... letter to K.D. Sethna]. Anderson, James, Structural Aspects of Language Change (Longmans, London, 1973). Apte, V.M., "Religion and Philosophy", "Social and Economic Conditions", in The Vedic Age, ed. R.C. Majumdar and A.D. Pusalker (Allen & Unwin, London, 1952). Asthana, Shashi, Pre-Harappān Cultures of India and the Borderlands (Books & Books, New Delhi, 1985). ... 1951) [cited by W.E. Hale]. Ghirshman, E., Iran (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1954). Ghosh, B.K., "The Aryan Problem", "Indo-Iranian Relations", "Language and Literature", in The Vedic Age, ed. R.C. Majumdar and A.D. Pusalker (Allen & Unwin, London, 1952). " The Origin of the Indo-Aryans", in The Cultural Heritage of India, Vol. I (Ramakrishna Mission, Calcutta, 1958). ... Majumdar, H.C. Raychaudhuri and Kalikinkar Datta (Macmillan, London, 1953). Majumdar, R.C. and Pusalker, A.D. eds., The Age of Imperial Unity (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, 1954). The Vedic Age (Allen & Unwin, London, 1952). Majumdar, R.C, Raychaudhuri, H.C. and Datta, Kalikinkar eds., An Advanced History of India (Macmillan, London, 1953). Mallory, J.P., In Search of the ...
... The Vedic Age-} "Fifth in descent from Prithu was Daksha, whose daughter's grandson, Manu Vaivasvata, saved humanity from the deluge..." The details of the picture may be filled in from the Purānas, 2 with Daksha's daughter Aditi substituted by her husband Kasyapa. We proceed bactward from the 1."Traditional History from the Earliest Time to the Accession of Parīkshit", The Vedic Age, edited... are royal genealogy-starters in their own ways, the latter is such simply by being the first Indian - and Dionysus, even as "Indos", was not the Adam of India. But in all his other 1. The Vedic Age, pp. 270-71. 2. Ibid., pp. 271-72. Page 82 capacities Dionysus is not at all like either Vaivasvata or Svāyambhuva. The third human-divine figure who is a primal... Prithu's father Vena: "On his death Prithu performed the Śrad- 1. Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, p. 399. 2.Wilson, op. cit., p. 489. 3."Social and Economic Conditions", The Vedic Age, p. 460. 4."Traditional History...", ibid., p. 271. 5. The Ancient Geography of India, by A. Cunningham, edited with an Introduction and Notes by S. Majumdar (Calcutta, 1924), p. 385 ...
... intellectual, aesthetic, ethical and social culture that came to be developed during the ages that followed the age of the Vedas and the Upanishads. IV. Post-Vedic Age: Robust Intellectuality and Vitality During the post-Vedic age, which extended right up to the decline of Buddhism, we see the rise of the great Philosophies, many-sided epic literature, beginnings of arts and sciences, emergence... Landmarks of Hinduism LANDMARKS OF HINDUISM I. The Vedic Age To understand the significance of the development of Hinduism, it is necessary to go back to the Veda, which can be regarded as the luminous seed of the huge banyan tree of what in course of time came to be known as Hinduism. (It may be noted that the ancient Indian Religion that... experience of the conquest of death, the secret of immortality. Throughout its long and uninterrupted history of the Vedic tradition, these ideas have remained constant up to the present day. III. Vedic Age and Upanishads: Formation of the Spiritual Soul of India The Vedic beginning was a high beginning, and it was secured in its results by a larger sublime efflorescence. This is what we find in ...
... the Great", The Cambridge History of India, I, p. 354. 2.McCrindle, Ancient India as Described by Megasthenes, (Calcutta, 1926), p. 183, fn. 3."Āryān Settlements in India", The Vedic Age, p. 257. Page 261 tās, Brāhmanas, Upanishads and Sūtras, speaks of in connection with the Punjab and Sind. We may then very well echo the phrase of Vincent Smith: 1 "a fancied... Indian scholars too who accept that indentification are seen disagreeing with Jackson, Hcrtel and Herzfeld. Thus Ghosh, in his article on Indo-Irānian relations in the compilation, The Vedic Age, 1 writes about the Irānian tradition which put Zarathustra in the 6th century B.C.: "... according to Eduard Meyer (Geschichte des Altertums, second edition, third volume, p. 110, fn. 3) it... a certain Mazdean custom to "many Kambojas", Kambojakānam... bahunnam. Surely, not all Kambojas and not all 1. Tribes in Ancient India, p. 7. 2."Aryan Settlements in India", The Vedic Age, pp. 259-60. 3. Op. cit., p. 48. Page 309 of Mazdeanism are involved here. The evidence is markedly insufficient. Benveniste's second point is connected with Grier-son's ...
... also been noticed by Casal at [Harappān] Amri... 31."Germanien", Monatshefte fur Germannenkunde, 1940, p. 212f. 32."Religion and Philosophy", The Vedic Age, p. 373. 33.H.C. Raychaudhuri, "The Early Vedic Age", An Advanced History of India, pp. 39, 27, 24. 34. Op. cit., p. 376, col. 2. Page 46 Perhaps such 'fire-altars' also existed at Harappā and... who too is "lord of animals" (paśupati) and of whom the bull is the vehicle (vāhana). Now, Shiva can be traced in the Rigveda. Hymn I. 43 1, 5, 6 13."Religion and Philosophy", The Vedic Age, 14. Ibid. p. 395. 15. Op. cit., pp. 112-13. 16. Op. cit., p. 376. 17. Op. cit., p. 414, with fn. 2. 18. Ibid. pp. 296-97. Page 42 addresses Rudra ...
... On the word "Asura" we may quote Pusalker: "It is indeed difficult to identify the Asuras with any of the ancient peoples. Sten Konow thinks them to be 9. "Language and Literature", The Vedic Age, pp. 346-47. 10. Op. cit., I, p. 262, II, p. 355. 11. Ibid., I, p. 358. 12. Ibid., p. 262. 13. Ibid., p. 532. Page 110 nonhuman." 14 Now, the word "Asura" which... different, they are not men! O destroyer of foes! kill them. Destroy the Dāsa race!" 17 The passage, mentioning both the Dasyu tribes and the 14."Aryan Settlements in India", The Vedic Age, p.250 15. The Vedic Index, II, p. 246. 16. The Secret of the Veda, p. 224. 17. Ancient India (Allahabad, 1955), p. 56. Page 111 Dāsa race, puts forth a sweeping definition... equates them in early books like the Atharvaveda and the Taittirīya Saṁhitā to "ghouls" while accepting them as a human group at a much later date. 32 29."Aryan Settlements in India", The Vedic Age, p.250. 30. Ibid., p.249. 31. Ibid. 32. Op. cit., i,p.533. Page 116 If, notwithstanding the post-Vedic tribe of the Piśāchas, their name at the beginning was on a ...
... Grave Culture cannot distinguish the people of it uniquely as Aryan invaders. They might easily be Indian borderlanders on the move. 10. "The Indus Valley Civilization", The Vedic Age, edited by R.C. Majumdar and A.D. Pusalker (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1952), p. 194. 11 . Indian Archaeology Today (Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1962), p. 61. 12 . Op. cit. (see fn... "Peoples and Languages", The Cambridge History of India, edited by E.J. Rapson, 1922, p. 43. 15. "The Age of the Rigveda", ibid ., p. 79. 16. "Race-movements and Prehistoric Culture", The Vedic Age, p. 157. Page 467 tered is not thereby rendered such that the invading tribes would never refer to it as a new land reached from another country. B.K. Ghosh remarks: "It... rivers in the ancient Punjab] so many centuries before the Vedic period that they had lost all memory of an original home." 31 29. "Appendix" to "The Aryan Problem", The Vedic Age , p. 216. 30. Highlights of Parsi History (Bombay, 1969), p. 29. 31. Loc. cit. Page 473 ...
... wide and rich and complex psycho-spiritual inner life of Puranic and Tantric religions and Yoga. III It has been said that Puranas existed in ancient times in the Vedic age itself, but it was only in the post- Vedic age that they were entirely developed and became the characteristic and the principal literary expression of the religious spirit and it is to this period that we must attribute... deeper and wider ranges of experience there is a continuity between the Veda and the Puranas. V The great effort of the Puranas or the Purano-Tantric age covered all the time between the Vedic age and the decline of Buddhism. But this was not the last possibility of the evolution of religion in India. It appears that there is a hidden design in the development of Indian religion. It certainly ...
... Vedas and Upanishads, we find that Vedas can be understood through Upanishads, and Upanishads can be best understood through the Vedas. It is, however, argued that when we come to the post- Vedic age, and particularly the age of Puranas, the changes are so great and radical that one would be inclined to suggest some kind of discontinuity in the heritage derived from the Vedas. But a deeper study... from which man could rise to the highest absolute status. The Purano-Tantric stage is the second stage of the development of Indian religion and spirituality. The first stage was that of the Vedic age, which makes possible the preparation for the natural external man for spirituality; the second stage of Puranic and Tantric age takes up the outward life of the human being into a deeper mental and... knowledge is indispensable and a study of the Vedic and Puranic systems is an important aspect. An intensive programme of research will need to be centred on the way in which the spiritual wealth of the Vedic age and the Puranic age as also of the subsequent third age could be assimilated so as to fulfil the higher aims, not only of Indian religion and spirituality, but of all religion and spirituality as ...
... process, we must acknowledge that Nature could easily have arranged that "exit" when we were still at an early mental stage, still living as instinctively intuitive beings, open, malleable. The Vedic age, the Mysteries of ancient Greece, or even the Middle Ages, would have been more appropriate for that "exit" than as we are now. If such was the goal of evolutionary Nature, and assuming evolution... × 22 New Lamps for Old, 1:8 × 23 The Vedic Age, prior to that of the Upanishads, which was its heir, dates back before 4000 B.C. × 24 Purani... × 88 The Problem of Rebirth, 16:111 × 89 Sages of the Vedic Age, at once seers and poets, who composed the Veda. × 90 The Problem of Rebirth, 16:110 ...
... earlier stages as a preparation Page 472 for the effective take-off in the second chapter. In India, the Vedic age could be called "symbolic" in the true sense of the word: If we look at the beginnings of Indian society, the far-off Vedic age which we no longer understand, for we have lost that mentality, we see that everything is symbolic. The religious institution of... religious or psychological significance"; no mere poetic image this, no "economic evolution complicated by political causes", no iniquitous system of exploitation: To them [the men of the Vedic age] this symbol of the Creator's body was more than an image, it expressed a divine reality. Human society was for them an attempt to express in life the cosmic Purusha who has expressed himself otherwise ...
... expose the inadequacy of Fairservis's brief. And what renders his invasion-idea particularly inapplicable here is the overall impression the archæo- 9."The Indus Valley Civilization", The Vedic Age, edited by R.C. Majumdar and A.D. Pusalker (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1952), p. 194. 10. Indian Archaeology Today (Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1962), p. 61. 11. Op. cit. (see... "Peoples and Languages", The Cambridge History of India, edited by E.J. Rapson, 1922, p. 43. 14."The Age of the Rigveda", ibid., p. 79. 15."Race-movements and Prehistoric Culture", The Vedic Age, p. 157. Page 11 associations, except perhaps a camouflaged reminiscence of their sojourn in Irān." 16 The concluding phrase refers to the names Rasā, Sarasvatī and Bahlīka, which... had forgotten their location." 28 About the Parsis we may add that their memory extends backwards actually for more than 27. Ibid. pp. 84-5 28."Appendix" to "The Aryan Problem", The Vedic Age, p 216 Page 16 thirteen hundreds years, for, as P.P. Balsara says, "from the facts available till today we can conclude that the Parsis of Iran began coming to India for permanent ...
... Mitanni could be an offshoot of Rigvedic Aryanism without forcing us to date the composition of the Rigveda to their epoch. But we 1.S. Srikanta Sastri's "Appendix" to "The Aryan Problem", The Vedic Age, pp. 216-17. 2.Vol. I, p. 356 (Oxford, 1907). Page 85 have also to explain in the context of that epoch their religious affinity to the Rigveda. Here the pertinent query is: "How... guessed from the fact that though they 6.Peter Snoy, "The Last Pagans of the Hindu Kush", Natural History, November 1959, p. 526. 7. Ibid. 8."Aryan Settlements in India", The Vedic Age, p. 262, Reference 38. 9. The Illustrated Weekly of India, February 16, 1964, p. 17, col. I. Page 87 emerge into history after 1800 B.C. they appear in Elamite texts as early... could be correct. 13. Cf. Jairazbhoy, op. cit., p. 16, incorporating, among other researches, those of Sommer, Kretschmer and Guterbock. 14.B.K. Ghosh, "Indo-Iranian Relations". The Vedic Age, p. 224, n. 23. 15.Roux, Ancient Iraq, pp. 209-10. 16.D.D. Kosambi, The Civilization and Culture of Ancient India (London, 1965), p. 77. Page 89 ...
... But, Mother, was it the same during the Vedic times also? To find their soul and the Divine? Of course. But they did not succeed? Page 351 No, Sri Aurobindo says that in the Vedic age they tried to bring the spiritual life into the physical life, but he says that the means they employed, the paths they followed at that time are no longer any good now. Just imagine us before an... years. But these promises and examples were like starting-points, like the first push given to begin the evolution of the consciousness towards a higher realisation. Page 352 I think the Vedic age was the latest. There were others before it, but of a very short duration. Something over there? A question?... Is that all? Mother! It's still that fellow asking questions! What... about him was like this: that he had a deep contempt for all physical things, that he took them at the most as a means of self-development and liberation—nothing more. Mother, you said that the Vedic age was like a promise. A promise to whom? To the Earth and men. They left a kind of oral document of their experience. It was transmitted—and this was the promise. They used an imaged language ...
... VI Ancient India, Bulletin of the Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi, Nos. 10 & 11, 1954-55 Anguttara Nikāya Apte, V. M., "Social and Economic Conditions", The Vedic Age, edited by R.C. Majumdar and A.D. Pusalker (Macmillan, London, 1953). Page 606 Archaeological Survey of India, 1912-13, 1926 Arrian, Life of Alexander the Great... Times, tr. from the German by Dastur Darab Peshotan Sanjana, II Ghirshman, R., Irān (Pelican Books, Harmondsworth, 1954) Ghosh, V. K., "Indo-Irānian Relations", The Vedic Age, edited by R. C. Manjumdar and A. D. Pusalker (George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London. 1954) Ghoshal, U. N., "Political Theory and Administrative Organisation", The Classical Age, edited... Vidyā Bhavan, Bombay, 1958) Page 615 Pusalker, A. D., "Aryan Settlements in India", "Traditional History from the Earliest Times to the Accession of Parīkshit", The Vedic Age, edited by R. C. Majumdar and A. D. Pusalker (Macmillan, London, 1953) Studies in the Epics and Purānas of India (Bhavan's Book University, Bombay, 1955) In Bhāratiya Vidyā (Bombay) ...
... in Atlantis or in some previously extant but now submerged islands of ancient times, there seemed to have flourished people with knowledge of secret truths. There was, undoubtedly, even a pre-Vedic age and a pre-Chaldean age, during which there seemed to have developed remarkable experiments and explorations leading to discoveries of momentous importance The results of these discoveries seem... first stage; the Purano-Tantric was the second stage*. In the former, an attempt was made to approach the mass-mind through the physical mind of man and make it familiar *"The date of the Vedic age is controversial, but according to a conservative hypothesis, its origins are dated 2000 B.C The Purano-Tantric age can be regarded to have extended from 600 B.C. to 800 B.C Page 58 ... the emotions, the senses, the vital and the aesthetic nature of man and turn them into stuff of the spiritual life. But this great effort and achievement which covered all the time between the Vedic age and the decline of Buddhism, was still not the .last possibility of the spiritual and religious evolution open to Indian culture. A further development through the third stage was attempted, but ...
... the modern sun and star myth weavers... . 25 I will take this Puranic theory [of cycles of civilisation that preceded ours] as a working hypothesis and suppose at least that there was a great Vedic age of advanced civilisation broken afterwards by Time and circumstance and of which modern Hinduism presents us only some preserved, collected or redeveloped fragments We need not understand by an advanced... and culture to the Shudra and the woman brought down Indian society to the level of its Western congeners. 48 August, 1916 If we look at the beginnings of Indian society, the far-off Vedic age which we no longer understand, for we have lost Page 119 that mentality, we see that everything is symbolic Let us take, for this example will serve us best, the Vedic institution ...
... chiefly on Fire, rather than on the presumed Soma, in spite of the suggestive title by which the Achaemenid emperor Darius I distinguishes them from the 263."Religion and Philosophy", The Vedic Age, p. 377. 264.Edited by James Hastings, published by T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh, 1925, Vol. I, pp. 333-34. 265.Edition 1977, Vol. 16, p. 440, col. 1. Page 314 two other tribes... Rigvedic age", even though "greedy like the wolf, niggardly, of cruel speech". 372 But 368. The Secret of the Veda, p. 230. 369. Ibid., p. 225. 370. Ibid., p. 226. 371. The Vedic Age, edited by R.C. Majumdar and A.D. Pusalker (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1952), p. 249. 372. Ibid., p. 248. Page 347 Pusalker is as distant as Parpola from the Aurobindonian ...
... intellect, but the emotions, the senses, the vital and the aesthetic nature of man and turn them into stuff of the spiritual life. But this great effort and achievement covered all the time between the Vedic age and the decline of Buddhism. Vaishnavism and Shaivism flourished during this period, and although there were during this period conflicts of religions and claims of superiority of one system of religion... ourselves in carrying them out in the service of Mother India. Page 33 × The date of the Vedic age is controversial, but according to a conservative hypothesis, its origins are dated 2000 B.C. The Purano-Tantric age can be regarded to have extended from 600 B.C. to 800 A.D. 3 Particularly, the ...
... be embraced and uplifted. If we examine the tradition with deeper insight, we shall find that there were three distinct stages in the development of that tradition. The first stage belongs to the Vedic age proper; the second stage was marked by Purano-Tantric age, and the third stage was that of Bhakti age, which, on account of various factors, could not complete its full curve. It was arrested, and... development where we find a newly awakened endeavour capable of meeting the challenges not only of the country but even those of the crisis of the entire humanity. Page 108 In the Vedic age, while the loftiest spiritual experiences were reserved for the initiates, the external religion was provided for the unripe which, however, prepared the physical mind of the masses to turn to the ...
... uplifted and more and more penetrated and suffused by a great saving power of spirituality and a vast stimulating and tolerant light of wisdom from a highest ether of knowledge. The second or post-Vedic age of Indian civilisation was distinguished by the rise of the great philosophies, by a copious, vivid, many-thoughted, many-sided epic literature, by the beginnings of art and science, by the evolution... or through any other fundamental power of his nature to some established supreme experience and highest absolute status. This great effort and achievement which covered all the time between the Vedic age and the decline of Buddhism, was still not the last possibility of religious evolution open to Indian culture. The Vedic training of the physically-minded man made the development possible. But in ...
... ancient history. First, mainly on the basis of the evidence of cotton he has shown that the Harappan civilisation, which overlapped the Sumerian and the Akkadian, belonged to the Sutra period of the Vedic Age. Second, he has also shown that the Rigveda preceded the Silver Age. Both these are of far-reaching significance, a fact that is now coming to be recognised with improved understanding of metallurgy... further support from metallurgy and ancient ecology, particularly the picture that is emerging of the drying up of the Sarasvati River. It now becomes possible to speak of a new sheet anchor for the Vedic Age - the Harappa-Sutra-Sumeria equation. Here are some excerpts from Sethna's work leading to that important chronological landmark. Page 154 ' We may sum up: a general survey of ...
... marking the end of the Indus settlement." 17 Lal cuts the very ground from under Wheeler. Besides, the paper by the physical anthropologist K.A.R. 15."The Indus Valley Civilization", The Vedic Age, p. 189. 16. Op. cit., p. 330, 2. and p. 352, col. 1. 17."The Indus Civilization", A Cultural History of India, edited by A.L. Basham (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1975), p. 19. Page... non-symbolic approach to the Rigveda, we should not allow ourselves to be misled by these descriptions. An element of hyperbole may very well be supposed. 21."Social and Economic Conditions", The Vedic Age, pp. 398-99. 22. Op. cit., pp. 137 , 140, 148. Page 104 Most scholars translate the word anās, which the Rigvedics use for their enemies, by "noseless". Surely, no Indian, ...
... slightest such as might fit into a tale of Indra's foes undergoing an Aryan invasion from outside India: the attack is from inside India and from a direction 3."Aryan Settlements in India", The Vedic Age, p.247. 4. Ibid. 5.Ibid. 6. Ibid., p. 245. 7. Ibid., p. 247. Page 126 opposite to the one surmised for invading Aryans. Again, have we any reason to... passages concerned, he lets himself use a turn of speech suggestive of a river rather than a city. Not only does he say "on the Yavyāvatī": he also says "on the Hariyūpiyā". 15 14. "The Early Vedic Age", An Advanced History of India p 26 15. Ibid., p. 25. Page 128 ...
... continually changing, but also its approximate rate of change. The language of Bernard Shaw is evidently not that of Byron, and Byron's language differs distinctly 1. "The Aryan Problem", The Vedic Age, Page 90 from that of Samuel Johnson. The rate of change revealed by a comparison of the idioms emanating from the pens of these three writers does suggest an approximate date... the Rigveda's, which he starts at 2700 B.C. He points out that the linguistic resemblance between the Rigveda and the Avesta may have 9. Op. cit., p. 310. 10. "The Aryan Problem", The Vedic Age, p. 207. Page 93 come about because the former's "language and vocabulary... were to some extent assimilated to those of the later times", a linguistic assimilation which "is suggested ...
... exact number of Agamas, but it is estimated that there are 64 of them. Page 461 into stuff of the spiritual life. But this great effort and achievement covered all the time between the Vedic age and the decline of Buddhism. Vaishnavism and Shaivism flourished during this period, and although there were during this period conflicts of religions and claims of superiority of one system of religion... specialisation, and a dispensable one, of the real and comprehensive system. × The date of the Vedic age is controversial, but according to a conservative hypothesis, its origins are dated 2000 B.C. The Purano-Tantric age can be regarded to have extended from 600 B.C. to 800 A.D. ...
... quality and spiritual experience, which can come about only through a long period of growth. It is difficult, however, to arrive at any conclusive determination of the dates of the Vedic or the pre-Vedic age, since there are varying opinions, and even conservative estimates vary between 5000 B.C. and 1500 B.C. 2 The name that was found by the Vedic Rishis for their expressive words and hymns was... wide and complex intellectual, aesthetic, ethical and social culture that came to be developed during the age that followed the age of the Vedas and the Upanishads. IV During this post-Vedic age, which extended right up to the decline of Buddhism, we see the rise of the great philosophies, many-sided epic literature, beginnings of arts and science, evolution of vigorous and complex societies ...
... creature on earth and that his evolution runs in a spiral movement, then the statement that the Aryans of the Vedic age were not highly advanced cannot be regarded as an axiomatic truth. Of course, there is no hard and fast rule that the education, culture and realisation of the Vedic age should have been similar to those of modern times. But their widely differing outlook and activities need not ...
... 114 Rock o f the Ages, 97 scientific knowledge in , 117 ·118 sec ret o f, 99, 122 symbolism o f, 98(fn), 114 viewed by Western scholars, 95 ·97, 107 ,116·117 Vedanta, 52, 95, 96, 109, 168 Vedic age civilization, 96 , 119-120 Vedic Rishis, see under Rishis village, 39, 41 in ancient India, 172, 220 development, 172 , 180 see also agriculture. peasantry violence, see under non-violence ...
... lustration etc. All this has obviously an esoteric sense but it testifies to the habitual presence of a number of priests at any large sacrifice. So we cannot say that there were no priests in the Vedic age. There does not seem to have been any priestly caste until later times when the four castes came definitely into being. But the Brahmins were not predominantly priests but rather scholars and int ...
... knows or guesses of the mystic influences that are behind his life and shape and govern or at the least intervene in its movements. If we look at the beginnings of Indian society, the far-off Vedic age which we no longer understand, for we have lost that mentality, we see that everything is symbolic. The religious institution of sacrifice governs the whole society and all its hours and moments, ...
... deep & leisurely thinkers, ought not to be carried away by its eager and immature conclusions. I will take this Puranic theory as a working hypothesis and suppose at least that there was a great Vedic age of advanced civilisation broken afterwards by Time and circumstance and of which modern Hinduism presents us only some preserved, collected or redeveloped fragments; I shall suppose that the real ...
... these inspired Mystics. Nor has any other expressed it with a greater subtlety and felicity than the Rishi Vamadeva, at once one of the most profound seers and one of the sweetest singers of the Vedic age. One of his hymns, the last of the fourth Mandala, is indeed the most important key we possess to the symbolism which hid behind the figures of the sacrifice those realities of psychological experience ...
... truth in life. —Sri Aurobindo Moksha, i.e., the liberation of the Soul from the dominance of Prakriti was considered the highest goal of life from time immemorial. In fact, after the Vedic age and during the period of the Upanishads when the Vedic ritualistic practices fell into disuse and the Jnana kanda came into prominence in our spiritual seeking, the sole objective was to get rid ...
... example, one could at once think of a river and of Page 473 inspiration. Sri Aurobindo also gives the example of a sailboat and the forward march of life. And he says that for those of the Vedic age it was quite natural, the two could go together, superimposed; it was merely a way of looking at the same thing from two sides, whereas now, when a word is said, we think only of this word all by ...
... put me into contact with a civilization prior to the Vedas—the Rishis and the Vedas are a kind of transition between that vanished civilization and the Indian civilization which grew out of the Vedic Age. It was yesterday [January 26] that I perceived this, and it was quite interesting.' × In the Vedas ...
... (Delhi, 1941), PI. CXXIII. 6.Lai. op. cit., p.8 7.J.P. Joshi, op. cit., PI. VII facing p. 121. 8.Sankalia, op. cit., p. 363, Fig. 95. 9."The Indus Valley Civilization", The Vedic Age, p. 189. 10.P.E. Cleator, Lost Languages (Mentor, New York, 1959), p. 51. 11. Ibid., p. 155, Fig. 11. Page 49 sign points to a chariot like those that came into vogue ...
... aware of traditions of esoteric practices in ancient Egypt, Chaldea, Greece, Persia, India and of other similar traditions. There was no doubt an age of Mysteries; there was, undoubtedly, even a pre-Vedic age and a pre-Chaldean age, during which there seemed to have developed experiences and explorations leading to discoveries which were important to the developments of yoga. The results of these discoveries ...
... considering various affirmations and negations that have been pronounced by seekers throughout the ages. The Upanishads are also known as Vedanta, not only because they came at the end of the Vedic age, but also because the highest discoveries of the Veda are supposed to be contained in the Upanishadic teachings. Vedanta grew into a school of philosophy in a later period of ancient Indian history ...
... the epic was composed varies considerably according to the critics. What can be said with certainty is that the Mahabharata belongs to the second period of the ancient history of India. After the Vedic age, also called the age of intuition, this period begins with the birth of the Buddha to the fall of the Mauryan empire. It marks the transition from the age of intuition to the age of reason. It is ...
... put me into contact with a civilization , prior to the Vedas—the Rishis and the Vedas are a kind of transition between that vanished civilization and the Indian civilization which grew out of the Vedic Age. It was g yesterday [January 26] that I perceived this, and it was quite interesting.' " ². In the Vedas, the panis and dasyus represent beings or forces hidden in subterranean caves who have ...
... people terribly concerned with inner values: these were much more important than an occupation with problems of food and lodging. We are all familiar with the poignant cry of an Indian woman of the Vedic age: what shall I do with the thing that does not give me Immortality? The truth then is this: the stronger the inner life a nation builds up and organises, the longer it lives and the greater the ...
... There were, naturally, these four Powers like Mahasaraswati, Mahalakshmi, Mahakali and Durga…, but there were so many other gods that I do not remember their names. There were also the gods of the Vedic age and then other gods who were there to be transformed. In fact, there was a crowd before me. One after another they came near me to announce their presence and I greeted each one of them happily. It ...
... and with delightful images makes Page 88 artistic creation of the highest order comes from a suprarational source was well established even in the earliest dawn of its culture —the Vedic Age. There is plenty of poetry written dominantly from the imaginative intelligence or from the rich field of experience of life, there is classical and romantic poetry but the Indian aesthete never ...
... There was an excessive otherworldly stress in the spiritual ideals of India for centuries, though renunciation of life as an indispensable condition for spiritual realisation was not accepted in the Vedic age. Nor was it accepted in the Upanishads. The conception of the Divine in the Gita is not that of a static being, it is dynamic. Gita may be said to be unique in emphasising this aspect and relating ...
... the essence of scripture, religion, literature, social, political and cultural history; and, in the result, there emerges a comprehensive image of the Tree of Indian Culture, with its roots in the Vedic age several thousand years ago, its oak-like Page 490 trunk of historical times altogether impressive though rugged and weather-beaten, and its branches and foliage responding readily ...
... regional tongues and a profuse variety of dialects. But one language, Sanskrit, was understood all over the great subcontinent. It is therefore not surprising that several thousand years after the Vedic Age, a saint-poet from the deep South, Tiruvalluvar, would echo all those concepts in his Kural. Full of worldly wisdom, Tirukkural is a comp re hensive manual of ethics, polity and love, expressed ...
... the Indian people continued, as the name Purana signifies, from ancient times. There is no essential change, but only a change of forms. The psychic symbols or true images of truth belonging to the Vedic age disappear or are relegated to a subordinate plan with a changed and diminished sense: others take their place more visibly large in aim, cosmic, comprehensive, not starting with conceptions drawn ...
... Indian territories. Unfortunately for this inference, most of the strange appellations have been reduced to their Sanskrit counterparts: 2. E.g., B.K. Ghosh, "The Aryan Problem", The Vedic Age, pp. 204-05. Page 32 Artasumara = Ritasmara, "remembering the divine law." Artadama = Ritadhaman, "abiding in the divine law." Abiratta = Abhiratha, "owner of a superior ...
... imponderable of the story is perhaps the premature death of Satyavan. Why was he preordained to die in his "beauty's bloom,"—as Torn Dutt says? If it is generally taken for granted that people in the Vedic age lived for a full span of a hundred years then this death took place too early. This is particularly disturbing when we are also told that he was a noble prince, a lustrous youth of exceptional spiritual ...
... common meaning connected with a dogmatic, institutional religion, but rather means what now we would call “spiritual”. As an example of the symbolic mentality Sri Aurobindo gives “the far-off Vedic age which we no longer understand”, precisely because the symbolic mentality is no longer ours and much has come in between. (There is no known example in the West, except perhaps to some extent the ancient ...
... we shall find that after reaching this height there was a descent which attempted to take up each lower degree of the already evolved consciousness and link it to the spiritual at the summit. The Vedic age was followed by a great outburst of intellectual philosophy which yet took spiritual truth as its basis and tried to reach it anew, not through a direct intuitive or occult process as did the Vedic ...
... Paradise of the gods. We now find, that however valid these ideas may have been for the vulgar, they were not the inner sense of the Veda to the seers, the illumined minds ( kavi, vipra ) of the Vedic age. For them these material objects were symbols of the immaterial; the cows were the radiances or illuminations of a divine Dawn, the horses and chariots were symbols of force and movement, gold was ...
... development of India. The first period of the ancient history of India is supposed to have extended from an uncertain date up to the birth of Buddha, i.e 550 or 560 BC. It is also called the Vedic age or age of intuition. The Vedas, Brahmanas and Upanishads correspond to that age. The second period is the age of Reason. The great epic literature (mainly the Ramayana and Mahabharata), great ...
... 376 V AISHESHIKAS, 327 Vansittart, Lord, 88 Varona, 9, 270 Varus, 88 Vedas, the, 5, 54, 63,70, 162,217-18, 221 2, 242, 247, 249, 272, 276, 281, 296 Vedic Age, 241 . Venizelos,239 Venus, 177 Versailles Treaty, 106 Vibhisana, 298 Vibhutis, 390 Virgil, 197,211,375 -Ae1Ulid, 375n Virochana, ...
... and Unwin Ltd, 1948, London. Kapali Sastry, TV., Collected-works, Dipti Publishers, 1971, Pondicherry, 13 Vols. Kunhan Raja, C., The Vedas: A Cultural Study. Majumdar, R.C., The Vedic Age, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1951, Bombay. Mookerji, Radha Kumud, Ancient Indian Education, Motilal Banarasidass, 1989, Delhi . Mother, The, Mother's Agenda, Mira Aditi Centre, 1951-1973 ...
... Significance of Indian Yoga IV (a) Beginning with the Veda or the pre-vedic age, Indian Yoga has continued to live uninterruptedly, and there have been in later periods greater clarities, deeper profundities, subtler precisions, effective specialisations, and even variations and enlargement of objectives and methods. It is true that the highest altitudes ...
... is true that Indian culture shares this with the more developed Asiatic peoples, but it has been brought here to an extraordinary degree of thoroughgoing pervasiveness. It was in the post-Vedic age of Indian civilization that the great intellectual development took place. This age was distinguished by the rise of the great philosophies, by a vivid, many-sided epic literature, by the beginnings ...
... (prose writings in justification of Vedic rituals and practices); and (3) the age of the Upanishads (prose and poetical writings containing intuitions of spiritual explorers). Page 83 The Vedic age is also called the age of Intuition, and it is a source of the continuous stream of various spiritual, religious, philosophical and scientific movements that took place in the succeeding periods of ...
... shall find that after reaching this height there was a descent which attempted to take up each lower degree of the already evolved consciousness and link it to the spiritual at the summit. The Vedic age was followed by a great outburst of intellect and philosophy which yet took spiritual truth as its basis and tried to reach it a new, not through a direct Intuition or occult process as did the ...
... "thought", "understanding", "truth", "right" etc. It expresses its vision in symbolic language which is a puzzle to the modern mind. The use of terms bearing psychological significance shows that the Vedic age was far from primitive. For example, words such as Dhi, Manas, Buddha. Chetana, Ritam, Satyam, Kavi, Manishi, Medhavi, Vipra, Vipaschit, Daksha, Chitti, Mati, Achitti etc., cannot be used by people ...
... the phenomenal success of the Ashram. Steeped in the Vedas, he had dreamt of those old-world ideas of wholeness and fullness and sex equality, and he felt that, for the first time perhaps after the Vedic age, the Mother had successfully translated its ideals into current living forms. As he enthusiastically declared: The whole process of sadhana is based here on Vedic principles. My heart overflows ...
... without prejudice, taking all the hard evidence into account, everything falls naturally into place, and the picture that emerges of India's ancient past is one of continuity through the ages: the Vedic Age maturing before 4000 B.C., followed by the Saraswati civilization which was its natural outgrowth, and by the Ganges civilization after the drying up of the Saraswati. India's ancient past has been ...
... old जरण्या (Vedic) old age. जरत् old, aged, decrepit, an old man. जरती, जरतिका an old woman जरतः an old man .. a buffalo. जरा age, decrepitude .. digestion praise, invoking जरायु slough.. outer skin of embryo .. afterbirth uterus, womb. जरित old, decayed. जरिन् old .. an old man. जरिमन् Vd. old age, decrepitude जरूथं... Derivatives of जृ जर old, aged, worn out, decaying (tr. intr), consuming जरः wearing out, wasting .. destruction Page 671 जरठ old, aged, decrepit.. bent, drooping, pale, yellow, hard-hearted, cruel. hard, solid.. ripe, mature जरठः old age. जरण old, aged, decrepit.. digestive जरणः cummin seed जरणा old age, praise जरंड decayed... Essays and Notes on Philology Essays and Notes on Philology Philological Notes Vedic and Philological Studies Notes on Root-Sounds General [1] अ absolute existence इ relative existence उ pervasive, contained or progressive existence r क possession, mastery, creation, action r ख attack ...
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