Galileo : Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Italian astronomer, mathematician, physicist, he proved that the earth revolves round the sun, not vice versa as imposed by Christian theology; tried by the Inquisition & imprisoned, he was allowed to live in seclusion near Florence after he recanted his ‘blasphemy’.
... into a cause of serious tension, for instance during the late Renaissance when Galileo Galilei was put on trial by the Inquisition of the Catholic Church. “The Galileo Affair had a catastrophic effect on the Church, putting her in discredit for her inability to accept the development of the sciences. Her condemnation of Galileo remains the big mistake which nothing can efface and makes the Church into... background that the scientific revolution took place. The principles then formulated by Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, Newton, and a host of less well-known “natural philosophers,” are still the pillars supporting positivist or materialistic science today. All can be found, worded in various ways, in the works of Galileo 7 , the Catholic scientist to whom they were the keys to decipher the book of Nature... he propounded as in the fact that the system he did propound would ignite the great revolution in physics that we associate with the names of Galileo, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton. The so-called Copernican revolution was really a later revolution of Galileo, Kepler, and Newton.” 13 In fact, Galileo’s “spyglass” or “optick tube” did more for the acceptance of the heliocentric system than Copernicus’ ...
... ancient Greek and Latin authors, and who, inspired by them, launched the movement they called la nuova scienza . A decisive confrontation in this general attack was the trial of Galileo Galilei by the Inquisition, lost by Galileo 2 but ultimately won by science. As mentioned in one of the first chapters, Galileo’s premises would become the foundations of the revolutionary scientific method. His first... Richard Dawkins: A Devil’s Chaplain , p. 184. × Galileo Galilei is usually referred to as ‘Galileo’, his first name, which is quite exceptional. Nobody ever refers to Newton as ‘Isaac’ or to Einstein as ‘Albert’. ... from the start, a gap between science on the one side, and religion, occultism and everything else on the other. How sharply this separation was felt by both sides is illustrated precisely by the Galileo Affair, the core of which was the justification of different worldviews. Matter could be directly experienced by the senses; life and mind – and the non-material worlds of occultism, religion and fantasy ...
... (still extant), the witch hunts which killed hundreds of innocent women in the cruelest manner, and the burning of unbelievers from within and without the Church’s ranks. Dogmatic fanaticism brought Galileo to trial, “the most tragic event in the whole of the scientific revolution.” Less well-known is the anti-modernist action of the Catholic Church following the declaration of papal infallibility in... admitting the coexistence of error, Divine inspiration by itself excludes all error, and that also of necessity, since God, the Supreme Truth, must be incapable of teaching error.” (Leo XIII, 1893 6 ) Galileo barely escaped burning, Bruno did not. Descartes hesitated to publish, Newton hid his Arianism, Darwin stalled writing what would become the Origin for twenty years, the theologians Küng and Sch... the Hebrews were the Chosen People to whom all “the nations” were to bow, and whose reign over the Earth would be the sign for the Last Judgment. Nor should it be forgotten that Judaism had its own Galileo in the person of Baruch Spinoza (1632-77), one of the great philosophers. “On 27 July 1656, the elders of the Amsterdam synagogue made the following cherem , or damnation, or fatwa, concerning his ...
... doubt that Leonardo's widespread fame as an artist and engineer had a strong influence on many scientifically and philosophically oriented thinkers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Galileo Galileo (1564-1642) at least was raised in the same intellectual climate of central and northern Renaissance Italy. Page 185 complex process of cultural evolution started in the fourteenth... The Aim of Life Search for Excellence and Perfection Introduction More than a century before Galileo, one man succeeded in overcoming the age-old distinction between the contemplative and active life, between science and craft, through a unique synthesis of scientific investigation and artistic expression. For his work in which he employed... entirely with the medieval Aristotelian tradition and started a new quantitative and experimental approach to a new science of matter is what makes him the forerunner of early modern scientists like Galileo, Francis Bacon, William Harvey, Nicolaus Copernicus and Isaac Newton 1 .This man was Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo's lifetime was a period of great cultural turmoil, marked by such notable events ...
... and Metaphysics It is well-known that the intellectual knowledge of Nature has developed from a mainly philosophical physics (e.g., Democritus, Aristotle) to a mainly scientific physics (Galileo, Newton, Lavoisier, Dalton, etc.). The science as developed after the Renaissance, - and which is incidentally one of the greatest achievements of the 17th century, - is a completely a-philosophic... ultimately be translated into the language of sense-data. But what of the intermediate steps? Should they too be capable of visualization in terms of sense-data? In the light of the achievements of Galileo, Kepler and Newton, it looked, indeed, in the first stages of physics, as if such a requirement could be imposed on the theory. It was the period of 'mechanistic picture' of the universe where all ...
... did not hide their convictions. Moreover, the sciences had become materialistic and mechanistic since Galileo Galilei, René Descartes, Isaac Newton, and Laplace. God in his heaven had still been reverenced for some time, though mainly to avoid the persecution and heavy punishment Giordano Bruno, Galileo and many others had suffered. In Britain, for example, “the bishops considered Hobbes to be an enemy... of the narrow, rigid circle of general awareness threatened its author with the danger of punishment and social discrimination. Innovation and progress have needed their Socrates, Luther, Bruno or Galileo in all cultures, in all times. Gradualism in geology was initiated by Hutton, taken over by Lyell, and accepted by Darwin. The first geologists, in Britain as well as in France, went exploring what ...
... allow a mechanical model to be made of it, but long before the advent of relativity or quantum physics the mechanical model was found insufficient. For, what after all renders such a model possible? Galileo and Newton believed that all events could be reduced to forces which act between particles along lines connecting the particles and which depend only on distance. This belief and nothing else is in... ever posit. Russell on page 140 of The ABC of Relativity refers to the oddness of the old gravitational concept. "Aristotle," he writes, "thought that heavy bodies fall faster than light ones. Galileo showed that this is not the case, when the resistance of the air is eliminated. In a vacuum, a feather falls as fast as a lump of lead. As regards the planets it was Newton who established the cor ...
... nihilism of the present time? The simple and far-reaching answer is, as already stated above, that the Western image of man and of reality was and remains fatefully defective. The “natural philosophy” of Galileo and Kepler has led to the recognition that Matter is the sole constituent of the universe; man, part of the universe, became nothing else than matter. Then, what is Mind? The high-wire intellectual... × “Natural philosophy” – what we now call “science” – however controversial it may have become at present, seemed an almost miraculous discovery at the time of Galileo, Kepler and Newton. × Sri Aurobindo: A Dream of Surreal Science , in Collected Poems, p. 145. ...
... anthropic principle”! Nonetheless, the data now at the disposal of the scientists of the micro- and the macroworlds, as those of biology, differ enormously from the data that were available to a Galileo, Descartes or Newton. The principle of studying the facts as perceived by the senses may remain the same, but – and this is only one different factor – instruments have extended the perception of the... Species in 1959. Although biology relied on physics as its nethermost basis, the background mentality in the two fields was quite dissimilar, physics having its tradition of the great “mystics” (Galileo, Kepler, Newton, and the Einstein-Bohr generation), biology convinced of its metaphysical truths within a chitin shell of dogmatism, possibly secreted because of sheer vulnerability. Because of ...
... It was only because man had already travelled long that Darwin escaped the fate that befell Bruno and Galileo. Because of their opposition to the geocentric theory of the universe, hallowed and sanctified by the body of the Church, Bruno was burnt at the stake, and the sixty-seven years old Galileo called before the Inquisition had to indicate his "free and unbiased" willingness to recant, to "abjure ...
... achievements would pale. But at present psychology is in the condition of physics before Galileo and the laws of motion, ____________________ ³ Psychology, a brief course by Prof. Wm, James, P. 467 Page 124 of chemistry before Lavoisier and the notion that mass is preserved in all reactions. The Galileo, the Lavoisier of psychology will be famous men indeed when they come, as come they ...
... and does it signify that we are to reject modern truth and modern method of science because they come to us from Europe and go back to the imperfect scientific knowledge of classical India, exile Galileo and Newton and all that came after and teach only what was known to Bhaskara, Aryabhatta and Varahamihira? Or how should the teaching of Sanskrit or the living indigenous tongues differ in kind and ...
... and does it signify that we are to reject modern truth and modern method of science because they come to us from Europe, and go back to the imperfect scientific knowledge of classical India, exile Galileo and Newton and all that came after and teach only what was known to Bhaskara, Aryabhatta and Varahamihira? Or how should the teaching of Sanskrit or the living indigenous tongues differ in kind and ...
... of religion as a guide and control of human society lies there. Churches and creeds have, for example, stood violently in the way of philosophy and science, burned a Giordano Bruno, imprisoned a Galileo, and so generally misconducted themselves in this matter that philosophy and science had in self-defence to turn upon Religion and rend her to pieces in order to get a free field for their legitimate ...
... intellectuality that had found its initial growth in Leonardo started to emerge. It was fostered by Francis Bacon, yet it may be said to have emerged in a recognisable form only with the advent of Galileo and to have reached a world stature, so to speak, not prior to Newton. Hand in hand with its development went the rise of a new Classicism - the Miltonic, the French and the pseudo-Augustan. And by ...
... personal God. He considered his exploration of spiritism and the supernatural as purely and exclusively scientific, on scientific principles and in the spirit of experimental science as practiced since Galileo Galilei. But what was fancy and superstition to other scientists, Wallace found to be factually true according to his experience as a scientist, but as yet insufficiently known or understood. “A century ...
... their facts in the language and tokens of the vital and mental Brahman.” 34 Western scientific materialism, after initially accepting the Book of God (the Bible ) and the Book of Nature, as Galileo and Kepler did, has rejected the former and accepts exclusively the latter, not realizing that it is trying to decipher an amputated version. To solve its own fundamental problems, to approach closer ...
... dawning awareness of the unity of the one Earth was foreseen long before Leonardo da Vinci, 91 as long before Giordano Bruno, Johannes Kepler, Erasmus, Mercator, Vesalius, Christiaan Huygens and Galileo Galilei the coming was foreseen of the being that would be the fulfillment and at the same time the surpassing of man. None can tell why this had to happen now, as our notions of the development of ...
... divergence of science and spirituality was no other than the narrow dogmatism of the Catholic Church at the time of the post-Renaissance. The burning at the stake of Giordano Bruno and the condemnation of Galileo Galilei will forever remain emblematic of Rome’s sectarian, dogmatic attitude. “It is not impossible to foresee the development in which the two will unite in a very deep and close understanding of ...
... explains here that the reality of what science tries to grasp, describe and understand is much more complex than science even accepts. The simple but crucial reason is that physical science has in Galileo, Descartes and Newton reduced reality to the realm of matter, declaring the other principles of what constitutes reality – life, mind, spirit – to be reducible to matter, or otherwise to be outside ...
... observation actual or potential. Here we strike upon an extremely significant characteristic of Einsteinian science. Although Einstein acts th8 "observer" in essentially the same manner as Newton or Galileo or even Archimedes and imports no special subjectivism into physics, yet when it comes to correlating the data of observation and reaching fundamental theory he worK5 with a radical dissimilarity to ...
... money." The fact is that there is in physics no immediate road to "intelligence" from the supersession of mechanism. In physics the mechanical model remains possible only so long as the belief of Galileo and Newton is valid that all physical events can be reduced to forces which act between particles along lines connecting the particles and which depend only on distance. This belief and nothing else ...
... beneath exegetical difficulties in matters of detail, a fundamental religious antinomy ended by coming to the surface: the conflict that was involved (though this was not clearly realised) in the Galileo controversy. With the universe rescued from immobility, a kind of divinity completely immanent in the world was progressively tending to take the place in man's consciousness of the transcendent Christian ...
... man may resolve to explore. He may turn to the dialogues of Plato, learn and endure the Cartesian doubt, and marvel at the magnificence of Spinoza and Leibnitz. He may witness the conflict between Galileo and God, sharpen his intellect on the whetstone of materialism, pursue zealously the dispassionate inquiries of science, probe the 'fourth' dimension, examine evolution and mutation, and dream of a ...
... So it is all the more amazing that Christ was able to set in motion what represents one of the major turns of human history. He spent the first thirty years of his life in Nazareth, a village of Galileo in Palestine. His father Joseph was a carpenter and Jesus became one in turn. One striking incident occurred when Jesus was about twelve years old (Luke 2: 41-51). On the occasion of a family trip ...
... their experiments and efforts at spiritual training and the conquest of the body, perfected a discovery which in its importance to the future of human knowledge dwarfs the divinations of Newton and Galileo, even the discovery of the inductive and experimental method in Science was not more momentous... " 1 This discovery was the discovery of Yoga. The ancient seers made a distinction between religion ...
... who began to chart out a programme of inquiry, and it has been said that these seekers perfected a discovery which in its importance to the future of human knowledge dwarfs the thought of Newton and Galileo. Even the discovery of the inductive method in science was not more momentous. For they discovered, down to its ultimate processes, the method of yoga, and by the method of yoga reached some crowning ...
... tested by its effective application, in its successful working out. All scientific discoveries in the beginning appear as inconveniences that upset the known and accepted order. Copernicus, Newton, Galileo, Kepler, Maxwell or Einstein in our day enunciated principles that were not obvious sense-given axioms. These are at the outset more or less postulates that have to be judged by their applicability ...
... is, be its own observer. Modern Science means not so much the observer narrating the story of the observed but the observed telling its own story. The first step is well exemplified in the story of Galileo. When hot discussion was going on and people insisted on saying-as Aristotle decided and common sense declared – that heavier bodies most naturally fall quicker from a height, it was this prince of ...
... their experiments and efforts at spiritual training and the conquest of the body, perfected a discovery which in its importance to the future of human knowledge dwarfs the divinations of Newton and Galileo; even the discovery of the inductive and experimental method in Science was not more momentous; for they discovered down to its ultimate processes the method of Yoga and by the method of Yoga they ...
... perception that the earth is a Page 123 moving body in astronomy,— calā pṛthvī sthirā bhāti , the earth moves and only appears to be still, said the Indian astronomer many centuries before Galileo. This great development would hardly have been possible in a nation whose thinkers and men of learning were led by its metaphysical tendencies to turn away from the study of nature. A remarkable feature ...
... is only the divine love which can bear the burden I have to bear, that all have to bear who have sacrificed everything else to the one aim of uplifting earth out of darkness towards the Divine. The Galileo-like Je-m'en-fiche-ism ± would not carry me one step: it would certainly not be divine. It is quite another thing that enables me to walk, unweeping, and lamenting towards the goal." But strange ...
... religion among supposedly civilized countries. Moreover, science had changed the way men looked at the cosmos and, in consequence, the idea they made of its Maker. Copernicus had long been accepted, Galileo had discovered new heavenly bodies, and Newton’s laws suggested a universe hardly compatible with the Biblical stories of creation. Besides, scholars like Richard Simon had shown that the Bible, when ...
... religion], and second, that natural selection [a scientific mechanism] had been the chief agent of change.” 21 When the Renaissance had made the return of science possible – la nuova scienza – Galileo Galilei picked up where the ancient Greek scientists had had to leave off. He defined the principles of science which are still valid today. 1. Science should be about matter. This is now so self-evident ...
... is only divine love which can bear the burden I have to bear, that all have to bear who have sacrificed everything else to the one aim of uplifting earth out of its darkness towards the Divine. The Galileo-like "je m'en fiche"-ism [I do not care] would not carry me one step; it would certainly not be Divine. It is quite another thing that enables me to walk unweeping and unlamenting towards the goal ...
... cover not only the Fall of the Angels and of Man but whatever happened afterwards in all parts of the world. Thus when he writes of Satan's shield he brings in his own contemporary, the scientist Galileo, and his explorations of space through the telescope: it is one of the most celebrated of Milton's similes. Satan his ponderous shield, Ethereal temper, massy, large and round, Behind ...
... most significantly the absence of stark opposition has been with regard to the science that is the very foundation of all sciences: physics. What is called classical or Newtonian physics was with Galileo and Kepler and Newton "the thinking of God's thoughts after Him". That is to say, physics was regarded as a discovery, by actual observation and by mathematical calculation, of the processes and laws ...
... whether it may not be replaced in this or another century by a better—or a worse? All observed astronomical phenomena were admirably accounted for by theories of spheres and I know not what else, before Galileo came in with his "And yet it moves," disturbing the infallibility of Popes and Bibles and the science and logic of the learned. One feels certain that admirable theories could be invented to account ...
... physiological reaction called by us an intuition or train of reasoning crowned by discovery having, I suppose, taken place in a properly constituted nervous body and the more richly convoluted brain of a Galileo of biology,—and then this great and simple truth will be proved, like many other things once scoffed at by the shallow common sense of humanity. But the difficulty is that it seems incapable of proof ...
... 74 France, 16, 69, 89-90, 101, 128, 145, 159, 197, 241, 244-6 France, Anatole, 145 French Revolution, 32, 52, 59, 101, 105,. 126, 149, 155, 207-8 Francis I, 90, 120 GALILEO, 308, 322 Germany, 32, 70, 72, 87-9 Gibbon, 238 -The Decline & Fall of the Roman EmPire, 238 Gide, Andre, 353-4 Gita, the, 27, 57,68, 83, 161, 163,188-9 ...
... that, historically and as a matter of fact, religious traditions and orthodox reactions have stood violently in the way of science, burned a Bruno at the stake, imprisoned a sixty-seven years old Galileo, heaped abuses on a Darwin and often represented a force for retardation, superstition and oppressive ignorance. And all this simply because "men in the passion and darkness of their vital nature had ...
... supports everything. But the question is: What is this sight and what are these eyes? We may have a quick look at it to appreciate the nature of the ascending series of sight itself. From Galileo to Hubble telescope in the outer sky, it has been a long leap of science. The sight that would show us the dark spots on the sun has now travelled to the farthest reaches of the universe. Yet the end ...
... individuals. The man of the Renaissance, whose life was a constant fight, who was exposed continuously to dangers and to inclemencies, who was capable of as great an enthusiasm for the discoveries of Galileo as for the masterpieces of Leonardo da Vinci or Michelangelo, did not resemble modem man who lives in a steam-heated apartment, an air conditioned office, a closed car, who contemplates absurd films ...
... heroism. Sri Aurobindo had conceived of a national system of education, which had three important elements. Firstly, he made it clear that national education did not mean that we have to exile Galileo and Newton and all that came after and teach only what was known to Bhaskara, Aryabhatta and Varahamihira. But it means that an adequate place should be provided for the study of the noble heritage ...
... see that in the past it has often stood in the way of the development and growth of philosophy and science. The records of History show how the Christian Church burned a Giordano Bruno, imprisoned a Galileo, and so generally misconducted itself in this matter that philosophy and science had in self-defence to turn upon Religion and rend her to pieces in order to get a free field for their legitimate ...
... be its' own observer. Modern Science means not so much the observer narrating the story of the observed but the observed telling its own story. The first step is well exemplified in the story of Galileo. When hot discussion was going on and people insisted on saying—as Aristotle decided and common sense declared—that heavier bodies most naturally fall quicker from a height, it was this prince of ...
... spirits even in the realm of science we find in a more or less degree an evidence of this power; for at the root of all creation this power is bound to exist. In the' brain of all discoverers from Galileo to Einstein has played the high light of a supersensuous, supra-intellectual vision. All their achievements, at any rate all the achievements of Jagadish Chandra, show how this vision has been brought ...
... their experiments and efforts at spiritual training and the conquest of the body, perfected a discovery which in its importance to the future of human knowledge dwarfs the divinations of Newton and Galileo, even the discovery of the inductive and experimental method in Science was not more momentous..." This discovery was the discovery of Yoga. The ancient seers made a distinction between religion ...
... express the inspirations of the Time-Spirit in their purity, so long as they remain loyal to it in the depths of their being. Pythagoras and Plato, Zoroaster and Christ and Mohammed, Leonardo, Galileo and Newton, Mirabeau, Danton, Robespierre and Napoleon, Mazzini and Garibaldi, Marx and Lenin etc., in the West, and Rama, Sri Krishna, Mahavira and Buddha, Shankaracharya and Chaitanya, Sri Ramakrishna ...
... reference books and in the best dictionaries. Page 239 The sun's revolving around the earth, too, was for centuries such a dead certainty to early European astronomers that Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler had to be dangerous heretics to think otherwise —luckily, that certainty is now dead indeed, as are the countless instances of human blindness that litter the ages. The 'Aryan Invasion Theory ...
... privilege. For, there is not the slightest doubt that he is the most original thinker in the whole history of science. }.W.N. Sullivan perhaps hits the mark when he says that while we can imagine Galileo's and Newton's work done by other geniuses we find it extremely difficult to believe anyone would have discovered relativity theory if Einstein had not lived! An Entirely New Turn of Mind ...
... formula, that all is matter because there is nothing but matter. If such is Reality, then a time will come that science, physical and biological, will have to confront and accept it. No doubt, Galileo’s method, developed into what became called the scientific method, was a necessary start to get a grip on the aspect of reality perceptible by the senses. But it is now clear to open-minded theorists ...
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