Moghul Mogul Mughal : Arabic & Persian form of Mongol. It is conventionally used to describe the Muslim dynasty that ruled the larger part of India from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. The dynasty of India was founded by Babur (1483-1530), descendant on his father’s side of Timur-i-lang & on his mother’s side of Genghis Khan, who conquered & ruled Delhi from 1526. “Babur,” says Dr Kalikinkar Datta, “thus laid the foundation of a new Turkish dominion (the so-called Mughuls really belonged to a branch of the Turks named after Chaghātai, the second son of Chenghīz Khān, who came to possess Central Asia & Turkestan).” [An Advanced History of India, RC Majumdar et al, 1973-1974] But it was his grandson Akbar who founded the Mogul Empire & is credited with attempting to inaugurate a secular government & a humane national religion for which he tried to abolish the obligatory brutal taxes & outrages on Hindus. But Shah Jahan reinstated these taxes & Aurangzeb wholeheartedly re-enforced the taxes & the outrages. The year 1707, the death of Aurangzeb signalled the end of Mogul dominance. “The Rajputs who had strongly resisted Islam up to the 16th cent were exhausted before the beginning of the next century. Such of their strength as had survived had made an alliance with the Mugals. In spite of Rāṇā Pratap & the Haldighat, more than two generations of Rajputs had been brought up as feudatories of the Mugals. This race, once so virile had, had, therefore, at this critical stage of history, neither the ambition nor the capacity to rise to any prominence. The Sikhs in the Punjab had also resisted the power of the Mugals.... During the declining years of the Mugal power, the Sikhs attained to a political eminence which, if we consider their position as the only non-Muslim power midway between the Muslim powers at Delhi & Kabul, cannot be lightly dismissed. But, so long as the Mugal power at Delhi was somewhat strong, the very proximity of the Sikhs to the seat of the central authority acts as a handicap, which prevented them from rising to the stature of even a remote rival to that authority. This historical fact, coupled with their geographical position, made it impossible for the Sikhs to aspire to fill the void created by Aurangzeb’s death in 1707. The year 1707, can be taken as the starting point of the rise of Mahratta people.” [S.L. Karandikar] The Moghul Empire ended when the lead British army that had taken over the Ridge overlooking Delhi on 8th June 1857, reinforced by, among other forces, Sikh contingents, blew up the Kashmir Gate of Delhi on 14th September 1857, captured the city & the palace after six days’ desperate fighting, & diligently sacked it. The Bombay Telegraph reported: “All the city people found within the walls when our troops entered were bayoneted on the spot; & the number was considerable as you may suppose when I tell you that in some houses 40 or 50 persons were hiding.” Wrote poet Ghalib, an eyewitness, “Here there is a vast ocean of blood before me, God alone knows what more I have still to behold.” The celebrated Lt. Hodson, creator & commander of Hobson’s Horse composed of blood-thirsty mercenaries, arrested Emperor Bahadur Shah II at the tomb of Humāyūn along with his sons & grandsons. Persuading himself that the princes were guilty of murdering unarmed English non-combatants & women, & would be soon be rescued by a huge mob, he shot them all – no attempt made by any ‘mob’ to save them & the charges against the princes were never proved by any evidence. And for such heroic Christian deeds, Lt. William Stephen Raikes Hodson (1821-1858), son of reverend George Hodson, ‘educated’ at Rugby & Cambridge, who was ‘martyred’ at the siege & capture of Lucknow, received this accolade from Buckland: “His character & actions have been the subject of controversy but the testimony to his brilliant qualities of his bravery, energy, coolness, is universal. Lord Napier of Magdala, a contemporary & present, was always fully convinced of his honour & integrity.” The Octopus deported the noble poet Bahadur Shah II to Rangoon where this sacrificial victim died in 1862.
... the North and East the Moguls poured, Swords numberless and hooves that shook the hills And barking of a hundred guns. These bore The hero backward. Silently with set And quiet faces grim drew fighting back The strong Mahrattas to their hills; only Their rear sometimes with shouted slogan leaped At the pursuer's throat, or on some rise Or covered vantage stayed the Mogul flood A moment. Ever... know my hour Is ended; let me know my work is done." He spoke and shouted high the slogan loud. Desperate, he laboured in his human strength To push the Mogul from the gorge's end With slow compulsion. By his side fell fast Mahratta and Mogul and on his limbs The swords drank blood, a single redness grew His body, yet he fought. Then at his side Ghastly with wounds and in his fiery eyes Death... Page 306 The trumpets." Conquering with his cry the din He spoke, then dead upon a Mogul corpse Fell prone. And Baji with a gruesome hand Wiping the blood from his fierce staring eyes Saw round him only fifteen men erect Of all his fifty. But in front, behind, On either side the Mogul held the gorge. Groaning, once more the grim Mahratta turned And like a bull with lowered horns ...
... admixture of Pathan, Turkish and Mogul blood took place; and even the foreign kings and nobles became almost immediately wholly Indian in mind, life and interest. It was in the early part of the 14th century when Sadr-Al-Din became the first king to be converted to Islam - that Kashmir became Islamic. Under Akbar, the whole of Kashmir came under the sway of the Moguls and during the reign of Aurangzeb... in Gujarat and Ahmednagar. All these represented local movements of self-determination. But before these movements of self-determination could take shape, they were destroyed by the Mogul invasion, which created the Mogul empire. This was followed by the rise of Shivaji's empire and just when it seemed that a new life was about to rise in the regional peoples, there came the intrusion of the European... Sultanate had taken control of India. Conversion of Hindus This conquest was followed by the mass conversion of the people of India; this reached its peak during the time of the Moguls when vast sections of the Indian population became converted to Islam. These conversions took place partly because of fear and partly because of the intolerance then prevalent in the caste system in ...
... A sword now finds out Baji's shoulder, "sharp a Mogul lance ran grinding through his arm". Mortally wounded, yet Baji is but broken - not bent. The battle rages as wild as ever, Baji's fifty men are reduced to a mere fifteen. Not minding his own wound, Baji charges the enemy for the last time, "like a bull with lowered horns that runs"; the Mogul wall yields again, but now eight men alone are left... fighting back The strong Mahrattas to their hills; only Their rear sometimes with shouted slogan leaped At the pursuer's throat, or on some rise Or covered vantage stayed! the Moghul flood A moment. Ever foremost where men fought, Was Baji Prabhou seen, like a wild wave Of onset or a cliff against the surge. At last they reached a tiger-throated gorge; ... Shivaji goes back to Raigurh to bring reinforcements?, leaving Baji and his fifty men to guard the pass. Presently the enemy is sighted in the distance - ...a mingled mass. Pathan and Mogul and the Rajput clans, All clamorous with the brazen throats of war And spitting smoke and fiire. 38 But the determined group of defensive Marathas hurls back wave upon wave of enemy de ...
... survey of the advent of the British and the psychological factors that ultimately led to the aspiration for a united India. The British came to India as traders early in the 17th century. The Moghul emperor Jehangir permitted the English to trade in India in 1608. As a result, the English established a factory at Surat. However, India's connection with the West had started earlier with the Portuguese... neutral.' These three were secretly in league with the East India Company. This battle gave the East India Company control over Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Immediately after the Battle of Plassey, Moghul emperor Shah Alam granted Dewani of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the British East India Company. As a result, it secured permission to collect land revenue from these provinces in return for an annual... British took control of almost the whole of India. Let us now take a look at the political map of India at that time immediately after the Battle of Plassey. The Moghul empire had more or less disintegrated, after the Muslim forces of Persian king Nadir Shah plundered Delhi in 1739. Later in 1756, Ahmad Shah, the Emir of Afghanistan, who had previously seized the ...
... t of a Muslim kingdom in Delhi; (2) from 1200 to 1560 A.D., which extends from the establishment of the Muslim kingdom in .Delhi to the rise of the Moghul empire of Akbar; and-d (3) from 1560 A.D. to 1800 A.D., extending from the early Moghul empire to the establishment of the British supremacy in India. During this medieval period, there was a development of Page 84 i... from the west, the French, the Dutch and the British. Finally, the political instability led to the establishment of the British supremacy in India. In fact, the period following the death of Moghul emperor Aurangzeb (1707) marks a period of complete decline of Indian culture; and the Indian spirit was so much endangered during this period that even today India suffers from a tremendous Inertia ...
... they breathed their last. They were all given “Ashram names” by Sri Aurobindo — Sayed Ibrahim was renamed Dara. He was in one of his previous births Aurangzeb’s elder brother Dara Shukoh of the Moghul dynasty whom Aurangzeb imprisoned and killed. Dara Shukoh was a scholar. He translated the Gita and the Vedas into Persian. Dara Shukoh was, in a much earlier birth, in the 5th century B.C., Darius... Sri Aurobindo first saw Dara, He addressed him as “Dara”, the latter corrected Sri Aurobindo saying “I am Ibrahim.” Sri Aurobindo just smiled. Later we learn that the entire historical family of the Moghul Aurangzeb had come back. Of course we know Ibrahim was named Dara after Dara Shukoh. I have not seen Sudhira or Tazdar. They and the others, when they arrived, were lodged in the part of the Ashram ...
... Page 83 One day a Moghul sardar was passing by in front of the Pa than sardar's house. This Moghul sardar had a very strong body and a huge moustache. He wore a fez and a cotton-padded vest. As the Moghul went past his house proudly twirling his moustache it hurt his self-respect and he called out: "Eh, Moghul sardar!" The Moghul sardar turned back and asked: ... washed himself, picked up his sword, dabbed his moustache with some perfume, and began waiting for the Moghul sardar. Page 84 The Moghul sardar turned up at the appointed hour. The Pathan sardar called out: "So, let's start the fight!" "No, I won't fight," the Moghul replied. "Why don't you want to fight?" the Pathan asked. "My wife told me not to," he answered... with such arrogance. Lower your moustache!" "And if I don't?" asked the Moghul sardar. "Then you'll have to fight with me: it'll be either you or I who'll live. If you can't accept my offer, then lower your moustache." So the two men decided to fight it out. The day was fixed. In three months' time the Moghul would come to fight the Pathan at that very spot. Accordingly the Pathan ...
... his own men compelled him to return to Afghanistan. However his victory proved to be a disaster for the Marathas. Even more disastrous was the blow it dealt to the Mughals throne, as it marked the eclipse of the imperial power of the Mughals. In a way this battle decided the fate of India for it facilitated the growth of British power in India. Page 82 through a rusty nail that entered ...
... as their generals and ministers that the Moguls completed their sway over the east and the south. And this was again possible because—a fact too often forgotten—the Mussulman domination ceased very rapidly to be a foreign rule. The vast mass of the Mussulmans in the country were and are Indians by race, only a very small admixture of Pathan, Turkish and Mogul blood took place, and even the foreign kings... action, to withstand the Pathan, Mogul and European, but it was strong to survive and await every opportunity of revival, made a bid for empire under Rana Sanga, created the great kingdom of Vijayanagara, held its own for centuries against Islam in the hills of Rajputana, and in its worst days still built and maintained against the whole power of the ablest of the Moguls the kingdom of Shivaji, formed... course of Indian history from earlier Vedic times through the heroic period represented by the traditions of the Ramayana and Mahabharata and the effort of the imperial Mauryas and Guptas up to the Mogul unification and the last ambition of the Peshwas, until there came the final failure and the levelling of all the conflicting forces under a foreign yoke, a uniform subjection in place of the free unity ...
... untrained until the time had come when the benevolent conqueror had done his work and could unselfishly retire. Such were the professions with which England justified her usurpation of the heritage of the Moghul and dazzled us into acquiescence in servitude by the splendour of her uprightness and generosity. Such was the pretence with which she veiled her annexation of Egypt. These Pharisaic pretensions were... few privileged classes. The great weakness of India in the past has been the political depression and nullity of the mass of the population. It was not from the people of India that India was won by Moghul or Briton, but from a small privileged class. On the other hand the strength and success of the Marathas and Sikhs in the eighteenth century was due to the policy of Shivaji and Guru Govind which called ...
... Page 1066 Mogul, she was too weak and void of energy to bring her once robust individuality to bear upon the alien thought of the West. She allowed it to enter her being whole and undigested. The result was a rapid disintegration of her own individuality and a hastening of the process of decay which had set in as a result of the prolonged anarchy of the post-Mogul period. If there had been ...
... with Sri Aurobindo, apropos of Laurence Binyon's book. PURANI: Binyon has not adequately dealt with Indian art here. SRI AUROBINDO: Hasn't he done that in a separate book? PURANI: Yes, with Mogul art. Coomaraswamy says that images were found in India even in the pre-Buddhistic period, before the Greek influence. SRI AUROBINDO: What proof is there? It may be that they have shaken off the Greek ...
... October (?) 1955 ( Letter to Mother from Satprem ) Pondicherry, October 1955 Mother, after seeing you, I received a letter from my Bangalore friends. They have just bought an old Mogul residence and gardens in Hyderabad that used to belong to the Nizam ... They suggest that their new property would be an enchanting setting for writing the book I have felt like writing for years but ...
... sentiment of unity has grown, but in practice we are both socially and politically far more disunited and disorganized than before the British occupation. In the anarchy that followed the decline of the Moghul, the struggle was between the peoples of various localities scrambling for the inheritance of Akbar and Shahjahan. This was not a vital and permanent element of disunion. But the present disorganisation... inevitably becomes a disorganised crowd. Consciously or unconsciously the tendency of the intruding body is to break down all the existing organs of national life and to engross all power in itself. The Moghul rule had not this tendency because it immediately naturalised itself in India. British rule has and is forced to have this tendency because it must persist in being an external and intruding presence ...
... from the outside and establishing regimes of long or short durations in this country - the Iranians, the Greeks, the Parthians, the Scythians, the Kushans, the Huns, the Arabs, the Turks, the Mughals, the Portuguese, the Persians, the Dutch, the French, and the British. The scenario had been given a finishing touch by converting the authors of India's earliest civilization into Dravidian ...
... with a small company of men against twelve thousand Moguls. The metre is, in the truest sense of the epithet, the heroic blank verse, breathing in every line the dauntless ardour of the protagonists—the angry impatience of Agra to put an opportune end to Shivaji's intolerable career and the grim resolution of the Mahrattas to thwart and foil the Moguls to the last. The language is full-winded and noble... rags, may well concern Others, not Baji Prabhou." Then Shivaji rides off, leaving the slender band of heroes in the gorge. The Moguls immediately begin their assault and, though often hurled back, thrust on, a mingled mass, Pathan and Mogul and the Rajput clans, All clamorous with the brazen throats of war And spitting smoke and fire. The bullets rang Upon the rocks... wide trance of heat. Page 20 Nor on rare herdsman only or patient hind Tilling the earth or tending sleeplessly The well-eared grain that burden fell. It hung Upon the Mogul horsemen as they rode With lances at the charge, the surf of steel About them and behind, as they recoiled Or circled, where the footmen ran and fired, And fired again and ran. ...
... doesn't see anything in Indian art. SRI AUROBINDO: She is a modernist. But Raymond is a fine artist. He has something more than modem. PURANI: Yes, he appreciates Indian art. But both of them like Moghul and Rajput art. SRI AUROBINDO: Yes, because it has become established. They go by the authorities. PURANI: Raymond gave up painting for architecture. SATYENDRA: He has so many plans of the ...
... it is the only school of Unani medicine in the whole of Asia. Students from Turkey, Egypt and Afghanistan used to come there to learn. Ajmal Khan was the direct descendent of the court Hakim to the Mogul Emperors. Where from is it derived? Page 113 Sri Aurobindo : It is from the Greek school. They use animal products and salts. Besides curing which is common to all the systems ...
... to a code of morals, but to God who sent me. JAYSINGH He sends us all, but for different purposes, and according to the purpose He moulds the ideal and the character. I am not grieved that the Mogul has fallen. Had he deserved to retain sovereignty, he could not have lost it; but even when he ceased to deserve, I kept my faith, my service, my loyalty. It was not for me to dispute the will of my ...
... copy are both of them works of art and beautiful! March 1935 Unity of Idea and Design in the Arts I would recommend that you send the architect Raymond to Hyderabad to observe the modernised Moghul style of some of the buildings. He could then make some improvements to his design: a big dome in the centre, for instance, and dome-like decorations in the corners. Two quite different styles ...
... realistic pictures. Buddha remains young till the end. His Nirvana doesn't look like Nirvana but like going to sleep, nor does it show that he had indigestion at the time. There were a few pictures of Mogul art about which Sri Aurobindo said "Very fine." Then he came across a coloured picture of Krishna playing on the flute and Gopis dancing, in the usual modern style. SRI AUROBINDO: Ah, this is a ...
... architecture and sculpture and it has even been supposed that this art flourished only at intervals, finally ceased for a period of several centuries and was revived later on by the Moguls and by Hindu artists who underwent the Mogul influence. This however is a hasty view that does not outlast a more careful research and consideration of the available evidence. It appears, on the contrary, that Indian culture... Europe and the subtle, less forcefully tangible spiritual stress of the art of India. It is the indigenous art of which this is the constant spirit and tradition, and it has been doubted whether the Mogul paintings deserve that name, have anything to do with that tradition and are not rather an exotic importation from Persia. Almost all oriental art is akin in this respect that the psychic enters into... magic of the middle worlds and the Indian which is only a means of transmission of the spiritual vision. And obviously the Indo-Persian style is of the former kind and not indigenous to India. But the Mogul school is not an exotic; there is rather a blending of two mentalities: on the one side there is a leaning to some kind of externalism which is not the same thing as Western naturalism, a secular spirit ...
... Born to rule the peopled earth, Shall he bear the alien's insult, shall he brook the tyrant's wrong Like a thing of meaner birth? Sreepoor in the east of Chand and Kédar, bright with Mogul blood, And the Kings of Aracan And the Atlantic pirates helped that hue,—its ruined glory flood Kîrtinasha's waters wan. Buried are our cities; fallen the apexed dome, the Indian arch; ...
... princes acting as their generals and ministers that the Moguls completed their sway over the east and the south. And this was again possible because the Mussulman domination ceased very rapidly to be a foreign rule. The vast mass of the Mussulmans in the country were, and are, Indians by race; only a very small admixture of Pathan, Turkish and Mogul blood took place, and even the foreign kings and nobles... never ceased to throw up great rulers, statesmen, soldiers, and administrators. Its political genius then was not sufficient, coherent enough, or swift in vision and action, to withstand the Pathan, Mogul and European. But it was strong enough to survive and await every opportunity for revival; it made a bid for an empire under Rana Sanga, created the great kingdom of Vijayanagara, and held its own for ...
... ones, there are others too. Isn't it so? PURANI: Yes, but they are more individual than general. The writer speaks there of the return of the House of Delhi. SRI AUROBINDO: The House of Delhi? Mogul? That is finished. PURANI: He means Rajput. As regards historical events, the Bhavishya Purana deals with them up to the advent and establishment of British rule in India. SRI AUROBINDO: Yes. ...
... only an autocrat can think clearly. After that we can hardly be surprised at the affection of the Friend of India for absolutism and absolutist methods or the support it has given to the new Grand Mogul who now governs India on mediaeval principles from Westminster. Page 695 ...
... conversions. Guru Govind was himself treacherously assassinated by an Afghan Muslim. Page 62 wealth of the land." 1 Indeed, Babar, the founder and first emperor (1526-30) of the Moghul dynasty, which replaced the Delhi Sultanate, records in his Babarnama: "Hindustan is a country of few charms, its people have no good looks; of genius and capacity none; of manners none. ..." Why ...
... of the bureaucracy and fulfil the purpose of collective petitioning instead of leaving each individual class or community to approach the omnipotent seat of power by itself. The absolute rule of the Moguls admitted this right of petition; it recognized no status in the applicant; it offered no promise of justice, but decided according to the will of the sovereign. The position of the Congress in that ...
... weaknesses combined to stand in the way of a nation in the whole range of history. Nowhere have the rulers reduced their subjects to so complete, pervading and abject a material helplessness. When the Mogul ruled, he ruled as a soldier and a conqueror, in the pride of his strength, in the confidence of his invincible greatness, the lord of the peoples by natural right of his imperial character and warlike ...
... world. I would like to see some of his earlier works. My idea is that in Abanindra's case the inspiration from Ajanta is not so strong as that of the Moghul and Rajput schools. Disciple : Of late he has been leaning more towards the Moghul school. Besides, he has been changing his technique so often that it is very difficult to say which style has really impressed him. His subjects may be ...
... small nations and kingdoms like those of the Pallavas, Chalukyas, Pandyas, Cholas and Cheras. In comparison she received little from the greater empires that rose and fell within her borders, the Moghul, the Gupta or the Maurya—little indeed except political and administrative organisation, some fine art and literature and a certain amount of lasting work in other kinds, not always of the best quality ...
... Architecture and Sculpture; b) Various stages of development in Art, particularly paintings. c) Outstanding paintings, right up to Mughal period; d) Indian architecture, temples, palaces, churches, Gurudwaras and others; Mughal architecture in India: Importance of Taj Mahal. Page 244 Class XI a) Systems of Indian Philosophy: Main schools and... Painting 2. Romance 3. Madhubani Painting 4. Miniature Painting 5. Impressionism 6. Renaissance Art 7. Abstract Paintings 8. Semi Abstract Paintings 9. Mughal Paintings 10. Rajasthani Paintings 11. Mathura Art 12. Figurative Paintings 13. Landscape Paintings 14. Ceramics 15. Sculpture 16. Glass Painting 17 ...
... base and whatever variations it may indulge in, never lose touch with it. In Bengal, again, the national spirit is seeking to satisfy itself in art and, for the first time since the decline of the Moguls, a new school of national art is developing itself, the school of which Abanindranath Tagore is the founder and master. It is still troubled by the foreign though Asiatic influence from which its master ...
... ies of the country in different epochs. Again, Indian history is taught in such. a way that while a student becomes conversant with, say, Maratha period, he remains quite unacquainted with the Mughal period or earlier periods or subsequent periods. Page 107 Inter-connections of history are hardly presented or grasped. It is true that many important facts about India's development ...
... gave me finally to understand that he could not accept me as an inmate. So I had to leave. Now, what was I to do next? I decided to start off straight along the Grand Trunk Road, the road of the Mughals, which they say would take one as far as Agra and Delhi. So, on to the march now, never to return. I could very well repeat the words of the poet, Page 385 "Thou hast found a shelter ...
... the property was recovered or made good by the police officers." Police regularly patrolled town streets at night. Justice was administered by a hierarchy of courts. So we see that even when the Mughal grabbed a large chunk of the country and influenced its politics, a dharmic core of statecraft remained ingrained in a Hindu king who tried to secure the order and welfare of society. More importantly ...
... own efforts and vigilance but purchased by the slow loss of every element of manhood and every field of independent activity among us,—as more fatal to the life of the people than the poosta of the Moguls, with whom a few seats in the Council or on the Bench and right of entry into the Civil Service and a free Press and platform could not weigh against the starvation of the rack-rented millions, the ...
... experiment, 315 Middle Age(s), 69, 145, 150, 152, 155, 213, 221, 346 Mill, 140 Milton, 194, 251 Minerva, 222 Mitra, 9 Modem Age, 145, 152 Moghuls, 58, 239 Mohammed, 208,215 Mohenjo-daro, 238, 243 Moliere, 197 Moloch, 220 Montesquieu,212 Morris, 151 Mother, The, 366, 372 Mysteries ...
... and had heard theatre jargon at the dinner table. I had thrilled at Father's projects and watched fascinated his picturesque occupations.... But nothing in his world or my uncle's [Hollywood movie moghul Cecil B. deMille] prepared me for theatre as I saw it that Saturday afternoon. Page 382 As her little bird body revealed itself on the scene, either immobile in trembling mystery or tense ...
... Enraged sepoys broke open the town gaol and released their comrades. The cantonment was put to the torch and the sepoys moved down the main road to Delhi and the Palace of Bahadur Shah, the last of the Moghuls. Although initially the mutiny was spontaneous, it quickly became more organised and the sepoys even took over the cities of Delhi and Kanpur. However, by the winter of 1857 and the first six ...
... re-creating as much, of the surroundings as its own degree and nature of achievement inevitably demand. India did not and could not stop at mere cultural fusion – which was a supreme gift of the Moguls. She did not and could not stop at another momentous cultural fusion brought about by the European impact. She aimed at something more. Nature demanded of her that she should discover a greater secret ...
... re-creating as much of the surroundings as its own degree and nature of achievement inevitably demand. India did not and could not stop at mere cultural fusion— which was a supreme gift of the Moguls. She did not and could not stop at another momentous cultural fusion brought about by the European impact. She aimed at something more. Nature demanded of her that she should discover a greater secret ...
... re-creating as much of the surroundings as its own degree and nature of achievement inevitably demand. India did not and could not stop at mere cultural fusion—which was a supreme gift of the Moguls. She did not and could not stop at another momentous cultural fusion brought about by the European impact. She aimed at something more. Nature demanded of her that she should discover a greater secret ...
... tendencies, brought into the field of life. Therefore the old States had to dissolve and disappear, in India into the huge bureaucratic empires of the Gupta and the Maurya to which the Pathan, the Moghul and the Englishman succeeded, in the West into the vast military and commercial expansions achieved by Alexander, by the Carthaginian oligarchy and by the Roman republic and empire. The latter were ...
... The Sannyasin Batcha —Well, you were far away. She was sitting on the steps, leaning against one of the columns of the peristyle like a round-cheeked Moghul miniature. —Oh! Batcha, you are there... She looked at me quietly, steadily, her head on her knees, her arms hugging her legs; a long pomegranate-coloured skirt fell down to her feet. She was ...
... ceaseless tearing down & building up which resulted from Mahomedan irruption and the action & reaction of foreign & indigenous forces, formed surroundings too restless & too flamboyant. Life under the Moguls was splendid, rich & luxurious, but it was not safe & comfortable. Magnificent possibilities were open to all men whatever their birth or station but magnificent abilities and an unshaken nerve & courage... our unnatural existence. The great men among us who strove to originate were the spiritual children of an older time who still drew sap from the roots of our ancient culture and had the energy of the Mogul times in their blood. But their success was not commensurate with their genius & with each generation these grew rarer & rarer. The sap soon began to run dry, the energy to dwindle away. Worse than ...
... pointed out that the administrative system pursued by the British in India was nothing brand new imported from outside, but only a continuation, with minor adaptations, of the system consolidated by the Moguls who again had taken it up from the Mauryas; a system initiated perhaps by still earlier legislators and builders of Indian polity. Mussolini of twentieth century Italy is in no way related to Cato ...
... it brings of an actual death like the Assyrian or Chaldean as well as the spiritual and other gains that may accrue by avoiding it,—is shown in the example of India where the Maurya, Gupta, Andhra, Moghul empires, huge and powerful and wellorganised as they were, never succeeded in passing a steam-roller over the too strongly independent life of the subordinate unities from the village community to ...
... social temperament and habits. In India the monarchical sentiment, which coexisted with but was never able to prevail over the theocratic and social except during the comparatively brief rule of the Moghuls, was hopelessly weakened, though not effaced, by the rule of a British bureaucracy and the political Europeanising of the active mind of the race. 2 In Western Asia monarchy has disappeared in Turkey ...
... paintings (which he divided into two broad groups, the work produced in Rajasthan — Rajasthani, and the other pro duced in the Himalayan hill states — Pahari) was a separate development from the Mughal school and relatively free from its influences, emphasiz ing as it did the abstract and the ideal rather than the naturalistic and academic. In the course of his studies, he demonstrated the fact ...
... Mirza, Hormazdyer K., 83 Mitanni, 2, 31, 32, 84, 85, 88 Mithra, Mithro, 86 "Mithra-Ahura", 34 "Mitra-Asura", 34 "Mitra-Varuṇa", 34 Mitra, 34, 86 Moghul Ghundai, 4 Mohenjo-dāro, 6, 49, 61, 63, 70, 71, 95-7 Mongoloid races, 118 Mookerji, R.K., 14, 15, 86, 111, 127 Müller, Max, 92 Mundigak, 7, 8, 68, 76, 98 Mycenaean ...
... radius of their personal influence. A third section rejoicing in the leadership of Mr. Amir Ali, are the irreconcilables of militant Islam aspiring to hold India under the British aegis as heirs of the Mogul and keepers of the gateway of India. The Reform Scheme is the second act of insanity which has germinated from the unsound policy of the bureaucracy. It will cast all India into the melting pot and ...
... was a settlement at this confluence, known as Prayag, where the Vedas were written. Brahma himself is said to have performed a sacrifice here. Huen Tsang visited Prayag in 634 AD. It was under the Mogul Emperor Akbar that Prayag was renamed Illahabas, later to be changed to Allahabad. Overlooking the confluence is a massive, historic red stone fort built by Akbar. Like Haridwar, Varanasi... is the significance of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana; it is also the truth behind the unification attempt of Chandragupta Maurya, the later Gupta emperors like Harshavardhan and even some of the Mogul emperors. In addition to all this is the religious diversity that makes India the only place in the world where all the religious streams flow together. And most interestingly, around 500 communities ...
... Agra back recoiled; fatal Upon their serried unprotected mass In hundreds from the verge the bullets rained, And in a quick disordered stream, appalled, The Mogul rout began. 150 Sri Aurobindo's early blank verse achieved such effects of easy naturalness and nervous sinuosity with little apparent effort. Savitri must originally have been conceived ...
... Persian monarchy or the monarchies of western and central Asia or the Roman imperial government or later European autocracies: it was of an altogether different type from the system of the Pathan or the Mogul emperors. The Indian king exercised supreme administrative and judicial power, was in possession of all the military forces of the kingdom and with his Council alone responsible for peace and war and ...
... and probably a circular shape (I say "probably" because I am leaving it for R. to decide). Upstairs, the top floor will be a room, and the roof will be a covered terrace. Do you know the old Indian Mogul miniatures with palaces in which there are terraces and small roofs supported by columns? Do you know those old miniatures? I've had hundreds of them in my hands.... But this pavilion is very, very ...
... probably a circular shape. I say probably, because I am leaving that for Roger to decide. Upstairs, the first floor will be a room and the roof will be a covered terrace. You know the ancient Indo-Moghul miniatures, with palaces where there are terraces with small roofs supported by columns? You know those old miniatures? Hundreds of them have come into my hands.... But this pavilion is very, very ...
... a circular shape (I say "probably" because I am leaving it for [the architect] to decide). Upstairs, the top floor will be a room, and the roof will be a covered terrace. Do you know the old Indian Mogul miniatures with palaces in which there are terraces and small roofs supported by columns? Do * It was only three years later, in February, 1968, that Auroville would be founded. ...
... and hastily ascribed to Aryan invaders, Wheeler refers to some other ascriptions: "...certain Iron Age cairn-burials in northern Baluchistan have been regarded in some sense as 'Aryan'. A series of Moghul Ghundai produced a distinctive tripod jar, a bracelet, bells, rings, and arrowheads, all of bronze, of types characteristic of 'Sialk B' in Persia and attributable to the period before and after 1000 ...
... Mussolini, Tojo and their compeers in misdeeds, in their present life itself. If we rummage through the pages of history books, we can come across many examples of this type. Here is one from the late Mughal period of Indian history: During the reign of Emperor Shah Alam (1759-1806), one Rohila chieftain named Golam Kader came one day to the Red Fort of the emperor, ostensibly to act as his bodyguard ...
... detail of history now survives, afterwards the long effort at empire-building, the colonisation of Ceylon and the Archipelago, the vivid struggles that attended the rise and decline of the Pathan and Mogul dynasties, the Hindu struggle for survival in the south, the wonderful record of Rajput heroism and the great upheaval of national life in Maharashtra penetrating to the lowest strata of society, the ...
... heritage. His approach has been a major factor in building a nationalism, which seeks to advance human welfare. Imperialist occupation of the country in the wake of the decline and fall of the Moguls saw the Muslims standing shoulder to shoulder with their Hindu compatriots to regain freedom from alien rule. If Rani Laxmibai's forces fought in Bundelkhand, Begum Hazrat Mahal led the uprising at ...
... hands, a banal place, a park in the evening, and that futile detail already lived a thousand times? Life is so futile. We think it is grand and gilded in our history books, like the Court of the Great Moghul, but life is made up of a thousand steps and little stairways in our heads and sidewalks beneath footsteps that really lead nowhere—or to somewhere so similar here that it might as well be there—and ...
... unity of knowledge. This explains why the Muslim Rumi had disciples with Christian, Zoroastrian and various other backgrounds. The v great Sufi "invisible teacher" Khidr is said to be a Jew. The Moghul Prince Dora Shikoh identified Sufi teachings in the Vedas and Upanishads. Even Pythagoras and Solomon are sometimes referred to as Sufi teachers. Page 154 But what is at the core of ...
... those eyes, and She stepped out of more than one painting, depending on the day or the hour, with a quite extraordinary mobility that could make her resemble a Clouet as well, an Egyptian mask or a Moghul miniature (one day I saw her look like a cat). This "adaptability” of Mother's features—and of Mirra’s, I suppose—is one of the strangest phenomena I have ever seen—probably not "strange” for her who ...
... features. It seems to me that here the Indian mind has taken in much from the Arab and Persian imagination and in certain mosques and tombs I seem to find an impress of the robust and bold Afghan and Mogul temperament; but it remains clear enough that it is still on the whole a typically Indian creation with the peculiar Indian gift. The richness of decorative skill and imagination has been turned to ...
... art was not always solely hieratic,—it seemed so only because it is in the temples and cave cathedrals that its greatest work survived; as the old literature testifies, as we see from the Rajput and Mogul paintings, it was devoted as much to the court and the city and to cultural ideas and the life of the people as to the temple and monastery and their motives. Indian education of women as well as of ...
... tiger-throated gorge", Baji and his band of stalwart warriors resist the invaders and make a Thermopylae of Raigarh. It is Baji's "finest hour"; he has upheld Shivaji's trust, and he has changed a possible Mogul victory to a complete rout. Love and war: the tried old themes of epic and romance; and in Ilion Sri Aurobindo attempted an epic on a much more ambitious scale. Lotika Ghose has recorded ...
... and hastily ascribed to Aryan invaders, Wheeler refers to some other ascriptions:"... certain Iron Age cairn-burials in northern Baluchistan have been regarded in some sense as 'Aryan'. A series of Moghul Ghundai produced a distinctive tripod jar, a bracelet, bells, rings, and arrowheads, all of bronze, of types characteristic of 'Sialk B' in Persia and attributable to 2. Scientific American ...
... university boy. He asked me about the efficacy of prayer. I said, "Do you want a historical example? I will give you one. Do you know the history of India ?" He said, "Yes." "You know the first Moghul King who conquered the north of India ? His name was Babar." "Yes. yes." "And his son's name was Humayun." Page 23 "Yes." "And you know that Humayun was ...
... (the preceptor of gods), the powerful Śrī Rāma (a scion of Raghu) sat by his very side though apart (from him) on a splendid seat. (64) Page 255 Rama is enthroned, circa 1725/50, Mughal style Museaqm Rietberg, Zurich Page 256 Canto CXXVIII Placing his joined palms on his head (as a token of sub mission), Bharata, the enhancer of Kaikeyī's joy submitted (as ...
... activities and does not ply the charkha or go to prison, can he be called an escapist ? Ramdas, the great saint of Maharashtra, was a great Page 11 patriot and wanted to remove the Mughal yoke. But he did not take to political organisation as his own work-he only prepared the ground and Shivaji organised the politic, activity. Was Ramdas an escapist ? Ramakrishna after a long ...
... and probably a circular shape. I say probably, because I am leaving that for B to decide. Upstairs, the first floor will be a room and the roof will be a covered terrace. You know the ancient Indo-Moghul miniatures, with palaces where there are terraces with small roofs supported by columns? You know those old miniatures? Hundreds of them have come into my hands.... But this pavilion is very, very ...
... silver articles, geodes, stones and shells. There is a handsome teakwood sideboard, a Buddhist cabinet and articles made by Ashramites for Mother’s use. A silk brocaded floral jacket in mango motif (Mogul style called Jamewar) given by the Hyderabad royal family. There are also articles given by the Mother for the theatre department such as make-up, crowns, old upholstery for cloaks and some spoons in ...
... Pakistan's claim to have supported Kashmiris' self- rule is manifestly refuted by the stand it has taken. All evidence is essentially to the contrary. Pakistan wanted, following the outdated tactics of the Moguls, to coerce the Kashmiris to accede to it. Every time the UN came close to organizing a plebiscite in Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan raised difficulties and actually avoided the plebiscite. Pakistan ...
... base the Force accepts the anomalous position to execute the command of eternal Time. This image of architecture is recreated in another context which vividly recalls some details form the Moghul school of architecture that stressed on ventilation, the circulation of fresh and perfumed breeze, to trick the tropical sun. This brilliant roof of our descending plane, Intercepting ...
... and Shivaji was the greatest of the Mahratta heroes: what was wrong in celebrating them? But Ganapati was also the slayer of the demon Gajasura, and Shivaji had given a crippling blow to the great Mughal. Wasn't Tilak actually Preparing a mass movement against the demon-rule of the foreigner, wasn't he really hoping to turn the rising tide of patriotism against the alien bureaucracy? Tilak attended ...
... inseparable to our understanding, and the One and the Many, the visible and the invisible, seem lost in the ineffable experience of harmony and peace. And as for the great architectural wonders of the Moghul period, isn't the Taj - when seen with an intuition matching the intuition in which it had its origin - "not merely a sensuous reminiscence of an imperial amour or a fairy enchantment hewn from the ...
... only "extremism"!). Regarding the question of India's loss of liberty in the past, Sri Aurobindo had some pertinent things to say: It was not from the people of India that India was won by Moghul or Briton, but from a small privileged class. On the other hand, the strength and success of the Marathas and Sikhs in the eighteenth century was due to the policy of Shivaji and Guru Govinda ...
... rout and drawing back their forces are said to meet "in dubious council" to decide whether to quit or continue. The word "griding", liable to be confused with "grinding", in the line, A Mogul' lance ran griding through his arm, is a word in fair use in older poetry, meaning "to cut or scrape with strident or grating sound". It is followed by the preposition "through" or "along". ...
... 557 Morieris, 202 Moriyas.202, 205; Vamba moriyar, 209 Moti Chandra, Dr., 30 Moulton,281 Mount Mallus, 164 Mudrā-rākshasa, 179, 204, 360, 361, 561, 562 Mughal, M. R., iii Muller, Max: History of Sanskrit Literature, 149, 361, 369 Murā, 204 Mureshu and sons, 389 Murundas (see also Śaka-Murunda), 10, 456-7, 599 Musicanus (King ...
... is the only school of Unani medicine in the whole of Asia. Students from Turkey, Egypt and Afghanistan used to come there to learn. Ajmal Khan was the direct descendant of the court Hakim to the Mogul Emperors. From where is their system derived? . Sri Aurobindo : It is from the Greek school. They use animal products and salts. Besides curing, which is common to all the systems, the Unani ...
... cheap manufactured goods from the West..." — An Advanced History of India by Majumdar, Ray-Chaudhury and Dutta. "...the manufactures of India were once in a highly flourishing condition. The Moghul Courts encouraged large towns and urban enterprise. European traders were first attracted to India, not by its raw products, but its manufactured wares. It was the industrial 'wealth of Onnuz and Ind' ...
... and communication technology are sweeping cultures out of their feet to globalize the culture itself? India has been a land of many cultures and people for several centuries. The Saks, Huns, Mughals, Pathans and Europeans invaded India through several centuries and finally settled down here itself. In poet-philosopher, Rabindranath's view, they all merged into one body and that is India. Is that ...
... Page 338 heroic self-sacrifice of Baji Prabhou Deshpande who, to cover Shivaji's retreat, held the pass of Rangana for two hours with a small company of men against twelve thousand Moguls. Beyond the single fact of this great exploit there has been no attempt to preserve historical accuracy". We quote a few lines from the poem which reminds us in its concentrated force and graphic ...
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