... had advocated for its attainment was Non- Cooperation and Passive Resistance. The armed insurrection organised on a country-wide scale, which he had preached and attempted at first, fell into the background, as the country did not seem to him to be quite ready for it, and he advocated the former programme of Non-Cooperation and Passive Resistance as being effective enough for the realisation of the goal... programme for the country as the programme of the Nationalist Party, non-cooperation, passive resistance, Swadeshi, Boycott, national education, settlement of disputes in law by popular arbitration and other items of Sri Aurobindo's plan. Sri Aurobindo published in the paper a series of articles on passive resistance, another developing a political philosophy of revolution and wrote many leaders aimed... from time to time at the Sanjivani Office. Sri Aurobindo wrote a series of articles on passive resistance in the Bande Mataram from 9th to 23rd April, 1907. A few lines from these articles99 will suffice to prove how clear was his perception of the potentialities of the movement of passive resistance, and how cogent and exhaustive his treatment of it. They bear out our contention that his politics ...
... self-help, by passive resistance we can achieve it... .Passive resistance means two things. It means, first, that in certain matters we shall not co-operate with the Government of this country until it gives us what we consider our rights. Secondly, if we are persecuted, if the plough of repression is passed over us, we shall meet it not by violence, but by suffering, by passive resistance, by lawful... methods of passive resistance as "men who, out of cowardice, do not speak out the thought that is in their hearts", it became then incumbent on Sri Aurobindo to accept the challenge and enter the fray. In both his College Square and Kumartuli speeches of July 1909, Sri Aurobindo replied to Gokhale and incidentally went again into the implications of the policy of Passive Resistance advocated by... lawful means. We have not said to our young men, "When you are repressed, retaliate"; we have said, "Suffer." . ..We are showing the people of this country in passive resistance the only way in which they can satisfy their legitimate aspiration without breaking the law and without resorting to violence. 18 As for the charge of "cowardice" implied in Gokhale's Poona speech, Sri Aurobindo said ...
... institutions to the gradual extrusion and final supplanting of bureaucratic institutions that the policy of self-help and passive resistance was started. This acceptance of popular rights does not imply the abandonment of the ideal of complete autonomy or of the use of passive resistance in case of any future arbitrary interference with the rights of the people. It implies only the use of partial Swaraj... every lawful means of pressure and every source of moral strength in order to establish ourselves and disestablish that which denies the law of progress. Our methods are those of self-help and passive resistance. To unite and organise ourselves in order to show our efficiency by the way in which we can develop our industries, settle our individual disputes, keep order and peace on public occasions, attend... that is wanted to restore the courage and the confidence of the people and evolve new methods of organisation which will not come into conflict even with the repressive laws. The policy of passive resistance was evolved partly as the necessary complement of self-help, partly as a means of putting pressure on the Government. The essence of this policy is the refusal of co-operation so long as we are ...
... whose purpose was to prepare a national insurgence. In his public activity, however, he took passive resistance as the means in the struggle, but not as the sole means. In fact, as long as he was in Bengal, he maintained a secret revolutionary activity as preparation for open revolt, in case the passive resistance proved insufficient for the purpose. To get a fuller idea of Sri Aurobindo in regard... another on National Value of Art. This entire programme, along with the programme of mass awakening and settlement of disputes by recourse to non-British tribunals, included a movement of passive resistance. This entire programme had a comprehensive aim of the attainment of all-sided and integral Swaraj. III Philosophy of nationalism was often described by the Moderate leaders as a philosophy... philosophy of violence. In order to contradict this misleading contention, we must study a series of articles written by Sri Aurobindo in Bande Mataram on the doctrine of passive resistance between 11th April to 23rd April 1907. One of the main contentions of these articles was to point out that the problem that faced the country at that time was how to stave off imminent national death, how to put an ...
... especially, Jeanne d'Arc and Mazzini. In his public activity he took up non-cooperation and passive resistance as a means in the struggle for independence but not the sole means and as long as he was in Bengal he maintained a secret revolutionary activity as a preparation for open revolt, in case passive resistance proved insufficient for the purpose." 140 What Sri Aurobindo wrote on Mazzini... such an endeavour. Thirdly, there was the organisation of the people to carry on a public and united opposition and undermining the foreign rule through an increasing non-cooperation and passive resistance. 134 "At that time the military organisation of the great empires and their means of military action were not so over- whelming and apparently irresistible as they are now: the rifle... that he was a forerunner of the gospel of Ahimsa. This is quite incorrect. Sri Aurobindo is neither an impotent moralist nor a weak pacifist. "The rule of confining political action to passive resistance was adopted as the best policy for the National Movement at that stage and not as a part of a gospel of Non- violence or pacific idealism. Peace is a part of the highest ideal, but it must ...
... 1906 - 27.May.1907 Bande Mataram The Doctrine of Passive Resistance - Conclusions 23-April-1907 To sum up the conclusions at which we have arrived. The object of all our political movements and therefore the sole object with which we advocate passive resistance is Swaraj or national freedom. The latest and most venerable of the older politicians who... supplementary to the help of the very bureaucracy which it is our declared object to undermine and supplant,—self-development as supplementary to development of the nation by its foreign rulers. Passive resistance has not been accepted as a national policy, but in the form of boycott it has Page 299 been declared legitimate under circumstances which apply to all India. This is a compromise... common standing-ground of the new spirit all over India. Some may not wish to go beyond its limits, others may look outside it; but so far all are agreed. For ourselves we avow that we advocate passive resistance without wishing to make a dogma of it. In a subject nationality, to win liberty for one's country is the first duty of all, by whatever means, at whatever sacrifice; and this duty must override ...
... resisting non-violently. SRI AUROBINDO: This idea of passive resistance I have never been able to fathom. I can understand an absolute non-resistance to evil, what the Christians mean when they say, "Resist not evil." You may die without resisting and accept the consequences as sent by God. But to change the opponent's heart by passive resistance is something I don't understand. PURANI: I agree with... made it impossible for him to rule. That is what happened in Ireland. Of course, there was armed resistance also, but it would not have succeeded without passive resistance side by side. What a tremendous generaliser Gandhi is! Passive resistance, Charkha and celibacy for all! One can't be a member of the Congress without oneself spinning! I wonder how many of Gandhi's followers do it. PURANI:... Gandhi's point is that in either case you die. If you die with arms you encourage and perpetuate the killing method. SRI AUROBINDO: And if you die without arms you encourage and perpetuate passive resistance. (Laughter) It is certainly a principle which can be applied successfully if practised on a mass scale, especially by unarmed people like Indians. I understand this principle, because you ...
... 1907 Bande Mataram The Doctrine of Passive Resistance - Its Limits 20-April-1907 The three canons of the doctrine of passive resistance are in reality three necessities which must, whether we like it or not, be accepted in theory and executed in practice, if passive resistance is to have any chance of success. Passive resisters, both as individuals and... more and more of a failure. Page 293 The moment these three unavoidable obligations are put into force, the passive resistance movement will lose its character of inoffensive legality and we shall be in the thick of a struggle which may lead us anywhere. Passive resistance, when it is confined, as at present, to lawful abstention from actions which it lies within our choice as subjects to... and in the mass, must always be prepared to break an unjust coercive law and take the legal consequence; for if they shrink from this obligation, the bureaucracy can at once make passive resistance impossible simply by adding a few more enactments to their book of statutes. A resistance which can so easily be snuffed out of being is not worth making. For the same reason they must be prepared to disobey ...
... Government schools, courts of justice or magistrates' cutcherries, would put an end to administration. Such is the nature of passive resistance as preached by the Page 282 new school in India. It is at once clear that self-development and such a scheme of passive resistance are supplementary and necessary to each other. If we refuse to supply our needs from foreign sources we must obviously supply... boycott, national education to an educational boycott, a league of mutual defence to an executive boycott. From this close union of self-help with passive resistance it also follows that the new politics do not contemplate the organisation of passive resistance as a temporary measure for partial ends. It is not to be dropped as soon as the Government undertakes the protection of indigenous industries,... to taking up arms. Ultimately, in case of the persistent refusal of the administration to listen to reason, the refusal to pay taxes is the strongest and final form of passive resistance. This stronger sort of passive resistance has not been included by the new party in its immediate programme, and for valid reasons. In the first place, all the precedents for this form of resistance were accompanied ...
... s. And to change the opponent's heart by such passive resistance is something I don't understand. Disciple : And the "Modern Review" put in another objection which is worth considering. The article accepts that non-violence may be a good gospel for a great Saint but for the ordinary man to allow evil to triumph so easily – by passive resistance – would not be good for the society. There is... made it impossible for him to rule. That is what happened in Ireland. There was in Ireland armed resistance also but that would not have succeeded without the passive resistance side by side. Such tremendous generalizations like "passive resistance for all", "Charkha for all", "celibacy for all" hardly work. Page 138 ... without, you are prepared to die. Then, why not try to die without arms, since armaments are piling up in all nations and there is no end to where it will lead. In the other case you perpetuate passive-resistance while in fighting you perpetuate killing. Sri Aurobindo : If you bring in the question of expense then the reasons for non-violence, we must admit, are economic and not ethical. (After ...
... to persuade others to join in our abstention. Page 287 At the same time this legality is neither in itself an essential condition of passive resistance generally, nor can we count upon its continuance as an actual condition of passive resistance as it is to be understood and practised in India. The passive resister in other countries has always been prepared to break an unjust and oppressive... punishment which the law has provided for its violation. For passive resistance aims at making a law unworkable by general and organized disobedience and so procuring its recall; it does not try, like aggressive resistance, to destroy the law by destroying the power which made and supports the law. It is therefore the first canon of passive resistance that to break an unjust coercive law is not only justifiable... Bande Mataram under the Editorship of Sri Aurobindo 24.Oct.1906 - 27.May.1907 Bande Mataram The Doctrine of Passive Resistance - Its Obligations In the early days of the new movement it was declared, in a very catching phrase, by a politician who has now turned his back on the doctrine which made him famous, that a subject nation has no politics. And it ...
... the Editorship of Sri Aurobindo 24.Oct.1906 - 27.May.1907 Bande Mataram The Doctrine of Passive Resistance - Its Necessity 13-April-1907 We have defined, so far, the occasion and the ultimate object of the passive resistance we preach. It is the only effective means, except actual armed revolt, by which the organized strength of the nation, gathering... universal endurance and suffering. In other methods, a daring minority purchase with their blood the freedom of the millions; but for passive resistance it is necessary that all should share in the struggle and the privation. This peculiar character of passive resistance is one reason why it has found favour with the thinkers of the New party. There are certain moral qualities necessary to self-government... as such or against Page 276 some particular feature of it, has three courses open to it. It may attempt to make administration under existing conditions impossible by an organized passive resistance. This was the policy initiated by the genius of Parnell when by the plan of campaign he prevented the payment of rents in Ireland and by persistent obstruction hampered the transaction of any ...
... that policy and it is passive resistance. Passive resistance means two things. It means first that in certain matters we shall not co-operate with the Government of this country until it gives us what we consider our rights. Secondly, if we are persecuted, if the plough of repression is passed over us, we shall meet it not by violence, but by suffering, by passive resistance, by lawful means. We have... patriotism and the duty of suffering we encourage sedition. We are told that in preaching passive resistance we are encouraging the people to violate law and order and are fostering violence and rebellion. The contrary is the truth. We are showing the people of this country in passive resistance the only way in which they can satisfy their legitimate aspiration without breaking the law and without... conceded to us, we have no choice but to cleave firmly to passive resistance as the only peaceful path to the realisation of our legitimate aspirations. We cannot sacrifice our country. We cannot give up the ideal that is dear to our heart. We cannot sacrifice our Mother. If you take away our primary rights all that is left for us is passive resistance and peacefully to suffer, peacefully to refuse the parody ...
... has often been pointed out by Nationalist writers, both mendicancy and self-help plus passive resistance are new methods in history; both are therefore experiments; but while mendicancy is an isolated experiment which has been fully tried, failed thoroughly and fallen into discredit, self-help and passive resistance are methods to which modern nations are more and more turning, but they have been as... British judge, certainly not in sympathy with Indian unrest, expressly admits the possibility of peaceful passive resistance and the blamelessness of the ideal of independence. A leader of Indian Liberalism denounces that ideal as necessarily insane and criminal and the advocates of passive resistance as lunatics and hypocritical cowards, and calls for the denunciation of them as enemies of their country... ambiguous, his sympathies so divided and self-contradictory that some have not hesitated to call him a masked Extremist. He has played with Boycott, "that criminal agitation"; he has gone so far in passive resistance as to advocate refusal of the payment of taxes. Eloquent spokesman of the people in the Legislative Council, luminous and ineffective debater scattering his periods in vain in that august void ...
... At the same time, Sri Aurobindo built up a comprehensive scheme of political action known as Passive Resistance or Boycott, the most potent and fruitful contribution to the whole of India in the beginning of the twentieth century. This is what he wrote: 'The first principle of passive resistance, which the new school have placed in the forefront of their programme, is to make administration under... movement of Gandhi was found to be anticipated substantively by the movement of Passive Resistance in the early part of the century and that its foundations were firmly laid at least a decade before he came on the Indian political scene. It should be clear from the above quotation that with Sri Aurobindo passive resistance was only a tool and not a creed to be followed in all situations and circumstances... almost insane chimera. Thirdly, there was the organisation of the people to carry on a public and united opposition and undermining of the foreign rule through an increasing non-cooperation and passive resistance. Regarding the public propaganda intended to convert the whole nation to the ideal of independence, Sri Aurobindo devised a two-pronged strategy. The first was to use the columns of ...
... countered by passive resistance. Not that such a policy was dictated by weakness or cowardice, for a method of peaceful passive resistance, while it was less bold and aggressive in appearance than violent methods like guerilla warfare or armed insurrection, called "for perhaps as much heroism of a kind and certainly more universal endurance and suffering". In passive resistance, it is not a... the "doctrine of Passive Resistance" and the rest were in the nature of ancillary comments. The "New Thought" was summed up, first negatively by Satish Mukherjee: It is not the offspring of a spirit of revenge; it is not the advocating of mere measures of coercion and retaliation; it is not a mere suggestion of despair. Then followed the "Passive Resistance" series, in which... freedom of the millions"; it is the entire population that gets ready to "share in the struggle and the privation". 21 The means suggested by Sri Aurobindo for translating the idea of passive resistance into practicable and fruitful action rather anticipated the Gandhian programme of a later day. Boycott of Government schools and even "aided" schools, Page 230 boycott of the ...
... Bande Mataram under the Editorship of Sri Aurobindo 28.May-22.Dec.1907 Bande Mataram Passive Resistance in France 29-June-1907 The curious struggle in the South of France which is being waged between the vine-growing population of the South and the Government in Paris, has not yet come to a conclusion. The leaders have surrendered, but their following... exasperated by the neglect into something like rebellion. This is all that from this distance one can understand. The interest of the outbreak for us lies in the fact that it began with a huge passive resistance movement very much on the lines we have advocated in India, the object being to paralyze the Government and the chief weapon the voluntary resignation of the Municipalities which are indispensable... a fair chance was not given to the experiment which should have been one of the most interesting in human history. With the arrival of the Military the movement passed into a queer amalgam of passive resistance, military mutiny and popular revolt; the leaders took fright, surrendered or bolted to Paris, wept at the feet of ministers and returned to advise their followers to weep and surrender along ...
... Awakened India was unlikely to tolerate the induced coma of Moderatism. The national will, if it could not find self-expression through healthy and virile Nationalism employing the technique of Passive Resistance to the evil of alien rule, must unavoidably find an outlet through violent and terrorist resistance. As he explained the distinction in the article of February 5, 1910, on The Party of Revolution... people. The simmering discontent and resentment must break out, sooner or later, in forms of terrorist activity - unless the Nationalists were able to provide an alternative in the shape of open passive resistance within the four comers of the law. But there might be no need even for this, if only the Government would in time see the wisdom of scrapping the phoney reforms and ushering in something much... executive government out of the hands of the bureaucracy into those of the people. Until these demands are granted, we shall use the pressure of that refusal of co-operation which is termed passive resistance. Actually, from the extreme Nationalist point of view, this could be read as a concession, for all it asked for was a kind of "dyarchy" with a measure of genuine self-control, and with ...
... programme for the country as the programme of the Nationalist Party, non-cooperation, passive resistance, Swadeshi, Boycott, national education, settlement of disputes in law by popular arbitration and other items of Sri Aurobindo's plan. Sri Aurobindo published in the paper a series of articles on passive resistance, another developing a political philosophy of revolution and wrote many leaders aimed... of such an endeavour. Thirdly, there was the organisation of the people to carry on a public and united opposition and undermining of the foreign rule through an increasing noncooperation and passive resistance. At that time the military organisation of the great empires and their means of military action were not so overwhelming and apparently irresistible as they now are: the rifle was still the... suggested that he was a forerunner of the gospel of Ahimsa. This is quite incorrect. Sri Aurobindo is neither an impotent moralist nor a weak pacifist. The rule of confining political action to passive resistance was adopted as the best policy for the National Movement at that stage and not as a part of a gospel of Non-violence or pacific idealism. Peace is a part of the highest ideal, but it must be ...
... Bipin Chandra Pal, Sri Aurobindo wrote: I was the writer of the series of articles on "Passive Resistance" published in April 1907 to which reference has been made. . . . I planned several series of this kind for the Bande Mataram and at least three were published of which "Passive Resistance" was one. Another of these series apparently was "Shall India Be Free?", which also... 29.07.07 07.08.07 Omissions and Commissions at Behrampur The Writing on the Wall The Doctrine of Passive Resistance (seven articles) By the Way By the Way Rishi Bankim Chandra By the Way A Mouse in a Flutter The Gospel... and the Man of the Future", is not among those listed by Sri Aurobindo. The editors nevertheless consider this article to be Sri Aurobindo's on the basis of internal evidence.) The Doctrine of Passive Resistance. This seven-part series of articles Page 1170 was published in the Bande Mataram on the following dates: 1) 11 April 1907 ; 2) 12 April 1907 ; 3) 13 April 1907 ; ...
... programme for the country as the programme of the Nationalist party, non-cooperation, passive resistance, Swadeshi, Boycott, national education, settlement of disputes in law by popular arbitration and other items of Sri Aurobindo’s plan. Sri Aurobindo published in the paper a series of articles on passive resistance, another developing a political philosophy of revolution and wrote many leaders aimed... of such an endeavour. Thirdly, there was the organization of the people to carry on a public and united opposition and undermining of the foreign rule trough an increasing non-cooperation and passive resistance. At that time the military organisation of the great empires and their means of military action were not so overwhelming and apparently irresistible as they now are: the rifle was still the... suggested that he was a forerunner of the gospel of Ahimsa. This is quite incorrect. Sri Aurobindo is neither an impotent moralist nor a weak pacifist. The rule of confining political action to passive resistance was adopted as the best policy for the National Movement at that stage and not as a part of a gospel of Non-violence or pacific idealism. Peace is a part of the highest ideal, but it must be ...
... situation as Sri Aurobindo saw it, he took steps to prepare the way for an armed insurrection also, if all else should fail. If possible, through constitutional means with or without passive resistance; but passive resistance too failing, armed revolution was inevitable - such was the inexorable logic behind Sri Aurobindo's two-pronged long-term plan of campaign against the alien bureaucracy. Hence Sri... disarmed nation, and emasculated people - they had no resources, no will-power even! For a Demand pitched so high, what were the sanctions the Nationalists had in mind? Sri Aurobindo's answer was "Passive Resistance". Defy the law openly when necessary, and accept the consequences! This was the dress-rehearsal for the Gandhian non-cooperation, * Among the Bengali revolutionaries of the time was Mujibur... twenties, thirties and forties. But although Sri Aurobindo hoped that in India, And with an adversary like the British bureaucracy (a milder brand compared to the German or Russian), passive Resistance itself - if organised intensively and on a national scale - might be able to win the freedoms struggle, still he couldn't be quite sure on that point, because the history of nations that had ...
... experience to be futile and cannot return to it without acknowledging defeat and enslaving India for ever to the bureaucracy. Passive resistance has become our chosen weapon and this it is sought to strike out of our hands. We must, therefore, either oppose an organised passive resistance to this Ordinance, a resistance in which leaders like Srijut Surendranath must court imprisonment and deportation, or we... amount of enthusiasm and courage which we have ceased to expect from the men who lead us. Surely, however, they might at least have definitely assured the public that they would offer a firm passive resistance to the provisions of the Circular and leave the Government, if it dared, to inflict the penalty of disaffiliation with or without the consent of the Senate. Even this was not done. "We protest ...
... secretly cherished ideal of every Indian, and to that end to organise peaceful opposition and progress within the law. If the Government can retrace their steps and remove the ban from lawful passive resistance and self-help and the Nationalist party, while holding its ultimate political aim, will define its immediate objective within limits which a Radical Government can hereafter consider, we believe... are two crying grievances which have done more than anything else to embitter popular feeling against the authorities and in both cases the populations most directly affected have resorted to passive resistance as the only remedy open to them. The first is the gross and systematic oppression now being practised on the Indians in the Transvaal, the other the repression of national aspirations towards... Partition and Deportation. Nothing can be more inconsistent than the attitude taken by the Moderate Convention towards these two questions. They have telegraphed their sympathy with the heroic passive resistance of the Transvaal Indians; they have shown their sympathy with Bengal by boycotting our boycott. Eighteen thousand rupees were promised for the Transvaal Indians in the one scene of enthusiasm ...
... man who had the fighting spirit became the Kshatriya and then the fighting spirit was raised above the ordinary vital influence. The attempt was to spiritualize it. It succeeded in doing what passive resistance cannot and will not achieve. The Kshatriya was the man who would not allow any oppression, who would fight it out and he was the man who would not oppress anybody. That was the ideal____ ... lose their fanatic faith in their religion____ The Mahomedan religion was born under such circumstances that the followers never forgot the origin. That was the result of the passive resistance which they practised. They went on suffering till they got strong enough and, when they got power, they began to persecute others with a vengeance.... Gandhi's position is that he does... position. It is a kind of violence on them. But as soon as they found the situation normal they reverted to their old ideas. The same thing happened in South Africa. He got some concessions there by passive resistance and when he came back to India it became worse than before. September 12, 1923 The Mahomedan or Islamic culture hardly gave anything to the world which may be said to be of fundamental ...
... editor of the paper and before the end of 1906 assumed full control of its policy. He wrote many of its editorials and leading articles, and also some planned series including The Doctrine of Passive Resistance. It ceased publication in October 1908, six months after Sri Aurobindo was imprisoned in the Alipore Bomb Case. A weekly edition of Bande Mataram was published from June 1907 to September... Swami Dayanand Saraswat i ( See 87) and later included in Bankim — Tilak — Dayananda ( See 7). SABCL: The Hour of God, Vol. 17 17 . THE DOCTRINE OF PASSIVE RESISTANCE Arya Publishing House, Calcutta, 1948 A series of articles from the daily Bande Mataram , April 11 to 23, 1907, and an article "The Morality of Boycott" written for... BIRTH CENTENARY LIBRARY Volume 1 Bande Mataram , EARLY POLITICAL WRITINGS — I (1893-1908): New Lamps for Old ; Bhawani Mandir; The Doctrine of Passive Resistance; editorials and comments from the Bande Mataram; Speeches. Volume 2 Karmayogin, EARLY POLITICAL WRITINGS — II (1909-1910): Uttarpara Speech,-'The Ideal ...
... Tilak!" From 27 January 1907 to early April 1907 Sri Aurobindo was at Deoghar. From 12 to 23 April he published a series of articles on passive resistance in the Bande Mataram. One can see in it clearly the distinction between non-violence and passive resistance. On 24 July 1907 Bhupendranath Dutt, a brother of Vivekananda, was sentenced for seditious material that appeared in Yugantar. He wanted... showering upon us, not to destroy but to re-create. Without suffering there can be no growth."² The Bande Mataram put before the nation the programme of Boycott, Swadeshi, National Education, and Passive Resistance with the ideal of forming parallel government. On 13 October the Bande Mataram became a joint stock company in accordance with Sri Aurobindo's suggestion. A board of directors was appointed ...
... it by becoming stronger than he, or by a combination that is stronger than he, or you change his heart, as Gandhiji says, by passive resistance or Satyagraha. And even there Gandhiji has been forced to admit that none of his followers knows the science of passive resistance. In fact, he says, he is the only person who knows all about Satyagraha. It is not very promising for Satyagraha, considering... that gave an opening. I believe many of the Christian martyrs did not suffer in the genuine Christian spirit. Most of them were full of the spirit of revenge. So, in the beginning there was passive resistance but when Christianity came to power it turned oppressive. Thus, by accepting Christianity the lower forces occupied the place of genuine spiritual force of Christ. They had thought, "Let ...
... ancient maxim that truth meant only whatever was for the good of others. Unfortunately the judge would not take that large view of the matter. And so our friend was silently suffering. ( A voice: "Passive resistance." Laughter ) His friend said that he had heard that Sj. Aurobindo Ghose had promised to devote himself to literature and religion, and it was strange that Mr. Ghose should go to Jhalakati and... they were least expected—one who had served and made sacrifices for the country. He said that those who spread the gospel of Swaraj were madmen outside the lunatic asylum and those who preached passive resistance as a means of gaining Swaraj were liars who did not speak out their real thoughts to save their skin; he invited the country to denounce them as enemies of the country and of its progress and... justified all that the Government had done by saying that the only attitude the Government could take was stern and heartless repression. Well, if it were true that only fear made them take to passive resistance, if they flinched now from the boycott because some had been deported, if they ceased to proclaim the ideal of Swaraj, if they ceased to preach the boycott, then only it would be true that they ...
... the other fellow wants to fight? You can prevent it only by becoming stronger than he or (smiling) , as Gandhi says, by changing his heart by passive resistance. And even there Gandhi has been forced to admit that none has understood his passive resistance except himself. It is not very promising for Satyagraha; in fact, it is a condemnation of it, considering that it is intended to be a general solution... Talks with Sri Aurobindo 18 JANUARY 1939 Nirodbaran read out to Sri Aurobindo some passages from Aldous Huxley's Ends and Means. They were on war, passive resistance, non-attachment, the Jacobins, Caesar, Napoleon and dictators in general. The last was: "More books have been written about Napoleon than about any other human being. The fact is deeply and ... cause had a spirit of revenge—the feeling that if they got a chance they would take revenge for what they were made to suffer. And the Christians did take revenge when they got the power. So the passive resistance of Christianity became in the end a movement of persecution. It is the vital mixture—the mixture of the life-forces—that comes in and corrupts the whole spiritual movement. Even Lenin had ...
... samskāras [imprints] and wrong emotions and mental and moral habits rose with it and misused the divine force. Hence all that orgy of political oratory, democratic fervour, meetings, processions, passive resistance, all ending in bombs, revolvers and Coercion laws God has struck it all down,—Moderate- ism, the bastard child of English Liberalism; Nationalism, the mixed progeny of Europe and Asia; Terrorism... later attempted to create a commune based on Sri Aurobindo's ideals.) Gandhi's loyalism* is not a pattern for India which is not South Africa, and even Gandhi's loyalism is corrected by passive resistance. An abject tone of servility in politics is not "diplomacy" and is not good politics. It does not deceive or disarm the opponent; it does encourage nerveless ness, fear and a cringing cunning... instance—but they can't get hold of the right way. What is Gandhi doing? Making a hodgepodge called satyāgraha out of ahimsā paramo dharmah [non-violence is the highest law], Jainism, hartal, passive resistance, etc.; bringing a sort of Indianised Tolstoyism into the country. The result—if there is any lasting result—will be a sort of Indianised Bolshevism. I have no objection to his work; let each ...
... Bande Mataram under the Editorship of Sri Aurobindo 24.Oct.1906 - 27.May.1907 Bande Mataram Passive Resistance in the Punjab 23-April-1907 We are glad to find that Passive Resistance is being boldly carried into effect in the Punjab. The recent demonstrations at Lahore which followed the Punjabee conviction have evidently come as a shock upon the... be arrested." The only result was that Sirdar Ajit Singh addressed a meeting of 15,000 men in defiance of this ukase and the police stood helplessly by. We pointed out in our last article on Passive Resistance that Government by ukase would always be one of the methods the Government must instinctively resort to in order to snuff out our resistance and that it was the imperative duty of every patriot ...
... Sri Aurobindo with Speeches Delivered during the Same Period 6.Feb-3.May.1908 Bande Mataram The Tuticorin Victory 13-March-1908 The success of passive resistance at Tuticorin ought to be an encouragement to those who have begun to distrust the power of the new weapon which is so eminently suited to the Asiatic temperament. When the Boycott was declared... the circle of the leaders themselves a division arose between those who believed in Swaraj pure and unadulterated and those whom policy or caution dissuaded from so mighty an aspiration. For passive resistance to succeed unity, perseverance and thoroughness are the first requisites. Because this unity, perseverance and thoroughness existed in Tuticorin, the great battle fought over the Coral Mill has... livelihood, a bond has been created between the educated class and the masses which is the first great step towards Swaraj. There has been only one other instance of a victory as complete for passive resistance against the might of a great Government. We refer to the struggle in the Transvaal which was carried on with equal unity, perseverance and thoroughness to a success less absolutely unconditional ...
... were three sides to Sri Aurobindo's politics: planning and spreading secret revolutionary action; establishing the idea of complete independence, and creating a movement for non-cooperation and passive resistance so as to paralyse the Government. Sri Aurobindo was waiting for an opportunity to leave Baroda for good. During his visits to Bengal in 1905 and 1906 he saw that the situation there had undergone... bestir itself immediately, if it is not to perish as a nation.' Thirdly, and with the object of involving the people in the struggle for freedom, Sri Aurobindo wrote a series of articles on passive resistance, a strategy developed by him which combined all the elements of the struggle such as Boycott, Swadeshi, National Education, etc. He wrote: '...our policy is self-development and defensive resistance... the alien to do it for us.... Our defensive resistance must be mainly passive in the beginning, although with a perpetual readiness to supplement it with active resistance whenever compelled...passive resistance may be the final method of salvation in our case or it may be only the preparation for the final sadhana.' Many of these ideas and programmes were later incorporated in Mahatma Gandhi's non- ...
... goods, of passive resistance or non-violence were all part of our programme. Gandhi's most famous weapon - a revolt based on non-violent non-cooperation - was already practised by us. When I began to write in the Bande Mataram, I set down my plan of action very clearly in that paper: "Our aim was Swaraj, self-rule, Freedom. "Our means would be: non-cooperation, passive resistance, national... freedom, and shaken the foundation of British imperialism in the country. In schools Page 125 and colleges, we started boycott - a word which we were the first to use in India - and passive resistance, as well as nonacceptance of British justice and of British goods. In short, it was, in Gandhi's words, 'non-violent non-cooperation'. Simultaneously, in the Yugantar were published articles ...
... it. Passive resistance also is resorted to because one is convinced of the Truth – Satya – of one's side. Disciple : Mahatmaji's definition differs : according to him Satyagraha is not merely a political weapon; and secondly, it conveys the idea of Truth with non-violence as its necessary corollary. Page 29 Sri Aurobindo : But passive resistance can be... be done in all the fields of life; he himself did it. Perhaps "passive-resistance" is a plain and unpretentious expression while "Satyagraha" is high-sounding. It conveys to others the idea that what one stands for is the Truth. Some may find an air of moral superiority in it. Disciple : But about the spinning clause I know that even in the heyday of non-cooperation no one span. There ...
... man who had the fighting spirit became the Kshatriya and then the fighting spirit was raised above the ordinary vital influence. The attempt was to spiritualise it. It succeeded in doing what passive resistance cannot and will not achieve. The Kshatriya was the man who would not allow any oppression, who would fight it out and he was the man who would not oppress anybody. That was the ideal. Disciple... began to persecute also. Disciple : The Madan religion was born under such circumstances that the followers never forgot the origin. Sri Aurobindo : That was the result of the passive-resistance which they practised. They went on suffering till they got strong enough and, when they got power, they began to persecute others with a vengeance. The Roman government persecuted the Christians... position. It is a kind of violence on them. But as soon as they found the situation normal they reverted to their old ideas. The same thing happened in South Africa. He got some concessions there by passive resistance and when he came back to India it became worse than before. Disciple : He always calls it soul-force. Sri Aurobindo : Really speaking it is a kind of moral force or, if you like ...
... innumerable wails and entreaties from press and platform; but that could not help us, insult and ridicule were our only gain. Then we tried every lawful means of concrete protest, every kind of passive resistance within the law to show that we were in earnest. Result,—nil. But in Punjab they petitioned and protested only for a few weeks and then—went for Europeans, their persons, their property and everything... them to? No one in his senses, or out of them, either, ever dreamed of calling upon any Englishman to support the Extremist policy. We note with interest that the Mirror considers Boycott, Passive Resistance, National Education, Arbitration and physical training to be "violent" methods. On the other hand we find Srijut Narendra Nath Sen's signature affixed to the recently issued statement in which ...
... straightforward, the most masculine and the most aggressive form of passive resistance of which the occasion allows. We hold that in order to rise the nation must get into the habit of offering challenges rather than receiving them and when it is behind, it must take the swiftest and most direct form of demonstration open to it. Passive resistance can be carried on in an inert and passive spirit of mechanical ...
... this Partition was not Page 851 acceptable to us. We adopted a universal boycott, which showed our disapproval of the Partition. It is known throughout India that our boycott means passive resistance. If the boycott was with regard to English goods only, then why have honourable and spirited Bengali gentlemen resigned their seats in the Councils? Were the boycott in Bengal confined to goods... We did not like Mr. Gokhale's intention of giving a commercial appearance to our boycott. We fought zealously in order to secure sincere sympathy and suffered prosecutions, and this mode of passive resistance received support from the National Congress last year. By taking away that support, Mr. Gokhale rendered the resolution ineffectual; yet in the face of this open attempt, he says that the changes ...
... Bande Mataram under the Editorship of Sri Aurobindo 24.Oct.1906 - 27.May.1907 Bande Mataram The Doctrine of Passive Resistance - Its Object 12-April-1907 Organized resistance to an existing form of government may be undertaken either for the vindication of national liberty, or in order to substitute one form of government for another, or to remove ... mighty weapon. But the popular instinct was true to itself and would have none of it. At a bound we passed therefore from mere particular grievances, however serious and intolerable, to the use of passive resistance as a means of cure for the basest and evilest feature of the present system,—the bleeding to death of a country by foreign exploitation. And from that stage we are steadily advancing, under the ...
... of passive resistance. The old party is agreed upon nothing except the sacred right of petitioning. Sir Pherozshah Mehta and the Bombay Moderates would confine our politics within those holy limits. Pundit Madan Mohan and the United Provinces Moderates are willing to add a moderate and inoffensive spice of self-help, Babu Surendranath and the Bengal Moderates will even admit passive resistance within ...
... asked, what farther room is there for passive resistance? A Punjab politician is said to have observed, after the arrests of Lala Hansraj and his friends and the first development of violent insanity in the Punjab authorities, "I do not see why the people should go on any longer with open agitation." But, in our opinion, there is still room for passive resistance, if for nothing else than to force the ...
... circumstances we ought to put forward the interests of the country partly by a movement of self-help and so far as we have power to deal with the Government by means of passive resistance, peaceably and within the law. And this passive resistance we do not wish to confine merely to commercial boycott. We hold that it can and should be extended to other kinds of boycott. (" Hear, hear ") We don't hold that ...
... rtible logic of events it has appeared that the success and vigour of the great movement inaugurated in 1905 was due to the union of Moderate and Nationalist on the platform of self-help and passive resistance. It was in order to provide an opportunity for the reestablishment of this union, broken at Surat, that the Nationalists gathered in force at Hughly in order to secure some basis and means of... of executive government out of the hands of the bureaucracy into those of the people. Until these demands are granted, we shall use the pressure of that refusal of co-operation which is termed passive resistance. We shall exercise that pressure within the limits allowed us by the law, but apart from that limitation the extent to which we shall use it, depends on expediency and the amount of resistance ...
... to its pride and vanity; it does not like the process of purification and it may very well declare Satyagraha against it, refuse to cooperate, justify its own demands and inclinations, offer passive resistance of many kinds, withdraw the vital support which is necessary both to the life and the sadhana and try to withdraw the being from the path of spiritual endeavour. All this has to be faced and... always best to take one's foundation on that certitude and remain quiet and steadfast with it in mind even Page 694 when one cannot react actively against the difficulty. For the quiet passive resistance will make it pass sooner,—even if one is disturbed and anxious. Even when one cannot call in actively the Mother's Force, one must keep the reliance that it will come. Do not let the ...
... especially Jeanne d'Arc and Mazzini. In his public activity he took up non-cooperation and passive resistance as a means in the struggle for independence but not the sole means and so long as he was in Bengal he maintained a secret revolutionary activity as a preparation for open revolt, in case passive resistance proved insufficient for the purpose. Page 71 ...
... articles on the "Passive Resistance" published in April 1907 to which reference has been made; Bipin Pal had nothing to do with it. He ceased his connection with the paper towards the end of 1906 and from that time onward was not writing any editorials or articles for it. I planned several series of this kind for the Bande Mataram and at least three were published of which "Passive Resistance" was one. ...
... Movement and the Congress. Two reasons may be adduced for this. One was that the United Front she had cobbled of the Moderates and the Extremists was basically unstable and, secondly, she opposed Passive Resistance, which then had become the chief plank of the Congress. Her inconstancy and the lack of a definite programme finally made the Congress reject her leadership. Tilak too had by this time virtually... theosophical movement of Besant and in Bengal the leadership of C. R. Das was too powerful to make a dent. Probably what led to the failure of the movement was the ambivalence in its accepting passive resistance, which then was the only available plan of action. Its failure prepared the ground for the taking over of the Congress by Gandhi. 1 Page 88 HOME ...
... separate the sadhak from his soul. Today for the first time inertia invaded the body. That means the whole being is now affected by it. There seems to be some possibility of the passive resistance becoming active. Is the subconscient also involved in this trouble? I have explained to you already that the being (outer mind, vital etc.) is still capable of responding to the... the suggestions that rise from the subconscient. If it were not so the suggestions would be felt as perfectly foreign to you and there would be no question of any possibility of the passive resistance becoming active. Mere passivity does not seem likely to succeed, it could only do so if it brought the Force down, but the passivity is too tamasic to do that. The difficulty ...
... education, arbitration, etc.—and passive resistance to evil in any of its forms. He did not, of course, make a fetish of the word 'passive'; as K.R. Srinivasa Iyengar points out. "Sri Aurobindo did hot rule out violence in all circumstances, but it appeared to him that the bureaucracy, not being of the ruthless Russian kind, could be effectively countered by passive resistance."" In many respects-—though ...
... XII Miscellaneous The talk turned to the Andamans and the punishment of prisoners and jail-discipline. 6-10-1925 Sri Aurobindo : Was passive resistance by X effective in the Andamans ? Disciple : We were the first to resort to it and it had some effect because, I think, it was new there. Then batch after batch tried it but without much... Aurobindo : What were the demands ? Disciple : The status of political prisoners, better food, ventilation, clothing. Sri Aurobindo : That is the difficulty. This kind of passive resistance fails to bring pressure upon the other party after some time. At the most it may make your opponent morally uncomfortable, – that too if he has a certain kind of temperament. Disciple : ...
... about the visit of Devdas-Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi's son, to Pondicherry. 17 June. Talk on passive resistance. Letter from Suren, a sadhaka from Chittagong, asking permission to come to Pondicherry after selling all his lands. 19 June. Talk on the difference between Satyagraha and passive resistance. 22 June. Talk on the success of khadi and on art. 2 July. Talk on Daridra-Narayan and ...
... inferential errors and errors based on wrong sources. 4. In the last issue of the Udbodhan, recently printed, Girija has committed a great error when he states that the series of articles on passive resistance in the Bande Mataram were written by Bepin Pal! We know on unimpeachable authority that it was written entirely by Sri Aurobindo. Detailed examination of Udbodhan: 1. In the... Aurobindo was not consistent. This is not true. First of all, Bande Mataram was not a mouthpiece of the revolutionary party. It was a political paper with a programme of national reconstruction, passive resistance and self-reliance. It could not be expected to act like a revolutionary paper. For a paper like the Yugantar , avowedly revolutionary, it would have been most inconsistent to offer defence ...
... gathered together to dedicate their lives to the great sacrifice for national emancipation. Sudhir Kumar was one of them. Speaking of this sacrifice Sri Aurobindo writes in The Doctrine of Passive Resistance (1907), “Liberty is the fruit we seek from the sacrifice, and the Motherland, the goddess to whom we offer it; into the seven leaping tongues of the fire of the yajna we must offer all that... him; it seemed that he would if he could sacrifice the remaining years of his life to fight back the aggressors and protect his beloved Motherland. Brahmatejas , of which one expression is Passive Resistance, is a great power, but, says Sri Aurobindo, when the demons are fierce and determined, the bow of the Kshatriya has to be called in; “without Kshatriya strength at its back, all political struggle ...
... converting the Congress to the new programme of Swaraj-Swadeshi-Boycott: and, finally, the nation-wide mobilisation of the people's idealisms and energies through a movement of non-cooperation and passive resistance on the issue of immediate national independence - these were the three levels of Sri Aurobindo's political thinking and activity, at first distinct enough from one another, but really meant to... Indian revolutionaries. In effect, perhaps, Sri Aurobindo's movement was more like the Irish Sinn Fein, but had actually preceded it. While in public Sri Aurobindo advocated non-cooperation and passive resistance as the means to Swaraj, and no doubt hoped that things might turn out that way, he also shrewdly kept in reserve the weapon of secret revolutionary activity to be brought into the open and used ...
... maintain the struggle and their policy of non-cooperation and passive resistance. He relied not upon this but upon an intuitive perception that the Government would not think it politic or useful to deport him if he left a programme which others could carry out in his absence. Also the considerations about Home Rule and complete passive resistance had no connection with the first letter, because they did ...
... colleges and the creation of a network of National colleges and schools, the formation of societies of young men which would do the work of police and defence and, wherever necessary, a policy of passive resistance were among the immediate items of the programme. Sri Aurobindo hoped to capture the Congress and make it the directing centre of an organised national action, an informal State within the State... sufficiently trained to carry out his policy and programme. For a time he thought that the necessary training must first be given through a less advanced Home Rule movement or an agitation of passive resistance of the kind created by Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa. But he saw that the hour of these movements had not come and that he himself was not their destined leader. Moreover, since his twelve months' ...
... 1910 [The "Swadeshi" movement prepared from 1902-5 and started definitely by Sri Aurobindo, Tilak, Lajpatrai and others in 1905. A movement for Indian independence, by non-cooperation and passive resistance and the organisation (under a national Council or Executive, but this did not materialise,) of arbitration, national education, economic independence, (especially handloom industry including... institutions, offices, honours etc. Mahatma Gandhi's noncooperation movement was a repetition of the "Swadeshi", but with an exclusive emphasis on the spinning-wheel and the transformation of passive resistance, ("Satyagraha") from a political means into a moral and religious dogma of soul-force and conquest by suffering. The running of the daily paper, "Bande Mataram", was only one of Sri Aurobindo's ...
... like that when efforts are being made to make non-violence the method of solving all problems____ This non-violent resistance I have never been able to fathom To change the opponent's heart by passive resistance is something I don't understand.... I am afraid Gandhi has been trying to apply to ordinary life what belongs to spirituality. Non-violence or ahimsa as a spiritual attitude and its practice... choice. But even when it succeeds it is not that you have changed the heart of the enemy, but that you have made it impossible for him to rule.... What a tremendous generalize Gandhi is! Passive resistance, charkha and celibacy for all! One can't be a member of the Congress without oneself spinning! January 18, 1939 There is a spiritual solution which I propose; but it aims at changing ...
... could not altogether shake off its influence. Only recently Srijut Bipin Chandra Pal at Rajamundry told his hearers that those who thought the British Government would crush us if we tried by passive resistance to make administration impossible, held too low an opinion of British character and British civilisation. We fancy Srijut Bipin Chandra watching from the south the welter of official anarchy... their grievances to the Government and passively abstaining from the use of the Canal water so that the bureaucracy might not benefit by an iniquitous tax. The rulers of India know well that if passive resistance is permitted, the artificial fabric of bureaucratic despotism will fall down like the walls of Jericho before mere sound, with the mere breath of a people's revolution. To save the situation ...
... true in this sense that the supreme example of the moral and spiritual strength which must be behind the formation of the new nation, has been shown first not in India but in South Africa. The passive resistance which we had not the courage and unselfishness to carry out in India, they have carried to the utmost in the Transvaal under far more arduous circumstances, with far less right to hope for success... termination because the return of ruined Indians from the Transvaal will bring home a mass of bitterness, burning sense of wrong and standing discontent trained in the most strenuous methods of passive resistance. And many of them are Mahomedans. The one favourable factor in favour of the Transvaal Indians is their own spiritual force and the chance of its altering the conditions by sheer moral weight ...
... gloom and menace, can be measured by the rapidity with which this party has developed. It is only five years since the national movement sprang into being. The cry was then for self-help and passive resistance. Boycott, Swadeshi, Arbitration, National Education, were the hope of the future, the means of self-regeneration. In five years everything has been struck to the earth. Boycott has almost disappeared... expenditure of energy has produced such surprising results? When the Yugantar , abandoning its habit of philosophic Revolutionism, first began to enter the field of practical politics, to sneer at passive resistance and gird at its chief exponents, no one thought that its change of attitude portended anything serious. Men read the paper for the amazing brilliance, grace and sustained force of its style, ...
... India" of our friends or Mr. Morley's wonderful reconciliation of a free Press and Platform with an autocratic government. If one party has petitioning for its method and another rejects it for passive resistance, how can there be unity of action? Or if one party insists on association with and opposition to the bureaucracy (another twy-natured and self-contradictory figment from dreamland) and the other... end with the thoroughness and audacity which true Nationalism requires. The Moderates have given up for the present the policy of mendicancy, they have given their adherence to the programme of passive resistance though only in part. So far therefore as the methods of the two parties agree, united action is possible, though difference of fundamental ideas and difference of spirit make it impossible for ...
... by desire. If that is not allowed, it regards existence as a desert and puts that impression on the mind. It is the resistance of the vital that takes the form of this dryness—a form of passive resistance, just as revolt or an excited activity of desire is its active form of resistance. But you should not be discouraged—these phases are normal and almost everybody has to face them. It is not really... or inertia coming down on the system. It is sometimes like that when the vital gets dissatisfied with the conditions or with what has been attained and initiates a sort of non-cooperation or passive resistance, saying, "As I am not satisfied, I won't take interest in anything or help you to do anything." It may be because I asked you to stop meditating and to wait. The vital does not like waiting ...
... will shine like an angel of loyalty in the eyes of Anglo-India? Yes, the bureaucrats and their underlings are doing much to break down the creed of passive resistance which we have promulgated and to prove our policy impossible. But will passive resistance be replaced by quiescence? If so, we have much misread history. The immediate future looks dark and gloomy, a chaos the end of which no man can foresee ...
... interests. We preach passive resistance in Bengal. Whatever obstacles are thrown in your Page 843 way, whatever sufferings are inflicted on you, remove those obstacles, bear those sufferings, bear the affliction and go on with your movement, go on with your activities with all your energy. You young men must live for nationalism. In order to preach passive resistance let nothing stop you ...
... negotiations between the Nationalists and the Moderates, strongly opposed the Morley-Minto Reforms which the Moderates were in favour of accepting and ended the letter by advocating a renewal of the passive resistance movement with a readiness to defy the Government if they resorted to ruthless repression. Again, it was a masterly example of political polemics. At this time we have the remarkable instance... as a political or geographical entity, but as the very body of the Divine Mother — this was the key to the inspiration he provided. Lastly, Sri Aurobindo developed the theory and practice of Passive Resistance as a means of giving a direction to the political struggle with the aim of achieving freedom. These ideas and programmes were imperfectly understood at that time but they influenced (sometimes ...
... people's minds in a state of constant rebellion – at the turn of the century Sri Aurobindo was certainly one of the first, with another of India's great heroes, Tilak, to speak of total liberation, passive resistance, and noncooperation (Gandhi would not come on the Indian political scene until fifteen years later); to transform the Indian Congress party and its timid demands into an extremist movement ... System of National Education, 'Karmayogin' 1910.- 1st ed. 1921 The National Value of Art, 'Karmayogin' 1909.- 1st ed. 1922 The Speeches, 1908-1909.- 1st ed. 1922 The Doctrine of Passive Resistance, 1907.- 1st ed. 1948 Bankim-Tilak-Dayananda, 1907-1916-1918.- 1st ed. 1940 The Brain of India, 'Karmayogin' 1909 .- 1st ed. 1921 Tales of Prison Life (translated from Bengali) ...
... Bande Mataram agitation. It was the beginning of the Gandhi Age - what .C. R. Reddy called the modem Heroic Age - in Indian politics. Gandhiji had already tested the instruments of passive resistance and satyāgraha during the struggles against the racist regime in South Africa that would not permit the Indian community of traders and labourers to live in self-respect in their adopted land... Congress of December 1919 (under Motilal Nehru's presidentship) had "set the seal" upon Sri Aurobindo's revolutionary ideology of "a settled will for freedom" and his programme of self-help, passive resistance and political and economic boycott as outlined in his "Open Letter" of July 1909. The leadership of the Congress was in tried hands, and Sri Aurobindo thought that if the country maintained its ...
... national self-consciousness and the national will and the readiness to sacrifice which would fix them in the daily mind and daily life of the people. In Boycott, which was only a popular name for passive resistance, he saw the means to give to the struggle between the two ideas in conflict, bureaucratic control Page 653 and national control, a vigorous shape and body and to the popular side ...
... hitherto successful. Tighten the grip of the Boycott, let both parties unite to give a new impetus to the Swadeshi; paralyse the two-headed administration of Bengal by every legitimate means of passive resistance—and the Partition will inevitably be rescinded or modified. Page 164 ...
... Bande Mataram under the Editorship of Sri Aurobindo 24.Oct.1906 - 27.May.1907 Bande Mataram The Doctrine of Passive Resistance - Introduction 11-April-1907 In a series of articles, published in this paper soon after the Calcutta session of the Congress, we sought to indicate our view both of the ideal which the Congress had adopted, the ideal ...
... Calcutta. At that session the policy of self-development and self-help was incorporated as an integral part of the political programme by the representatives of the whole nation, the policy of passive resistance was declared legitimate under circumstances which cover the whole of India, and it was decided that a constitution or working organisation should be created for the promotion throughout the year ...
... display of the irresistible power of Britain. It is an emphatic warning from Mr. Morley and Lord Minto that they will not suffer the Indian to aspire to freedom or to work by peaceful self-help and passive resistance for national autonomy. In this grave crisis of our destinies let not our people lose their fortitude or suffer stupefaction and depression to seize upon and unnerve their souls. The fight ...
... supremacy of the white man has to be maintained, as it was gained, at the cost of all principles and all morality. Ireland also was sui generis once, until by moonlighting, Fenianism, dynamite and Passive Resistance she managed to break down the barrier and place herself on the same level with other nations. Yes, India is a case apart. In England politics is a question of parties. In India politics is a ...
... essentials of Government. Only when John Bull fails to cajole and coerce will he finally come to terms unless indeed the Gods drive him mad and then neither the method of prayers nor the method of passive resistance will avail with him. Page 196 ...
... in the day's work. If our contemporary goes on much longer in this strain, we shall all have to go on strike and either petition the Government to pass prohibitive legislation or else organise passive resistance. As a sort of anti-popular Red Indian in war-paint and on the war-path, brandished tomahawk in hand and yelling wild and weird war cries, the Englishman is picturesque and amusing. But its ...
... Government. The Irish people were openly told that the concession of further self-government would depend on the way in which they used this precious opportunity, in other words on their abandoning passive resistance and their principle of aloofness from Government and its favours and co-operating with it in a mutilated and ineffectual scheme of self-government. What would have been the result, if the Irish ...
... and ardent nation. The weak and unstable promise-breaker at Teheran has fallen, mourned by a sympathetic Anglo-India but by no one else in the world. Since the late Shah under the pressure of passive resistance yielded a constitution to his people, the young Nationalism of Persia has been attempting to force or persuade his son to keep the oaths with which he started his reign. Some deeds of blood on ...
... existence. Every act of the new Nationalism has been a call for suffering and self-sacrifice. Swadeshi was such a call, arbitration was such a call, national education was such a call, above all, passive resistance was such a call. None of these things can be secured except by a general readiness to sacrifice the individual and the family to the interests of the nation. Nowadays a new call is visibly forming ...
... Dissenters did in England, so as to get them either tested or altered. This we still hold to be morally and politically justifiable. But the outbreak of Terrorism compels us to restrict our circle of passive resistance lest even by the most peaceful rejection of unjust laws we should seem to be encouraging lawlessness and disorder. Still, if we are to observe the law scrupulously, just or unjust, we must know ...
... Impatient Idealists The President of the Hughly Conference, in reference to the formal statement by Sj. Aurobindo Ghose of the adherence of the Nationalist party to the policy of self-help and passive resistance in spite of their concessions to the Moderate minority, advised the party of the future under the name of impatient idealists to wait. The reproach of idealism has always been brought against ...
... materialise the chances of a United Congress or once for all show that union was impossible. The Moderate leaders came determined on four things, not to allow any resolution recognising general passive resistance, not to allow any resolution amounting to an absolute refusal of the Reforms, not to allow any resolution debarring delegates from Bengal from joining the Lahore Convention in case of that body ...
... helpers fought the good fight at Tuticorin in this knowledge and restrained all violence while they encouraged the people to assert their manhood and test their Page 962 unity by passive resistance. The statement in some Anglo-Indian papers that the strike was accompanied by rowdyism seems to be the usual baseless fabrication. The people were strong, but perfectly orderly and calm. It was ...
... the two brothers realised that the moment had come for public work. Sri Aurobindo joined the staff of the Bande Mataram and put forth the call for national independence through self-help and passive resistance. Barin and his friends, with Sri Aurobindo's approval, started the vernacular daily, Yugantar, which openly urged the deliverance of the country through revolutionary means. Its leading writers ...
... well. in many things, in matters of health and illness for instance, in all automatic functionings, the body acts on its own and is not a servant of the mind. If it is fatigued, it can offer a passive resistance to the mind's will. It can cloud the mind with tamas, inertia, dullness, fumes of the subconscient so that the mind cannot act. The arm lifts, no doubt, when it gets the suggestion, but at first ...
... its pride and vanity; it does not like the process of purification and it may very well declare Satyagraha against it, refuse to co-operate, justify its own demands and inclinations, offer passive resistance of many kinds, withdraw the vital support which is necessary both to the life and the sadhana and try to withdraw the being from the path of spiritual endeavour. All this has to be faced and ...
... I was ailing in a South African hospital. I was then recovering from the hurts I had received at the hands of some roughs who had been engaged to cripple me - thanks to the success of my 'Passive Resistance Campaign'. At my request the daughter of a friend of mine used, very often, to sing to me the famous hymn Lead Kindly Light!. And how it acted like a healing balm invariably." The ...
... well. In many things, in matters of health and illness for instance, in all automatic functionings, the body acts on its own and is not a servant of the mind. If it is fatigued, it can offer a passive resistance to the mind's will. It can cloud the mind with tamas, inertia, dullness, fumes of the subconscient so that the mind cannot act. The arm lifts itself no doubt when it gets the suggestion, but ...
... e, and that is quite possible, it is strong enough to compel the material mind to which it now leaves those things, to enlarge itself and become intuitive. There is likely however to be much passive resistance because there are other influences. As for the other question he can only help you in outward matters and that he can do very well if he is kept in close touch with you and his emotional being ...
... struggle within the limits of the national life. The instruments would be different, but would follow the same principle, that of the strike and the lock-out which are on one side a combined passive resistance by the weaker party to enforce its claims, on the other a passive pressure by the stronger party to enforce its wishes. Between nations, the corresponding weapon to the strike would be a commercial ...
... wrong sanskaras and wrong emotions and mental and moral habits rose with it and misused the divine force. Hence all that orgy of political oratory, democratic fervour, meetings, processions, passive resistance, all ending in bombs, revolvers and Coercion laws. It was a period of asuddha rajasic activity and had to be followed by the inevitable period of tamasic reaction from disappointed rajas. God ...
... appearance strengthens the disposition towards an abject & unmanly tone in politics. Gandhi's loyalism is not a pattern for India which is not South Africa, & even Gandhi's loyalism is corrected by passive resistance. An abject tone of servility in politics is not "diplomacy" & is not good politics. It does not deceive or disarm the opponent; it does encourage nervelessness, fear & a cringing cunning in the ...
... India's independence, armed rioters attacked the Ashram, killing one member and injuring several others. Subsequently it was reported in the Statesman of Calcutta that "Satyagraha" (non-violent passive resistance) was offered by political workers in front of the Ashram. Sri Aurobindo dictated this reply to be sent to the editor of the Statesman on 20 August. It was issued over the signature of the ...
... well. In many things, in matters of health and illness for instance, in all automatic functionings, the body acts on its own and is not a servant of the mind. If it is fatigued, it can offer a passive resistance to the mind’s will. It can cloud the mind with tamas, inertia, dullness, fumes of the subconscient so that the mind cannot act. The arm lifts itself no doubt when it gets the suggestion, but ...
... suggested that he was a forerunner of the gospel of Ahimsa. This is quite incorrect. Sri Aurobindo is neither an impotent moralist nor a weak pacifist. The rule of confining political action to passive resistance was adopted as the best policy for the National Movement at that stage [in 1905 and after] and not as a part of a gospel of Non-violence or pacifist idealism. Peace is a part of the highest ideal ...
... when I was ailing in a South African hospital. I was then recovering from the hurts I had received at the hands of some roughs who had been engaged to cripple me - thanks to the success of my 'Passive Resistance Campaign'. At my request the daughter of a friend of mine used, very often, to sing to me the famous hymn, Lead Kindly Light! And how it acted like a healing balm invariably." The heroic " ...
... another form of the imperialistic ambition which had marched through history so often and which was never quite impervious to the influence of heroic self- Page 90 sacrifice and passive resistance on its opponent's part. Many Indians committed the same mistake, but except the taking up of arms on behalf of Fascism nothing could have been more Himalayan a blunder than the pitting of ahimsa ...
... All the same that is the first step towards freeing the vital. So long as it insists on its desires, it cannot be freed. One has to make it give up its insistence first and give up its passive resistance afterwards. What is the difference between the voidness caused by a drawing of the life energy and that produced by a spiritual emptiness? The drawing of the life energy ...
... 193 The Non-Cooperation Movement was one of the powerful tactics used in the struggle for Indian Independence. It was first enunciated by Sri Aurobindo in a booklet entitled "The Doctrine of Passive Resistance". Basically, it advocated complete non-cooperation with the British authorities in all matters - social, economic, judicial, educational, etc. -by being self-reliant. The reference here is to ...
... That's all very well, but why on earth is he called Senapati? PURANI: Because he led a Satyagraha movement against the Tatas' extension of their dam. SRI AUROBINDO: Oh, commander-in-chief of passive resistance? PURANI: Yes, but not quite, because they had swords with them. SATYENDRA: He seems to try being spectacular. SRI AUROBINDO: But the spectacle doesn't always come off. SATYENDRA: ...
... way seems possible. NIRODBARAN: Could it not be a bluff, for an attack somewhere else? SRI AUROBINDO: That is another matter. NIRODBARAN: If Gandhi's proposal to Britain to offer only passive resistance had been accepted, perhaps Hitler's hope would have been fulfilled. (Laughter) SRI AUROBINDO: Yes. They appreciated his proposal but couldn't consider it. PURANI: Churchill has made a ...
... PURANI: Oh, I see. SATYENDRA: But that was one of the conditions of the armistice. SRI AUROBINDO: The workers didn't make the armistice! (Laughter) Gandhi ought to be happy because of their passive resistance. PURANI: I think Germany may try to push the French soldiers to war against England. SRI AUROBINDO: Not likely, because to do that Hitler will have to arm France which he doesn't want to ...
... AUROBINDO: Because there is no chance of civil disobedience, perhaps. And Gandhi is now preparing the world for non-violence. PURANI: But nobody accepts it. NIRODBARAN: De Gaulle has advised passive resistance to the French people. C. R. says England may be thinking that if we were independent we wouldn't help her. SRI AUROBINDO: Yes, they have a fear that we may do just as Ireland is doing. ...
... College as its first Principal. It was here that Sri Aurobindo, while working secretly for the revolution, chalked out also a plan of outer action. This plan consisted of the programme of passive Resistance, Boycott and Swadeshi, which was later adopted as the policy of the struggle for freedom.. It was here again that Sri Aurobindo wrote powerfully and boldly for Bande Mataram, and later for ...
... especially if it touches in the least on politics. Gandhi's theories are like other mental theories built on a basis of one-sided reasoning and claiming for a limited truth (that of non-violence and passive resistance) a universality which it cannot have. Such theories will always exist so long as the mind is the main instrument of human truth-seeking. To spend energy trying to destroy such theories is of ...
... departed courageously from the orthodox and conservative path of the Moderates and infused in the country a new electric force of Nationalism. He chalked out a new path of Swadeshi, boycott, passive resistance, and national education, — the path that ultimately came to be adopted as the national programme during the subsequent period of the struggle. He even ventured to search for a spiritual force ...
... National College as its first Principal. It was here that Sri Aurobindo, while working secretly for the revolution, chalked out also a plan of outer action. This plan consisted of the programme of passive Resistance, Boycott and Swadeshi, which was later adopted as the policy of the struggle for freedom. It was here again that Sri Aurobindo wrote powerfully and boldly for Bande Mataram, and later for Karma ...
... National College as its first Principal. It was here that Sri Aurobindo, while working secretly for the revolution, chalked out also a plan of outer action. This plan consisted of the programme of passive Resistance, Boycott and Swadeshi, which was later adopted as the policy of the struggle for freedom. It was here again that Sri Aurobindo wrote powerfully and boldly for Bande Mataram, and later for ...
... most Indians then believed that to think or speak of independence was a madman's delirium — the British Raj was too powerful. Thirdly, to prepare the common people's mind for non-cooperation and passive resistance by which the government machinery could be paralysed. This anticipated Mahatma Gandhi's movement on similar lines in later years. When we asked him once how he could even conceive of an armed ...
... the ancient soul out of the body her Vedic Rishis made for her. At every step, under every calamity and attack and domination, she has been able to resist and survive either with an active or a passive resistance. And this she was able to do in her great days by her spiritual solidarity and power of assimilation and reaction, expelling all that would not be absorbed, absorbing all that could not be expelled ...
... during his leadership, some of which he had already accomplished. It showed that Mahatma Gandhi had proceeded exactly on the lines envisaged by Sri Aurobindo, except that he made a fetish of passive resistance and non-violence. About this time, an idea flashed through my mind that I should write an account of our unique life we attendants lived with Sri Aurobindo. But I rejected the idea at once ...
... spirit and letter of the Hindu gospel of Ahimsa. This is quite incorrect. Sri Aurobindo is neither an impotent moralist nor a weak pacifist. The rule of confining political action to passive resistance was adopted as the best policy for the National Movement at that stage and not as a part of a gospel of Non-violence or pacific idealism. Peace is part of the highest ideal, but it must be spiritual ...
... goal of spiritual freedom. India came to be worshipped by millions of people as an eternal Mother India. Under the inspiring call of worship of Mother India, programmes of swadeshi, boycott, passive resistance and national education came to be developed, and the movement which had begun with the dominant minority turned into a mass movement, and India became free in 1947. Page 211 We ...
... morrow. Even so, Bandemataram had to keep within the letter of the law; its advocacy of freedom had to follow as far as possible the lines of peace, its path had to be that of Passive Resistance. Page 356 But Yugantar shed off all the masks. It was the first to declare openly for an armed revolt and spoke in terms of regular ...
... well. In many things, in matters of health and illness for instance, in all automatic functionings, the body acts on its own and is not a servant of the mind. If it is fatigued, it can offer a passive resistance to the mind's _____________________ 5 On Yoga II, Tome One, P. 332-333 Page 135 will. It can cloud the mind with ' Tamas' inertia, dullness fumes of the subconscient, so ...
... mean the abandonment of the ideal of total independence – free India within the British Empire would be the goal of the Home Rule movement – and therefore he did not execute it. He thought about passive resistance at this time, but he knew that he could not be the leader of such a movement. The British government had declared some reforms in which he saw some signs of yielding, so he declared his opinion ...
... Indian National Congress. 1907 January-April In Deoghar. January 28 - February 12 Works on Prince of Edur, a dramatic romance. April 12-23 The Doctrine of Passive Resistance serialised in the Bande Mataram. June 2 First issue of the weekly edition of the Bande Mataram. June 8 A warning is issued to the editor of the Bande Mataram by ...
... the Indian National Congress. 1907 — January-April In Deoghar. January 28-February 12 Works on Prince of Edur, a dramatic romance. April 12-23 The Doctrine of Passive Resistance serialised in the Bande Mataram. June 1 First issue of the weekly edition of the Bande Mataram. June 8 A warning is issued to the editor of the Bande Mataram by ...
... was inevitably dragged into it too, and Britain wanted India's active cooperation in the war effort. There were many (including Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, with his South African experiences of passive resistance to tyranny) who were for loyalism and unconditional support to Britain, while others thought that Britain's difficulty was India's opportunity to wrest her freedom from the alien bureaucracy ...
... people on their side so long as they are permitted to do so abstain from aggressive violence, let them study carefully to put their oppressors always in the wrong; but from no legitimate kind of passive resistance should they shrink. This much their Mother demands from them. For what use to cry day and night Adoration to the Mother, if we have not the courage to suffer for the Mother? It is a sweet ...
... words, the whole spirit which has governed the national movement, must be changed and we must go back to the policy of pre-Swadeshi days. This then is the issue before us. We declared a war of passive resistance against the bureaucracy on the 7th of August; and we understood that the struggle was not to end till such a regime as Lord Curzon's Page 153 should be rendered for ever impossible ...
... pouring in and will take no denial. There are two ways of meeting them, either to offer a forlorn and hopeless resistance or to seize and subjugate them. If we offer only an inert or stubborn passive resistance, they will still come in on us, break down our defences where they are weakest, sap them where they are stiffer, and where they can do neither, steal in unknown or ill-apprehended by underground ...
... agitation and obstruction whenever needed—and that would be oftener than not in the present circumstances—is, no doubt, Page 258 the only alternative to some form of non-cooperation or passive resistance. But it would need at its head a man of his combined suppleness, skill and determination to make it effective. I have not the suppleness and skill—at least of the kind needed—and could only bring ...
... the objection that all War is evil and no war can be supported; soul-force or some kind of spiritual or ethical force is the only force that should be used; the only resistance permissible is passive resistance, non-cooperation or Satyagraha. But this kind of resistance though it has been used in the past with some effect by individuals or on a limited scale, cannot stop the invasion of a foreign army ...
... if it touches in the least on politics. Gandhi's theories are like other mental theories built on a basis of one-sided reasoning and claiming for a limited truth (that of non-violence and of passive resistance) a universality which it cannot have. Such theories will always exist so long as the mind is the main instrument of human truth seeking. To spend energy trying to destroy such theories is of ...
... everything from that—Swaraj, Samiti, Non-cooperation, and so on. If not outwardly he must have received these things from you in an occult way. The whole of Gandhi's affair is simply our passive resistance movement given an ethical instead of a political form, applied with a rigid thoroughness which human nature except in a minority cannot bear for long and given too a twist which seems to me to ...
... not his, at the most they may have been put forward by his lawyers or written, more prudentially than sincerely, by colleagues in the Bande Mataram . The rule of confining political action to passive resistance was adopted as the best policy for the National Movement at that stage and not as part of a gospel of Non-violence or Peace. Peace is part of the highest ideal, but it must be spiritual or at ...
... Bepin Chandra , 17 Pales tine, 137 Panchayat (system), 178, 221 Pariah, 29, 20 8 parliamentary democracy, see under democracy Pars is,63 partition, see under Bengal, India, Pakistan passive resistance, 93 , ISI , 167 ·168 , 219,246 Patanjali, III Patel , Vallabhbhai, Sardar , 243 patriotism, 21 -22 , 23 , 24 -25, 76 peace, the gospel of, 4 5, 125 , 246 Page 268 ...
... would have been held an imperative reason for reasserting that right at every succeeding Conference, till it was admitted. Unless we can show the same firmness, we may as well give up the idea of passive resistance for good and all. Several of the Resolutions seem to us unnecessary in substance and others invertebrate in phrasing. We have no faith whatever in the Judicial and Executive separation nostrum; ...
... it has become a distinct and recognised force so powerful in its moral influence that petitioning is practically dead and the whole nation stands committed to a policy of self-development and passive resistance. The Press a few months ago was, with the exception of a few Mahratti weeklies, one journal in the Punjab and the Sandhya and New India in Calcutta, almost entirely Moderate. The increase ...
... this the case when the measure in question is not a law, but an executive ukase which may yet be prevented from passing into law. This can best be done by a widespread and quiet but determined passive resistance which will make the ukase inoperative without a resort to measures of the most extreme and shameless Russianism. We have not concealed our opinion that this is the course the country ought to ...
... whether we shall persist in carrying on our movement rigidly within the pale of the law, however oppressive the law may be, or follow the example of the Irish and the English Nonconformists by passive resistance to the law itself with a view to bringing about its repeal. The answer really hangs upon the possible next move of the bureaucracy and our preparedness to meet it. If the bureaucrats try to break ...
... y or dictated by any desire to enlighten its ignorance, but were meant simply to prevent any mistaken impression being created among our own people that the Nationalist leaders had abandoned passive resistance as the result of the policy of repression or favoured any idea of substituting for it aggressive Nihilism. Since, however, our contemporary is so benevolently anxious about the matter, we hope ...
... views before the people and we have not failed to do so to the best of our ability. The policy we advocate now is the policy we have always advocated, the policy of the organisation of Swaraj and passive resistance. To push forward Swadeshi, to push forward National Education, to take up Arbitration in earnest and for the effective working of this positive side to create what we have not up till now created ...
... Mataram under the Editorship of Sri Aurobindo 28.May-22.Dec.1907 Bande Mataram The Moral of the Coconada Strike 21-June-1907 That the weapon of passive resistance is sometimes a match even for sword and bayonet, not to speak of milder instruments of repression, is being evidenced in the strike of the shipping coolies at Coconada. We may have to resort ...
... this principle of exclusion is once admitted, where is it to stop? What guarantees us against the future introduction of anew clause demanding the signing of a declaration renouncing Boycott and passive resistance as a precondition of entrance into the pandal? It will be seen therefore that from whatever point of view it is taken, the refusal to accept Article II of the Convention rules was not only ...
... most detested and denounced by the Indian revolutionary organisations now active at Paris, Geneva and Berlin, is Sj. Bipin Chandra Pal, the prophet and Page 421 first preacher of passive resistance. Yet the object of both is almost identical, the Nationalist agitator insisting on perfect autonomy, the revolutionist on separation, both being merely different forms of independence. The question ...
... office, honour or emolument from the alien government and he showed his people a better way of agitation than mere dependence on England on one side and secret outrage on the other,—the way of passive resistance, obstruction in Parliament and refusal of rent in the country. Only so could Parnell succeed in creating the solid phalanx, and when it was broken, it was by the folly of his adherents who receded ...
... Moderates have never concealed the fact that it was their intention to jockey the Nationalists out of the Congress. Their chief organ openly declared that it had been the Moderate plan to get rid of passive resistance and other Extremist heresies which had been read into the Calcutta resolution by the Extremists. The Gujerati is equally plain about the creed, its object is to get rid of the spectre of Swaraj ...
... can use without bringing on a violent conflict, without leading to breaches of the law on both sides and bringing things to the arbitrament of physical force, have been the means which we call passive resistance and specially the means of the boycott. Therefore just as we have said that the boycott is a settled fact Page 45 because the Partition of Bengal is not rescinded and it shall remain ...
... called Dominion Status. Unfortunately, this recognition could not be put into force except after a violent struggle in Ireland and was marred by the partition of the country. After a vehement passive resistance in India it came to be recognised there but in a truncated form shifting the full concession to a far future. In Egypt also it was only after a struggle that freedom was given but subject to ...
... utterly brutal and predatory methods of a Cromwell or Elizabeth, 3 partly because the resisting psychological factor of nationalism had become too self-conscious and capable of an organised passive resistance or at least a passive force of survival. But if the psychological justification was deficient or only in process of creation, the vital and physical case for a strictly united Russia, not ...
... universal (lower) forces comes in—they want to keep their reign over the being. The result is an exacerbation of the resistance of the lower vital and an exaggeration of the obstruction (inertia, passive resistance) in the physical which then admit these suggestions of self-destruction, depression or despair. It is more the lack of sleep that is responsible [ for the physical weakness ], I think; ...
... resist. They have to go straight to jail. Well, these gentlemen argue and they are arguing straight from the intellect, they ask, "How long will you be able to resist like that? How long will this passive resistance work? All your leaders, all your strong men will be sent to jail, you will be crushed, and not only will you be crushed, the nation will be completely crushed." If you argue from the intellect ...
... replacing them until it has such a position as an actual fact; they will recognise only the realised aspiration, not the distant possibility. The party of peaceful secession of thoroughgoing passive resistance does not forget that besides the support and acquiescence of the people the bureaucracy have another source of strength in the military force of the British Empire. They are often accused of ...
... principles: 1) That nothing short of absolute autonomy can permanently satisfy Indian aspiration; 2) That prayer, petition and protest can never be an effective method of political agitation; 3) That passive resistance and self-help can alone advance the country at the present stage. ...
... accommodating there would be any chance of union. The attitude of Mr. Gokhale is conclusive on this point. Not only has he definitely separated himself and his school from the advocates of Swaraj and passive resistance but he has denounced them as enemies of the country and handed them over to the "stern and relentless repression" of the authorities. The Tribune calls on Bengal to give up the boycott on the ...
... was the unconsciously prepared forces in the country that made their way in spite of and not because of the mature deliberation. It was a minority convinced of the principles of self-help and passive resistance, full of faith, careless of obstacles, believing in the force of ideas, and not the whole self-conscious portion of the country, which mainly contributed, by its eloquence, logic, consistency ...
... ce, the habit of individual and organised action, self-reliance and indomitable enterprise; but it has rejected the old methods of insurrectionary violence and replaced them by self-help and passive resistance. That work is not yet complete and only when it is complete will it be possible for a strength to be generated in the country which the past represented by the bureaucracy will consent to ...
... every legitimate and peaceful means towards its establishment whether swift or gradual, and especially favours the use of self-help to train and organise the nation for self-government and of passive resistance to confirm and defend the measures of self-help and to bring pressure on the bureaucracy to yield a substantial measure of self-government. The defect of the Nationalist party is not in energy ...
... or injurious laws imposed without national consent, advocated observance of the law in the circumstances of India both on grounds of policy and in the interests of sound national development. Passive resistance to arbitrary edicts and proclamations in order to assert civic rights, Page 171 test illegal ukases or compel their recall is not breach of the law but a recognised weapon in the ...
... on this conception of the British character that the Nationalist party has hitherto proceeded. The hard fact of a continued and increasing Boycott, an indomitable national movement, a steady passive resistance, have been the obstacles they have sought to present to the British desire for an absolute lordship. We must prevent these obstacles from being kicked out of the way by repression, but the way ...
... পরধৰ্ম্মের, একটী মিথ্যা রাজনীতিক জীবনের পােষণ করা হবে ৷ লােকে এখন রাজনীতিকে spiritualise কৰ্ত্তে চায়, যেমন গান্ধী, ঠিক পথটী ধৰ্ত্তে পাচ্ছে না ৷ গান্ধী কি করছেন? অহিংসা পরম ধৰ্ম্ম, jainism, হরতাল, passive resistance ইত্যাদির খিচুড়ি করে সত্যাগ্রহ বলে একরকম Indianised Tolstoyism দেশে আনছেন, ফল হবে যদি কোনও স্থায়ী ফল হয় এক রকম Indianised Bolshevism ৷তাঁহার কৰ্ম্মে আমার আপত্তি নাই, যাঁর যে প্রেরণা, তিনি তাহাই ...
... ( Mother goes back within ) It's better to say nothing. I would rather not speak now. × The Doctrine of Passive Resistance , I.122 . × The Harmony of Virtue , III.347 . ...
... ”, i.e. punitive payments agreed upon in the Treaty of Versailles, three French and Belgian divisions occupied the Ruhr, Germany’s industrial heartland. The German Government responded with “passive resistance”, stopping all production. Yet the industrialists and the workers had to be compensated in some way, and the Government began to print money, thereby causing galloping inflation. The victors ...
... of such an endeavour. Thirdly, there was the organization of the people to carry on a public and united opposition and undermining of the foreign rule through an increasing noncooperation and passive resistance.’ 28 Later, when Aurobindo had become Sri Aurobindo, he would put straight certain misconceptions in the mind of his disciples: ‘In some quarters there is the idea that Sri Aurobindo’s ...
... In many things, in matters of health and illness for instance, in all automatic functionings, the body acts on its own and is not a servant of the mind. If it is fatigued, it can offer a passive resistance to the mind's will. It can cloud the mind with tamas, inertia, dullness, fumes of the subconscient so that the mind cannot act. The arm lifts, no doubt, when it gets the suggestion, but ...
... goal of spiritual freedom. India came to be worshipped by millions of people as an eternal Mother India. Under the inspiring call of worship of Mother India, programmes of swadeshi, boycott, passive resistance and national education came to be developed, and the movement which had begun with the dominant minority turned into a mass movement, and India became free in 1947. We are today passing ...
... College as its first Principal. It was here that he, while working secretly for the revolution, chalked Page 1 out also a plan of outer action. This plan consisted of the programme of Passive Resistance, Boycott and Swadeshi, which was later adopted as the policy of the struggle for freedom. It was here again that he wrote powerfully and boldly for Bande Mataram, and later for Karma Yogin ...
... A System of National Education, 'The Karmayogin', 1910 1924 The National Value of Art, 'The Karmayogin',1909 1922 Speeches, 1908-1909 1922 The Doctrine of Passive Resistance, 1907 1948 Bankim-Tilak-Dayanand, 1907-1916-1918 1940 The Brain of India, 1909 1921 India's Rebirth (a selection from Sri Aurobindo's writings, talks and speeches) ...
... first attempt, letter brought a good atmosphere (that was the sense of something pleasant), and both were the effect of a long pressure from me which you had resisted sitting firm in a Gandhian passive resistance. This shows, Sir, you make me suffer unnecessarily; you can, at any moment, draw me out if it pleases you. Not at all, you can't be drawn out if something in you refuses and sticks like ...
... dryness and a negative pressure and one of the longest periods, too! It is the confounded vital that does that when it is asked to change itself. The vital is a disciple of Gandhi as far as passive resistance goes—a master of non-cooperation. It came after I took a strong resolution to do some serious sadhana. I wonder if the light of the sun is in view. It is perhaps the strong resolution ...
... wrong emotions and mental and moral habits rose with it and misused the divine force. Hence all that orgy of political oratory, democratic fervour, meetings, processions, passive Page 220 resistance, all ending in bombs, revolvers and Coercion laws.... God has struck it all down, — Moderatism, the bastard child of English Liberalism; Nationalism, the mixed progeny ...
... samskaras [imprints] and wrong emotions and mental and moral habits rose with it and misused the divine force. Hence all that orgy of political oratory, democratic fervour, meetings, processions, passive resistance, all ending in bombs, revolvers and Coercion laws.... God has struck it all down, — Moderatism, the bastard child of English Liberalism; Nationalism, the mixed progeny of Europe and Asia; Terrorism ...
... samskaras[imprints] and wrong emotions and mental and moral habits rose with it and misused the divine force. Hence all that orgy of political oratory, democratic fervour, meetings, processions, passive resistance, all ending in bombs, revolvers and Coercion laws.... God has struck it all down,— Moderatism, the bastard child of English Liberalism; Nationalism, the mixed progeny of Europe and Asia; Terrorism ...
... with you. There was a time when I was like that. Teaified cells—instead of deified. But what's the reason? Vital resistance, physical inertia or fatigue or what? Gandhian non-cooperating passive resistance of the vital disgusted to have to do the same thing regularly? Objection to rules—what? Discipline it. The whole thing came to a climax. I wanted to go out for a walk by way of diversion ...
... gain of the morrow. Even so, Bandemataram had to keep within the letter of the law; its advocacy of freedom had to follow as far as possible the lines of peace, its path had to be that of Passive Resistance. But Yugantar shed off all the masks. It was the first to declare openly for an armed revolt and spoke in terms of regular warfare. It wrote out its message in words of fire and spread it to ...
... epic quality about it, what Matthew Arnold calls the "grand style simple." This piece fortunately has not been lost; it has found a place in one of Sri Aurobindo's works, in his The Doctrine of Passive Resistance, under the heading, "The Morality of Boycott." You might read it for yourselves. You will be delighted, I can assure you. Now I am going to divulge to you yet another secret, perhaps the ...
... face. (Laughter) There are good stories in his limericks. You know the story of the cow? PURANI: I have heard it. Moni's favourite, I think. SRI AUROBINDO: It can be very well applied to passive resistance. It is like this: There was a young man who said, "How Shall I melt the heart of this cow?" So he sat on a stile And continued to smile Till he melted the heart of the cow. (Laughter) ...
... at Benaras Congress, 216; at Barisal Conference, 217; Prof. at National College, 218; in charge of Bande Mataram, 221ff; on the "Life of Nationalism", 223ff; on Dadabhai and Tilak, 226-7; on Passive Resistance, 229ff, 282-3, 362; on use of violence, 230,283; freedom a holy yajna, 231; political Vedantism, 232, 238ff; on Loyalists, Moderates, Nationalists, 232; on the bureaucracy, 232; on Anglo-Indians' ...
... 26, p. 31 14. Haridas and Uma Mukherjee, India's Fight for Freedom, or The Swadeshi Movement: 1905-6 (1958), pp. 189-90 15. Sri Aurobindo, The Doctrine of Passive Resistance (1952), Publisher's Note. 16. Sri Aurobindo, Vol. 1, p. 88 17. Ibid., p. 89 18. Ibid., p. 92 19. Ibid., p. 94 20. Ibid., ...
... s writings are from the Sri Aurobindo Birth Centenary Library: Volume 1 — Bande Mataram, EARLY POLITICAL WRITINGS — I (1893-1908): New Lamps for Old; Bhawani Mandir; The Doctrine of Passive Resistance; editorials and comments from the Bande Mataram; Speeches. Volume 2 — Karmayogin, EARLY POLITICAL WRITINGS —11(1909-1910): Uttarpara Speech; The Ideal of the Karmayogin; An Open ...
... seemed prone to lose Herself and Her Soul. Then came Sri Aurobindo, the first son of Mother India to call for her unqualified freedom. He awakened the nation by launching a new movement of Passive Resistance, Boycott, Self-arbitration Courts, National Education etc. He reached the heart of the people through his powerful speeches and articles. Following are a few of the passages which inspired ...
... directed Barindra to organise a revolutionary centre in their Maniktala Garden. April: Contributed a series of articles to the Bande Mataram entitled 'The Doctrine of Passive Resistance'. August I6: Arrested for reproducing Yugantar articles in the Bande Mataram. The charge failed as Bepinchandra Pal refused to give evidence, for which Pal had to undergo ...
... Aurobindo has preached throughout, and that was to be done not by methods which are against the traditions of the country... the doctrines he preached are not doctrines of violence but doctrines of passive resistance. It is not bombs, but suffering..;. He says, believe in yourself; no one attains salvation who does not believe in himself. Similarly, he says, in the case of a nation. 48 How Chittaranjan ...
... idea later realised by Annie Besant and Tilak. But at the time it would have meant a falling back from the ideal of independence. "He looked also at the possibility of an intense and organised passive resistance movement in the manner afterwards adopted by Gandhi," wrote Sri Aurobindo later. But he decided that such movements were not for him and that he must go on with the movement of independence. ...
... conscientious objection to take any part in that prosecution. I therefore refuse to be sworn or affirmed in that case." Through his refusal, Bepin Chandra Pal became the first exponent of Passive Resistance. 1. When, tired, the flogger stopped after fourteen lashes, the bleeding Sushil piped up reminding him, 'One more.' Page 361 Judge Kingsford sentenced him to six ...
... India's aim. It was neither Mr. M. K. Gandhi nor Jawaharlal Nehru, as some people have begun to claim. For the record, it was again Sri Aurobindo who first set in motion the doctrine of passive resistance, or non-cooperation with the colonial Governement. Years later Gandhi adopted the doctrine and adapted it to suit his own political programme. Asked Sri Aurobindo, "Are we to guide our ...
... of policy.... Is a conviction reasonably certain in this case? I should think decidedly not, and I hope not. So far as I can make out, the article (so far back as last X' mas) simply paraded passive resistance and abstention from taking part in public life. That may be as odious and objectionable as you please, but it is at least doubtful whether any decent court will find it to be sedition." ...
... alter the inner oneness, love, sympathy which arises from the perception of the one Self in all, the Divine in all beings. But a resigned forbearance and submission to them and their deeds, a passive non-resistance, will be no necessary part of the action; it cannot be, since a constant instrumental obedience to the divine and universal Will must mean in the shock of opposite forces that fill the world... patient bearing of the cross, a Page 208 submissive forbearance. In the Gita this element takes the more ample form of an entire surrender of the whole being to God. It is not merely a passive submission, but an active self-giving; not only a seeing and an accepting of the divine Will in all things, but a giving up of one's own will to be the instrument of the Master of works, and this not... Divine Will and, with the growth of knowledge, bring about a faultless response of the instrument to the divine Power and Knowledge. A perfect, an absolute equality of self-surrender, the mentality a passive channel of the divine Light and Power, the active being a mightily effective instrument for its work in the world, will be the poise of this supreme union of the Transcendent, the universal and the ...
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