the knowledge he has acquired, the whole ordering of his vital, his ethical... acy and the Age of Reason. There is the seizure of the life of the community Page 205 by a dominant individual leader, Führer, Dux, dictator, head of a small active minority, the Nazi, Fascist or Communist party, and supported by a militarised partisan force; there is a rapid crystallisation of the social, economic, political life of the people into a new rigid organisation effectively... plutocrat, has been compelled to work itself out by a war of classes. And, worse still, it has started from an industrialised social system and itself taken on at the beginning a purely industrial and economic appearance. These are accidents that disfigure its true nature. Its true nature, its real justification is the attempt of the human reason to carry on the rational ordering of society to its fulfilment ...

Sri Aurobindo   >   Books   >   CWSA   >   The Human Cycle
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... Brokington, in his book, "Poetry and Mysticism" says, "The modernist poet hardly has any reserved areas though he is trying to create some with barbed wire of psychological jargon, or economic doctrine. Life is being psycho-analysed in verse, and consciousness tortured to yield new materials. Modernist poetry proves, however, that as yet no safe anchorage has been found and both the struggle for... the reactions of the life-spirit alone can give us the feeling of the power of the vital thoughts, force of passion and emotion, and all the multi- coloured play of the life-spirit in its intensity and grandeur. But this dear intellect as the creator gives us the feeling of a greater spirit which embraces life and is capable of showing what is behind life and what is more than life. When we say that... his life, of Nature, of the unity of mankind rising upto the divinity of man in rare moments of inspired sight. When we say "thought-element" we mean to Page 62 imply that the creator will observe life and the whole field of his experience from the region of his clear intellect; he will be above the vital and the emotional mind which reacts more powerfully and immediately to life. The ...