Voltaire : Francois-Marie-Arouet de Voltaire (1694-1778), French philosopher known for his crusade against tyranny, bigotry, & cruelty, & his wit, satire, & critical acumen. He produced more than fifty volumes & a huge correspondence.
... that of Voltaire. His religious and philosophical opinions were entirely negative. Voltaire (1694-1778) (pseudonyme of François-Marie Arouet) French writer, satirist, the embodiment of the 18th century Enlightenment. Voltaire is remembered as a crusader against tyranny and bigotry. Compared to Rousseau's (1712-1778) rebelliousness and Page 68 idealism, Voltaire was skeptical... flattered by kings and nobility. Voltaire died in Paris on May 30, 1778, as the undisputed leader of the Age of Enlightenment. He had suffered throughout his life from poor health, but at the time of his death he was eighty-four. Voltaire left behind him over fourteen thousand known letters and over two thousand books and pamphlets. As an essayist Voltaire defended freedom of thoughts and... solution of the great philosophical problems. Voltaire disliked his great contemporary thinker, but their ideas influenced deeply the French Revolution. In 1761 he wrote to Rousseau: "One feels like crawling on all fours after reading your work." "Liberty of thought is the life of the soul." {Essay on Epic Poetry, 1727) François-Marie Arouet de Voltaire was born in Paris into a middle-class family ...
... with Voltaire and frequently invited him to his court. Voltaire used to get disgusted with the company of all the German generals sitting so upright and very often he refused the invitation. SRI AUROBINDO: Naturally. English generals are no better, perhaps. Frederick tried to write poetry in French and once sent some to Voltaire. Someone seeing the bundle asked him what it was. Voltaire said, ... "Frederick has sent some of his dirty linen to wash." (Laughter) PURANI: He was very bad-tempered and nobody dared to take any liberty with him, except Voltaire. SRI AUROBINDO: Both were bad-tempered and they were difficult for anybody to live with. Frederick was an egotist too. PURANI: He was very charitable, it seems. SRI AUROBINDO: Yes, that was one good side of his character. ...
... indeed," she wrote to Voltaire, "fanatics who, as they are no longer persecuted by others, burn themselves; but if those of other countries did the same, no great harm would result." The philosophes were especially pleased by Catherine's subordination of the Russian Church to the state. Some of them complained that she still attended religious services (so did Voltaire); the older of them ... coming she personally prepared a Nakaz, or Instructions, describing the principles upon which the new code should be formed. These reflected her reading of Montesquieu, Beccaria, Blackstone, and Voltaire. She began by declaring that Russia must be thought of as a European state, and should have a constitution based upon "European principles." This did not, in her understanding, mean a "constitutional... emancipation of the serfs. Even as so bowdlerized the Instructions, published in Holland in 1767, stirred the European intelligentsia to enthusiastic praise. The Empress sent a copy direct to Voltaire, who made his usual obeisance. "Madame, last night I received one of the guarantees of your immortality—your code in a German translation. Today I have begun to translate it into French. It will ...
... faiths, repudiated by society and civilization, repudiating Voltaire, Diderot, the Encyclopedic, and the Age of Reason, driven from place to place as a dangerous rebel, suspected of crime and insanity, and seeing, in his last months, the apotheosis of his greatest enemy — how did it come about that this man, after his death, triumphed over Voltaire, revived religion, transformed education, elevated the... serenity and cheerfulness in his talk... To an expression of great mildness he unites a glance of fire, and eyes the vivacity of which was never seen. " 2 The 1750 s saw mounting quarrels with Voltaire and Diderot, as his writings struck new notes of defiant independence. In 1754 another essay competition prompted a second discourse, the Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality Among... will have acquired sufficient skill in some trade to earn his living with his hands if that should ever be necessary. (Many a tradeless emigre, thirty years later, would regret having laughed, as Voltaire did, at Rousseau's "gentilhomme menuisier" — gentleman carpenter.) In any case Emile (though he is heir to a modest fortune) must serve society either manually or mentally. "The man who eats in ...
... anybody. Criticism is also a great power and there are some purely critical minds that have become immortals, Voltaire for instance; Shaw on his own level may survive—only his thinking is more of a personal type and not classic and typical of a fundamental current of the human intellect like Voltaire. His personality may help him, as Johnson was helped by his personality to live. Shaw is not a dramatist;... beauty—no matter what its substance—or a perfect form and memorable. Bankim seemed to me to have achieved that in his own way as Plato in his or Cicero or Tacitus in theirs or in French literature, Voltaire, Flaubert or Anatole France. I could name others, especially in French which is the greatest store-house of fine prose among the world's languages—there is no other to match it. Matthew Arnold once ...
... even the sneering Byron to forget his usual condescending attitude towards "Johnny" and confess that nothing grander had been seen since Aeschylus. Racine, too, cannot be left out—can he? Voltaire adored him, Voltaire who called Shakespeare a drunken barbarian. Finally, what of Wordsworth, whose Immortality Ode was hailed by Mark Pattison as the ne plus ultra of English poetry since the days of Lycidas... exceeded his weight, because his height was at the best considerable, even magnificent, but his depth insufficient and especially because he was often too oratorical to be quite sincere. The remarks of Voltaire and Mark Pattison go into the same basket. 2 April 1932 Epic Greatness and Sublimity How do you differentiate between epic power and the Aeschylean sublime? Into what category would the ...
... makes no sense to me. The intellectual assault on Christian missionaries was led by Francois-Marie Arouet, better known as Voltaire (1694-1778). He was joined by many more, among whom were Madame de Steal (1766-1817), and Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826). Voltaire, who dominated the intellectual world of the eighteenth century, was also endowed with a lion's heart. He took on the might of the... she was rich, and surely a rich people is united, civilized and polished long before a society of thieves." That remark applies not only to India but to other countries also, like the Americas. Voltaire had a profound reason for his lifelong revolt against Christianity. "The Indian books announce only peace and gentleness, they forbid killing of animals. The Hebrew books speak only of massacring ...
... Treaty on Tolerance set the tone for a less prejudiced attitude. But then there is the case of that other philosophe , as the thinkers of the Enlightenment were called, Jean-Marie Arouet, alias Voltaire. Strange to say, this man, who was one of the prominent champions of the new ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity, was also “a vicious anti-Semite” (Weiss). The many barbs against the Jews in... they turn them and sell them for new at the highest possible price.” Etc. 561 The English editor and translator of the Dictionary tries to defend his author: “This sort of thing is common form in Voltaire, and the legend of his anti-Semitism has persisted … He did not dislike the Jews on ‘racial grounds’, but only because they were the people of the Old Testament and the precursors of Christianity” ...
... mercurial mood, metaphor-gorgedness, word-variety, protean syntax. More or less the same, I suspect, as what Voltaire did. The French have an intellect very much like that of the Greeks, though in other respects they are very different, and most probably Aristotle would have proclaimed like Voltaire that Shakespeare was a drunken barbarian. And would the Greeks have got hold of the Romantic Movement in ...
... Reason, especially in its French representatives, the philosophes Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot, d’Alembert, d’Holbach, de la Mettrie, and others, dominated the European scene, making French the common language of the nobility, the intellectuals and the international relations between countries. It was the time that Voltaire stayed at the court of the Prussian King Frederick II, and Diderot held long ...
... overtaken her. She had heard of vaccination in England. Her admiration for English institutions had been encouraged by her friendship with Sir Charles Hanbury 'Williams and the influence of Voltaire. The practical English had imported vaccination from the Orient, and an Englishwoman, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, had set a brave example by allowing herself and her son to be inoculated¹. On the... Gregory Orlov. On the second day after the operation, Orlov had gone hunting. This was news to send to Europe, still trembling at the bare thought of vaccination. The Empress wrote the story to Voltaire, trusting him to spread it in the proper quarters. All at once she was ashamed that she had ever been so timorous as to fear vaccination. After all, every street urchin³ in England had as much ...
... Dietrich Bronder, op., cit., p. 352. 558 Michael Ley: Apokalypse und Moderne, p. 153. 559 John Weiss, op. cit., p. 24. 560 Lucy Dawidowicz: The War against the Jews 1933-45, p. 50. 561 Voltaire: Philosophical Dictionary, pp. 16, 19. 562 Id., p. 16 (footnote). 563 Id., p. 107. 564 John Weiss, op. cit., p. 97. 565 Lucy Dawidowicz, op. cit., p. 54. 566 George Mosse, op. cit... Lehrmeister, p. 86, footnote. 1000 Id., p. 86, footnote. 1001 In Claus-Ekkehard Bärsch: Die politische Religion des Nationalsozialismus, p. 68. 1002 Id., pp. 77, 73. 1003 Ibid. 1004 Voltaire: Philosophical Dictionary, pp, 24-25. 1005 Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke: The Roots of Nazism, p. 148. 1006 Dietrich Bronder: Bevor Hitler kam, p. 243. 1007 Michael Hesemann: Hitlers Religion ...
... crucified. What a Page 545 bankruptcy! What a beggary of things that were rich and noble! Europe boasts of her science and its marvels. But an Indian cannot content himself with asking like Voltaire, as the supreme question, "What have you invented?" His glance is at the soul; it is that into which he is accustomed to inquire. To the braggart intellect of Europe he is bound to reply, "I am not ...
... firing men with social hope and patriotic faith, and the good done is well worth having even at the price of much harm and ruin. M. Taine gives the same explanation of the success of Rousseau and Voltaire in influencing the minds of the French people, though there were Montesquieu with a sort of historic method, Turgot and the school of the economists and, what is more, seventy thousand of the secular ...
... 08 The impending promotion of John Morley, the philosopher, to the House of Lords is one of the crimes of present day Page 1041 politics. The Radical philosopher, the biographer of Voltaire and Rousseau, the admired bookman of heterodoxy, is to end his days in that privileged preserve of all that is antiquated, anomalous, conservative and unprogressive, that standing negation of democratic ...
... caesurain English I quoted Voltaire's definition: "la césure rompt le vers partout où elle coupe le phrase. 'Tiens, le voila, marchons, il est a nous, viens, frappe'." "From this example given by Voltaire," I wrote, "does it not seem that he takes caesura to mean every pause of the kind indicated by a comma? But that is not, I gather, what is meant by caesura in English prosody? Please enlighten." ...
... worthy champions of the new spirituality were the Germans; the selfishly scheming promoters of materialism were the Jews. The latter had no idea of true spirituality, or of a soul, or of another world. Voltaire had written it long ago: “What is very singular is that in all the laws of god’s people there is not a word about the spirituality and the immortality of the soul … It is quite certain, it is indubitable ...
... they have heard in their youth: the horrors and bizarreries in the Old Testament, the unbelievable miracles in the New Testament, the tragi-comedy of Christianity’s history, and some quotations from Voltaire (who was, though not religious, an ardent believer in God), David Hume and Bertrand Russell. The physicist Paul Davies started his career as a best-selling science author with God and the New ...
... It may be noted in passing that “no Jew played a noteworthy role in the [French] Revolution nor in the philosophical revolution by which it was preceded”. 331 On the contrary, leading writers like Voltaire were outspoken anti-Semites. In his stance against the Enlightenment and progress, Hitler was as völkisch as could be and an exponent of the times in Germany. But he extended this oppositional ...
... Christ was crucified. What a bankruptcy! What a beggary of things that were rich and noble! Europe boasts of her science and its marvels. But an Indian cannot content himself with asking like Voltaire, as the supreme question, "What have you invented?" His glance is Page 77 at the soul; it is that into which he is accustomed to enquire. To the braggart intellect of Europe he ...
... digression. So I'll tell you something about him. Haiti, also known as Santo Domingo, was a French possession in the West Indies. The influx of the new ideas about liberty, whose fount was the work of Voltaire and the Encyclopaedists and Rousseau, was as much French as was the actual sovereignty that denied liberty to this colony of Negroes. So at the spur of French ideas Toussaint led an insurrection against ...
... disease, and Charles V had gout, arteriosclerosis, and dropsy. Many eminent men had syphilis (Henry VIII, Benvenuto Cellini, Baudelaire), and sufferers from tuberculosis can be listed with out end — Voltaire, Kant, Keats, Dostoevsky, Moliere, Schiller, Descartes, Cardinal Manning, Spinoza, Cicero, St. Francis. But in the realm of physical deformity names are not so numerous. Several celebrated writers ...
... itself in its truth and power, as embodied in what is called classicism in literature; the latter its darker phase, its decline, the manifestation of its weakness. Its death-knell was first sounded by Voltaire who symbolised the mind's destructive criticism of itself, the same which Anatole France in France and Shaw in England have continued in our days almost to a successful issue. Rousseau brought ...
... if not by a living creature then by a lifeless book, if not by Religion then by Science, if Page 49 not by the East then by the West, if not by Buddha or Christ then by Bentham or Voltaire. Only they do it unwittingly – they change one set of personalities for another and believe they have rejected them all. The veils of Maya are a thousand-fold tangle and you think you have entirely ...
... – stalwarts that either stuck to the prevailing norm and gave it a kind of stagnant nobility or already leaned towards the new light that was dawning once more. Pope and Johnson, Montes-quieu and Voltaire are its high-lights. The nineteenth century brought in another crest wave with a special gift to mankind; apparently it was a reaction to the rigid classicism and dry rationalism of the preceding ...
... Vibhisana, 298 Vibhutis, 390 Virgil, 197,211,375 -Ae1Ulid, 375n Virochana, 288, 376 Vishnu, 133, 277 Vwekananda, 56, 59, 154, 161, 165,396 Voltaire, 16, 50, 212 . WAGNER, sa Watson-Watt, Sir Robert, 251-2 Wave mechanics, 316 Wells, H. G., 140 Whitehead, A. N., 345-6 Wordsworth, 183, 194 ...
... age— stalwarts that either stuck to the prevailing norm and gave it a kind of stagnant nobility or already leaned towards the new light that was dawning once more. Pope and Johnson, Montesquieu and Voltaire are its high-lights. The nineteenth century brought in another crest wave with a special gift to mankind; apparently it was a reaction to the rigid classicism and dry rationalism of the preceding ...
... 220 -"Ode to Darkness", 220 Virgil, 53, 85, 93 Vishnu, 30-1, 278 Vishwamitra,162 Visva Bharati, 228 Vivekananda, 103-5, 241, 253-4, 299 -From Colombo to Almora, 103 Voltaire, 85, 286 Vyasa, 39, 58, 62, 73, 235 WARNER, REX, 192n., 194n Whitman, 150 Williams, Charles, 93n 'The Last Voyage" (A Little Book of Modern Verse), 93n Wordsworth, 68, 71, ...
... representatives are Pope and Dryden. We can go farther down and land in the domain of versification—although here, too, there can be a good amount of beauty in shape of ingenuity, cleverness and conceit: Voltaire and Delille are of this order in French poetry. Page 313 The three or four major orders I speak of in reference to conscious artistry are exampled characteristically in the history ...
... the, 133, 151, 239 -Rig Veda, 133, 160n Vedanta, 85 Victoria, Queen, 418 Virgil, 107,203,209 -Aeneid, 1O7n. 154, 178, 207, Vishnu, 58, 208 Vivekananda, 141,300 Voltaire, 99 WORDSWORTH, 119, 132, 195n. -Ode on the Intimations of Immortality, 119n. -Miscellaneous Poems, 132n. -"A slumber did my spirit seal", 132n. -"We are Seven", 195n ...
... less decorating and ambulating. There is in Bankim what is called decorum, restraint, stability and clarity, qualities of the classics; he reminds us of the French language – the French of Racine and Voltaire. In Rabindranath's nature and atmosphere we find the blossoming heart of the Romantics. That is why the manner of his expression is not so much simple arid straight as it is skillful and ornamental ...
... Song of Wisdom" and "Wisdom and the Religions" - a veritable universal congress of the world's seers, saints and savants like Asoka, Carlyle, Porphyry, Seneca, Emerson, Socrates, Plato, Heraclitus, Voltaire, Tseu-Tse, Confucius, Minamoto Sanetomo, St. Paul, St. Augustine, Epictetus, Lao-Tse, Leibnitz, Hermes, Schopenhauer, Sadi, Asvaghosha, Rumi, Spinoza, Bahaaullah, Omar Khayyam, Pythagoras, Kant, ...
... that the Vedic indications of a racial division between Aryans and Dasyus and the identification of the latter with the indigenous Indians were of a far flimsier character than I had 1. Voltaire is a notable exception; he saw in India the source of much of Europe's civilization. Page 241 supposed." This division was "a conjecture supported only by other conjectures ... A myth ...
... ancient India, 172, 220 development, 172 , 180 see also agriculture. peasantry violence, see under non-violence virtue, 171 Vishnu, 98(fn), 144 Vivekananda, Swami, 9, 24, 76 , 97 , 102, 185,219 Voltaire, 77 W Wakankar's, V. S 101 (fn) war, 81·82,123·124, 125,202,239-240 see also World War I, II waste, 198,199,215 West, 25, 88 red evening of, 157 see also Europe Western civilization ...
... Poetry: Its Music and Meaning (London: Oxford University Press, 1932), p. 35. × The "dictum" of Voltaire that the correspondent sent to Sri Aurobindo was the following: "la césure ... rompt le vers ... partout où elle coupe la phrase." ...
... influence of the thinker in the development of human institutions. The French Revolution, it is thought, would have happened just as it did and when it did, by economic necessity, even if Rousseau and Voltaire had never written and the eighteenth-century philosophic movement in the world of thought had never worked out its bold and radical speculations. Recently, however, the all-sufficiency of Matter ...
... Loyola, would have been condemned at its very inception if it had set out in the name of a saint with so shameless a guide-line. Not that their historical record is all white; far from it. Not only has Voltaire scathed them with his irony: Pascal before him scalded them in his famous Provincial Letters and even the Popes have repeatedly condemned them (1710, 1715, 1742, 1745). Their Order was dissolved ...
... The existence of God, from unquestioned, became ever more problematic and was already denied by many atheists. In his writings Lamarck still professed to be a deist – “a vague deist” – in the way Voltaire had been: recognizing the existence of God as creator, but removing him outside the works of his creation. God was “the Supreme Being” who had created nature with its laws, and who had in this way ...
... The Proud Tower Turner, Stephen (ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Weber Ulbricht, Justus: Die Rückkehr der Mystiker im Verlagsprogramm von E. Diederichs, in Mystique, mysticisme, etc. Voltaire: Philosophical Dictionary von Schnurbein, Stefanie (ed.) and Justus Ulbricht: Völkische Religion und Krisen der Moderne Vrekhem, Georges Van: Beyond Man Vrekhem, Georges Van: The Mother ...
... deception and humiliation’ during her marriage with the neurotic Peter III. There was her exceptional intelligence and her interest in the English and French philosophers of the Enlightenment, especially Voltaire and Diderot. There was her strength and daring: ‘For her, a foreign-born petty princess, with only a handful of friends, to lead a rising against her own husband, Peter the Great’s grandson – even ...
... of Reason and the intellect in Europe, even if they had had nothing to do with the formulation of the ideas of the philosophes. On the contrary, as has been mentioned, some philosophes, e.g. Voltaire and d’Alembert, were caustically anti-Semitic. But it was the Enlightenment which had prepared the French Revolution and the emancipation of the Jews, and in the Napoleonic Code they had acquired ...
... 364 what its substance—or a perfect form and memorable. Bankim seemed to me to have achieved that in his own way as Plato in his or Cicero or Tacitus in theirs or in French literature, Voltaire, Flaubert or Anatole France. I could name others, but especially in French which is the greatest store-house of fine prose among the world's languages—there is no other to match it. Matthew Arnold ...
... seriously than ever as to why I had that vision. Yes, since the time I had studied the story of the French Revolution, I was looking for the real spirit behind that Revolution. I had studied Rousseau and Voltaire; I had studied also Mirabeau, Robespierre and several other leaders of that great epoch. And then, suddenly, when I began to study Danton and his speeches, I felt that I had discovered the real centre ...
... absolute monarchy. His reign is regarded as a golden age of French literature and art. Page 13 prevent her from keeping up a lively correspondence with such illustrious friends as Voltaire, Diderot, Madame Geoffrin, and Baron Melchior von Grimm. To Grimm more than anyone else she poured out her thoughts and feelings, but she wrote to all letters ten or twenty pages long, for letter ...
... Boileau. Alexander Pope in England showed great progress along the line. We should not forget either the names of Joseph Addison and Jonathan Swift. The 18th century was indeed the age of satire. Voltaire was really a superb master in the field. Byron allied satire with sublimity in his work Vision of judgment. In the 19th century, Dickens, George Eliot and Balzac, although not satirists in ...
... standards. Not to be able to do so leads to obscurantism and fanaticism. The Inquisitors were monomaniacs, obsessed by an idée fixe. On the other hand, the wisest counsel seems to have been given by Voltaire who advised the inquirers to learn from anywhere and everywhere, even Science from the Chinese. In our Indian legends we know that Uddhava did not hesitate to accept and learn Page 78 ...
... note which has failed to Page 70 satisfy us and which we are endeavouring to transform. We know that that age was the Scientific age or the age of Reason. Its great prophets were Voltaire and the Encyclopaedists or if you mount further up in time, we may begin from Bacon and the humanists. Its motto was first, "The proper study of mankind is man" and secondly, Reason is the supreme ...
... standards. Not to be able to do so leads to obscurantism and fanaticism. The Inquisitors were monomaniacs, obsessed by an idée fixe . On the other hand, the wisest counsel seems to have been given by Voltaire who advised the inquirers to learn from anywhere and everywhere, even Science from the Chinese. In our Indian legends we know that Uddhava did not hesitate to accept and learn from more than a dozen ...
... stamp of mental clarity and neat psychological or introspective analysis in the French language has been its asset and a characteristic capacity from the time of Descartes - through Malebranche and Voltaire and the Encyclopaedists - right down to Bergson. The English are not by nature meta-physicians, in spite of the Metaphysicals: but greatness has been thrust upon them. The strain of Celtic mysticism ...
... which has failed to Page 15 satisfy us and which we are endeavouring to transform. We know that that age was the Scientific age or the age of Reason. Its great prophets were Voltaire and the Encyclopaedists or if you mount further up in time, we may begin from Bacon and the humanists. Its motto was first, "The proper study of mankind is man" and secondly, Reason is the supreme ...
... tives are Pope and Dryden. We can go farther down and land in the domain of versification – although here, too, there can be a good amount of beauty in shape of ingenuity, cleverness and conceit: Voltaire and Delille are of this order in French poetry. Page 85 The three or four major orders I speak of in reference to conscious artistry are exampled characteristically in the history of ...
... beauty —no matter what its substance —or a perfect form and memorable. Bankim seemed to me to have achieved that in his own way as Plato in his or Cicero or Tacitus in theirs or in French Literature Voltaire, Flaubert or Anatole France. I could name many more, especially in French which is the greatest store-house of fine prose among the world's languages—there is no other to match it.... All prose of ...
... discords and gnawing cares of the ordinary human life ! What a poignant and illuminating contrast the life of a Buddha or a Christ or a Ramakrishna presents to the life of a Napoleon or a Bacon, a Voltaire or a Schopenhauer ? An untroubled peace and tranquillity, a calm and comprehensive vision of the Truth and its manifold working, and a steady, silent, impersonal will fulfilling itself in the movements ...
... stamp of its creator. Even in the same field of work each great artist leaves his own stamp on his work. For example, take the Greek dramatist Sophocles, Euripides and Aeschylus or the French trio. Voltaire, Racine, Corneille —you will find the distinguishing stamp of each on his work. A soul expressing the eternal spirit of Truth and Beauty through some of the infinite variations of beauty, with ...
... the European encounter with Latin American indigenous societies, like that of the Incas, which gave Europe the idea of socialism. This is evident in the way Latin America figures in a book such as Voltaire's Candide . The impact of the discovery of India, of course, was felt as far off as in the U.S., with Emerson, Thoreau, and other members of the Boston Brahmin community. But if renaissance ...
... rare short sentences, sometimes even incoherent in the single word. eg "In the bath of men voltithaire impressionably" where voltithaire represents primarily Voltaire's Theatre (dramas) and the expressions "in the bath", "of men" "Voltaire's theatre" "impressionably", Page 365 although separate, are run together as if forming one sentence. A less confused instance runs "demain matin (one ...
... devotion to God. 106. soma-rasa: the juice of the soma plant. Soma represents the divine delight of being. 107. (Dilip's note:) I had referred in my blasphemous letter to Sri Aurobindo to Voltaire's reply to the question of the credulous farmer—whether sheep could be killed by a curse—that it could, only there should be some arsenic behind the curse. I blasphemed suggesting that the Divine ...
... the terrestrial evolution! I was seeing an ocean and suddenly they cut a little fishbowl out of it. I had not seen this fishbowl! Tell me, is Gringo truly for the Initiate? — Was Candide for Voltaire's Initiate? I don't know, I am going to try and write an explanatory introduction, but I cannot understand yet what I have to explain. Well, I will see what my pen will be able to say, perhaps tomorrow ...
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